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Topic Review
Bacterial Resistance in the Finfish  Aquaculture and Alternatives
Significant challenges to worldwide sustainable food production continue to arise from environmental change and consistent population growth. In order to meet increasing demand, fish production industries are encouraged to maintain high growth densities and to rely on antibiotic intervention throughout all stages of development. The inappropriate administering of antibiotics over time introduces selective pressure, allowing the survival of resistant bacterial strains through adaptive pathways involving transferable nucleotide sequences (i.e., plasmids). This is one of the essential mechanisms of antibiotic resistance development in food production systems.The AMR phenomenon has been generally defined as the failure of growth’s inhibition or the killing capacity of an antimicrobial molecule beyond the normal susceptible bacteria.
  • 536
  • 28 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Bank Capital Structure and Its Determinants
Financial institutions, particularly banks, have long grappled with the dilemma of structuring their capital optimally. This process, commonly referred to as capital structure decision-making, is of paramount importance, especially within the financial services sector, where strict regulations are imposed by reserve and central banks in alignment with global Basel guidelines. 
  • 419
  • 10 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Bank Diversification and Firm Investment Decisions
Firms are financially constrained as well as there being a positive relationship between cash flow and investment among listed firms. Additionally, bank diversification significantly reduces the investment-cash flow sensitivity of firms, suggesting that bank diversification mitigates the financial constraints to borrowing firms. Moreover, the multi-diversification of a bank compared to single-diversification will have greater impact on mitigating the firms’ financial constraints on investment. Thus, bank diversification strategies are proposed in a bank-based financial system, leading to the easing of the borrowing firms’ financial constraints to investments.
  • 1.6K
  • 14 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Bank Market Power on Firm Performance
The term “Banking relationship” stems from the informational dynamics established between banks and companies, especially when the latter are credit customers. It can also be understood as a close and continuous interaction between a bank and a company that allows the former to reduce the information asymmetry inherent in this relationship.
  • 118
  • 25 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Bank Risk Determinants
Systemic Banking crises are a recurrent phenomenon that affects society, and there is a need for a better understanding of the risk factors to support prudential regulation and reduce unnecessary risk intake in the financial system. This paper examines the main bank risk determinants in Latin America. The period analysed covers the timespan from 1999 to 2013, including the systemic banking crisis episodes in Argentina (2001–2003) and Uruguay (2002–2005). We apply a new data-driven comparable methodology to classify and select commercial banks from the sample.
  • 682
  • 13 Apr 2021
Topic Review
Banking as a Service
Banking as a Service (BaaS) (also: Banking-as-a-Service) is an end-to-end process ensuring the overall execution of a financial service provided over the Web. Such a digital banking service is available on demand and is carried out within a set time-frame.
  • 737
  • 26 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Banking Union
The Banking Union in the European Union is the transfer of responsibility for banking policy from the national to the EU level in several countries of the European Union, initiated in 2012 as a response to the Eurozone crisis. The motivation for banking union was the fragility of numerous banks in the Eurozone, and the identification of vicious circle between credit conditions for these banks and the sovereign credit of their respective home countries ("bank-sovereign vicious circle"). In several countries, private debts arising from a property bubble were transferred to sovereign debt as a result of banking system bailouts and government responses to slowing economies post-bubble. Conversely, weakness in sovereign credit resulted in deterioration of the balance sheet position of the banking sector, not least because of high domestic sovereign exposures of the banks. As of mid-2020, the Banking Union mainly consists of two main initiatives, the Single Supervisory Mechanism and Single Resolution Mechanism, which are based upon the EU's "single rulebook" or common financial regulatory framework. The SSM took up its authority on 4 November 2014, and the SRM entered into full force on 1 January 2015. Most accounts of banking union view it as incomplete in the absence of a European deposit insurance. The European Commission made a legislative proposal for a European Deposit Insurance Scheme in November 2015, but it has not been adopted by the EU co-legislators. Also as of mid-2020, the geographical scope of the Banking Union is identical to that of the euro area. In future, other non-euro member states of the EU may join the Banking Union under a procedure known as close cooperation. Bulgaria and Croatia have initiated requests for close cooperation, respectively in July 2018 and May 2019.
  • 360
  • 28 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Barriers and Facilitators of Sustainability for Batik SMEs
During the past two years, COVID-19-related measures have forced small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in developing countries to reduce their production capacity and employment, which has created an undesirable situation. The implementation of sustainability-oriented practices in SMEs has also been discussed frequently over the years. To improve SMEs sustainability, we need to understand the barriers and facilitators of sustainability, especially in its institutional context so the SMEs could be better supported by the institutions.
  • 555
  • 04 Aug 2022
Topic Review
Behavioral Biases and Investment Decisions of SMEs Managers
Optimistic managers tend to make investment decisions more frequently, while those who are more risk-averse adopt a more cautious approach. Mimicry was also identified as an influential factor in investment decisions, with executives likely to be influenced by the choices of their peers. Furthermore, intuition bias was also identified as a positive factor in the investment decision-making process, enabling managers to capitalize on their experience and tacit knowledge for more appropriate and timely choices.
  • 199
  • 13 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Behavioral Intention in Heritage Tourism
Heritage tourism involves traveling to destinations of historical importance where historic events occurred, and places where interesting and significant cultures stand out. It is perhaps the oldest form of tourism in the world and continues to dominate the tourism industry in many parts of the world. To meet and satisfy ever-growing tourism demand, destinations need to develop new but sustainable products from the available resources and in critical consideration of market trends. The need to investigate the antecedents of tourist behavioral intentions and its relations with the preceding factors has attracted the attention of many researchers. The extended Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) is used to explore these factors.
  • 181
  • 11 Jan 2024
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