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Topic Review
Performance Evaluation of the Board of Directors
Abstract:   Purpose: The objectives of this paper are to analyse both individual and overall performance evaluations of the Board of Directors as carried out by Maltese Listed Companies (MLCs) and to assess the importance of such board evaluations to small shareholders. Design/Approach/Methodology: The study was designed around semi-structured interviews with fifteen MLC representatives and seven stockbrokers, as well as questionnaires administered to twenty-nine small shareholders. Findings: The findings indicate that, while Boards of Director evaluations are carried out in MLCs, they lack the necessary formal structures that specify critical evaluation measures. Thus one may infer that those charged with the responsibility of conducting evaluations are not being well determined. By departing from the recommendations of the Maltese Corporate Governance Code on performance evaluations, MLCs have generally opted to resort to an inward and more restricted style of evaluation, doing away with external or independent parties in the process.   Practical Implications: Recommendations include the promotion of shareholder interest by enhancing their awareness of the benefits they will stand to gain from the process and by involving them more in the process. Originality/Value: The paper considers possible evaluation measures that may be aimed to enhance both shareholder and public confidence in the exercise and also other ways by which it may be improved. It thus contributes to the literature, as yet scarce, which relates to corporate governance in small states.   Keywords: Performance evaluation, corporate governance, board of directors, MLCs.   JEL code: G34. Paper type: Research article.
  • 3.8K
  • 28 May 2020
Topic Review
Performance Evaluation of Retail Warehouses
A warehouse is one of the most critical parts of many companies, essential to facilitating trade. With a robust warehouse management system, a business can satisfy customer demand. Additionally, it helps guarantee that the products are affordable, easily accessible, and delivered quickly to a network of customers. However, if not properly structured and managed, it may prevent a business from competing effectively, locally and worldwide. One of the most crucial ways to enhance warehouses and assist managers in continuously monitoring their operations is warehouse performance measurement. Management must establish a variety of criteria to gauge warehouse performance. Based on these criteria, they can determine whether the warehouse is performing well.
  • 189
  • 20 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Perception of Artificial Intelligence by Students
Artificial Intelligence (AI) has become an integral part of people's daily lives and is available on all platforms, from smart homes to smartphones and autonomous cars. Students of economics and business studies at different levels of study have the differences in various aspects of the perception of artificial intelligence. Current college students will soon join a job market where proficiency in working with, developing, and managing AI will be necessary for many positions. Studying AI-related courses has become a necessary trend that offers significant benefits for students’ future career development 
  • 4.6K
  • 16 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Perceived Value’ Predictive Relationship
Ecotourism development is a distinct market phenomenon and a necessary form of sustainable tourism, which grows three times faster than tourism in general. Ecotourism’s rising popularity worldwide has encouraged tourist destinations to receive more and more tourists who like contact with nature and are willing to comply with the protection standards of the natural area chosen. 
  • 731
  • 28 Jul 2021
Topic Review
Perceived Green Value (PGV)
Perceived Green Value (PGV) is defined as consumers’ overall evaluation and appraisal of products in regards to their perceived environmental and sustainable advantages. This concept derives from consumer perceived value (CPV) theory, which mainly considers two dimensions, which are the functional value (quality, services, price, and convenience values) and the symbolic value (aesthetic, emotional, social, and reputational values) .
  • 2.5K
  • 26 Jul 2021
Topic Review
Perceived Environmental, Social, Governance and Consumers’ Responses
There are direct positive effects of social and governance dimensions of perceived Environmental, Social, Governance (ESG) on brand credibility, brand image, and perceived quality. However, no direct impact of the environmental dimension of perceived ESG on brand-related constructs was identified. Further, the research confirmed that brand credibility, brand image and perceived quality partially mediate the relationship between perceived ESG and attitude.
  • 535
  • 16 May 2022
Topic Review
Perceived Authenticity in Intangible Cultural Heritage Tourism
In the era of the experience economy, intangible cultural heritage (ICH) is now much a richer in terms of authenticity, which largely enriches the tourist experience. The dual dimensions of authenticity (constructive and existential) have significantly different effects on experience quality and satisfaction. Furthermore, with regard to the mediating effect of experience quality, experience quality plays a partially mediating role between existential authenticity and satisfaction. 
  • 1.0K
  • 24 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Peppercorn (Legal)
In legal parlance, a peppercorn is a metaphor for a very small cash payment or other nominal consideration, used to satisfy the requirements for the creation of a legal contract. It is featured in Chappell & Co Ltd v Nestle Co Ltd ( AC 87), which stated that "a peppercorn does not cease to be good consideration if it is established that the promisee does not like pepper and will throw away the corn". What is unusual about the term is that it came into the language when peppercorns were extremely expensive; coming, as they exclusively did, from the Dutch Moluccas. Yet today, the term is more-or-less synonymous with ”a pittance“ — something of minimal value.
  • 2.8K
  • 01 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Pensions, Ageing and Social Security Research
Pension systems are one of the fundamental pillars of the welfare state. The ageing of the population caused by longer life expectancy and low birth rates has led to a crisis in the public pension system in developed countries.
  • 472
  • 22 Dec 2021
Topic Review
Pension Information
A wide array of research has investigated the effects of pension information on different individuals’ economic outcomes. While many studies show that information provision increases knowledge, the evidence is mixed regarding its effects on behavior. Nevertheless, examining different studies, some conclusions can be elicited about the effects of pension information on three broad areas of economic behavior: retirement planning, labor supply, and savings decisions. Specifically, the provision of pension information not only increases workers’ knowledge about their benefits, but it also fosters individuals’ retirement planning and decision making. Looking at individuals’ labor supply, our review of the literature showed that only correctly informed workers are responsive to the incentives to work longer. Finally, information letters and other educational interventions such as seminars are found to increase both enrollment in retirement plans and the amount of contributions. We also highlight that the lack of knowledge prevalently hits the most vulnerable individuals in the society, such as women. As a consequence, not providing sufficient information could contribute to widening the gender gap in pensions.
  • 581
  • 01 Sep 2020
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