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Topic Review
Precautionary demand for cash
       We have recently seen two conflicting trends in the use of cash. The share of e-payments in retail transactions is steadily increasing, but the same upward trend is true for the share of cash in circulation or at least the cash share remained unchanged. This paper shows the significance of perceived risk for consumers’ precautionary demand for cash after they make a decision to use e-payments. We use data from a study involving Polish consumers. The main conclusions are as follows: surveyed consumers perceive a level of risk associated with card and mobile payments and continue to carry cash for precautionary reasons. Factors such as the consumer’s mental state, lack of trust in e-payments, and attitude to risk influence the decision to maintain cash reserves, while the consumer’s income and age may be considered the main determinants of the value of the cash reserve. Consequently, the decision to use e-payments does not necessarily mean that the demand for cash drops to zero. A degree of difficult-to-reduce, autonomous demand for cash may exist independent of the traditionally studied determinants, in particular, those related to the transaction demand.
  • 562
  • 29 Oct 2020
Topic Review
Recreationist-Environment Fit Hospitality Experiences of China's Green Hotels
To develop the hotel industry’s competitiveness, research on satisfaction and revisit intentions has always been important. More research has recently focused on guests’ pro-environmental behaviors and low-carbon management in the hotel industry.  The suitability of a leisure environment could positively impact guest satisfaction, which positively affected their willingness to revisit.
  • 562
  • 28 Feb 2022
Topic Review
The Key to Sustainable Economic Development
Concerns about improving social, environmental, and economic living standards are the basis of the triple bottom line (TBL) link to economic development (ED).  The social dimension of TBL boosts ED, the environmental dimension of TBL slows down ED, and the economic dimension of TBL contains conflicting synergies in ED. The Human Development Index (HDI) should now include indicators of environmental wellbeing. Governments should adopt policies to improve social wellbeing to boost ED, work to coordinate the objectives of environmental protection and ED, and combat vulnerabilities arising from public debt.
  • 561
  • 09 Jun 2022
Topic Review
Evaluating Labour Market Flexibility Using the TOPSIS Method
TOPSIS is employed by comparing spatial (i.e., different countries) and temporal (i.e., long-time horizon) terms. Sustainable industrial relations processes are considered in shaping the flexibility of the labour market in 15 European Union Member States from 2009 to 2018. Countries are grouped into classes to provide a basis for benchmarking results against social and employment policies implemented at the national level. 
  • 560
  • 28 Feb 2022
Topic Review
Unique Blockchain
Blockchain is an upcoming technology in the project management field, which has the potential to resolve implementation-related problems. Blockchain-based project management may increase the human life standard by reducing corruption. It also protects the project from information manipulation.
  • 561
  • 26 May 2022
Topic Review
Location Planning of Charging Stations for Electric Buses
Many public transport companies have recently launched projects testing the operation of electric buses. Progressively, traditional combustion engine buses are being replaced by electric buses. In such cases, some stops on bus lines are equipped with charging technology. Combustion engine buses can operate for an entire day without having to refuel. By contrast, electric buses have considerably shorter ranges and need to recharge their batteries throughout a day. For cost-efficient use of electric buses, charging stations must be located within the road network so that required deadhead trips are as short as possible, but attention must also be paid to construction costs. In contrast to vehicle scheduling, which is a more short-term planning task of public transport companies, location planning of charging stations is a long-term planning problem and requires a simultaneous solving of both optimization problems. Specifically, location planning and vehicle scheduling have to be considered simultaneously in order to open up optimization potentials by comparison to sequential planning, since locations of charging stations directly influence the resulting vehicle rotations. 
  • 560
  • 28 Apr 2022
Topic Review
Open Innovation in the transition to Agriculture 4.0
Industry 4.0 digital technologies in agribusiness will enable traditional farming systems to migrate to Agriculture 4.0. Open innovation emerges as an enabler for implementing these technologies and increased sector competitiveness.
  • 559
  • 05 Jun 2023
Topic Review
The Free Banking School
The Free Banking School is a term used for economists who study the costs and benefits of the competitive issue of currency by banks. 
  • 559
  • 30 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Energy Potential of Biogas Production in Ukraine
The production and use of biogas in Ukraine has great prospects due to favorable climatic conditions and great potential for the development of biogas production. Obtaining biogas from organic leftovers that come from the agricultural sector is considered to be an important vector of renewable energy development. Biogas can be used in different ways. It can be burned in heating installations, for example, or, in its enriched form, it can be employed in vehicle engines as a fuel. Moreover, cogeneration plants can produce electricity, which then can be sold or used in the manufactories’ own production.
  • 558
  • 03 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Business Continuity
Business continuity is the planning and preparation of a company to make sure it overcomes serious incidents or disasters and resumes its normal operations within a reasonably short period. This concept includes the following key elements: Typical disasters that business continuity covers include fires, floods, accidents caused by key people, server crashes or virus infections, insolvency of key suppliers, negative media campaigns and market upheavals (ex. stock market crashes). The locations of these disasters and the company real estates may be independent.
  • 557
  • 11 Oct 2022
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