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Topic Review
Resilience of Urban-Rural Systems
The urban-rural systems were defined as a complex dynamic social-ecological system based on resilience thinking and transition theory. The notions of adaptation and transformation were applied to compose a framework to coordinate “resilience” with “sustainability”. Resilience thinking may contribute a system approach to the study by acknowledging URSs as complex dynamic social-ecological systems (SESs) with human-nature dynamics evolving cross multiple scales over time. Resilience depicts the capacity of complex URSs to absorb disturbance, adapt to changing conditions and withstand within the current regime, and cross the threshold into new development trajectories and fundamentally improved state in response to unforeseeable crises and enforced interventions. Linking it to transition theory (pp. 111–114) may help understand how the URSs evolution of technical, economic, social-cultural, and ecological dynamics bring about change towards sustainable development.
  • 1.4K
  • 26 Oct 2020
Topic Review
Green Finance
The concept of green finance, also known as green investments, is widely employed in academia and business, and have a variety of meanings. Green finance (GF) is a developing concept that lacks a clear and universal definition. However, the goal of GF is to balance the advancement of monetary events, environmental stability, and ecological protection to accomplish long-term development. 
  • 1.4K
  • 09 Oct 2021
Topic Review
Spin-Off–University Relationship
The concept of academic spin-off (AS) has witnessed an increase in attention due to its effectiveness in solving industry problems using core technology and knowledge from academia. Most studies based on US and western Europe experiences have presented the main key factors for academic spin-offs.
  • 1.4K
  • 26 Jul 2022
Topic Review
Globalization and Female Employment
Globalization can be viewed as a world integration leading to an exchange of ideas in different cultural, economic, political, technical, and social spheres across countries. Globalization’s impact on the receiving country’s economic and employment outcomes is an established phenomenon. However, globally only about 55 percent of women participate in the labor force compared to 80 percent for men. These gender disparities serve as an important focal point for research related to female employment, as it has a significant positive association with overall socio-economic outcomes.
  • 1.4K
  • 27 Apr 2022
Topic Review
Renewable Energy Status in Azerbaijan
Azerbaijan has a well-developed hydrocarbon industry backed with abundant domestic resources. Oil and gas have played a crucial role in the economic revival of the country since independence was regained back in 1991. The legal foundation of the transition to carbon-zero energy generation was laid in the 1990s with a number of acts mentioning the importance of the shift. The government has an ambitious plan to improve the situation, though an action plan with targeted renewables share in production and consumption is still to be prepared.
  • 1.4K
  • 24 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Measuring the Sustainability of the Orange Economy
Creative and cultural activities, more recently encompassed in the Orange economy, have been the subject of great interest in recent decades. They have been attributed great potential as engines of economic growth and sustainable development, a role that has been encouraged by various international organizations. There has been much commentary on the important capacity of the creative and cultural sector to generate sustainable growth from the triple economic, social, and environmental perspective. Accepting this premise, there is a commitment to the creative and the cultural economy that is manifested in the proposal and the implementation of various economic policy measures.
  • 1.4K
  • 25 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Renewable Energy Policies in Iran
The National Renewable Energy Policy can be introduced as an important step in increasing the investment and extraction of renewable energy in the total energy mix. Furthermore, to increase the use of local renewable energy sources, increasing the share of renewable energy in the composition of electricity generation can be achieved through facilitating the growth of the renewable industry, ensuring the reasonable cost of renewable energy production and creating public awareness of the importance of sustainable energy and clean technology.
  • 1.4K
  • 26 Jul 2021
Topic Review
Sustainable Consumption and Value Orientations
Sustainable consumption refers to consumption choices that are made by consumers who are considering environmental, social  and/or ethical issues during their purchase decision. When engaging in sustainable consumption, consumers assess whether products are benevolent to the environment, recyclable or conservable, and responsive to social, ecological and ethical concerns. Personal value orientations capture the importance that individuals attach to certain general values and the extent to which individuals adhere to these values as guiding principles in their lives. Three types of values have been associated with pro-environmental behaviour: egoistic (threats to oneself), social–altruistic (threats to others), and biospheric (threats to nature or the environment). 
  • 1.3K
  • 01 Jun 2021
Topic Review
Ethical Marketing and Brand Loyalty
The attainment of brand loyalty is based on programs related to the corporate marketing. Typically, brand loyalty is reflected in how customers evaluate the company’s outlook towards the product evaluation and consumer-brand relations. A company’s ethical marketing practices affect the daily routine of consumer activity. Every company’s ethical marketing practices are closely related to the purchase of products or services, regardless of whether it is conscious of consumer purchasing power strengths and weaknesses. The importance of ethics in the advancement of business sustainability, and general marketing issues (including product safety, price tags and advertising) has duly been recognized by corporate managers and vendors. As an outcome, an economic behavior, whether ethical or non-ethical, is inherently linked with a company’s overall reputation and assessment, and stresses the fundamental factors in keeping the company competitive on the market. Ethical marketing practice plays a significant role in improving consumer-firm ties, product assessment, and brand loyalty. 
  • 1.3K
  • 05 Jul 2021
Topic Review
Smart Tourism Ecosystem
For the sustainable tourism experience, a smart tourism ecosystem is created so that personalized, context awareness, as well as real-time monitoring, can be ensured.
  • 1.3K
  • 01 Dec 2022
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