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Topic Review
Fear Appeal
Fear appeal is a term used in psychology, sociology and marketing. It generally describes a strategy for motivating people to take a particular action, endorse a particular policy, or buy a particular product, by arousing fear. A well-known example in television advertising was a commercial employing the musical jingle: "Never pick up a stranger, pick up Prestone anti-freeze." This was accompanied by images of shadowy strangers (hitchhikers) who would presumably do one harm if picked up. The commercial's main appeal was not to the positive features of Prestone anti-freeze, but to the fear of what a "strange" brand might do. A fear appeal is a persuasive message that attempts to arouse fear in order to divert behavior through the threat of impending danger or harm. It presents a risk, presents the vulnerability to the risk, and then may, or may not suggest a form of protective action. It is assumed that through a fear appeal the perception of threatening stimuli creates fear arousal. The state of fear is believed to be an unpleasant emotional state that involves physiological arousal that motivates cognitive, affective, and behavioral responses directed towards alleviating the threat or reducing fear. There are many different theoretical models of fear appeal messages. They include: the extended parallel process model, the drive theory, the subjective expected utility theory, the protection motivation theory, the health belief model, the theory of reasoned action, and the transtheoretical model. These models are widely used in substance abuse campaigns, sexual health programs, and many other general health contexts. The persuasive effect of fear appeals is thought to be influenced by several factors such as individual characteristics, self-efficacy, perception of norms, fear strength, perceived threat, perception of treatment efficacy, and defense mechanisms. Mixed results have been produced from studies that attempt to demonstrate the effectiveness of fear appeals for behavior modification, and a recent meta-analysis recommended extreme caution in the use of fear appeals.
  • 465
  • 30 Sep 2022
Topic Review
Fear Appeal Theory in Climate Change Communication
Although loss frames are strictly defined by their linguistic structure (i.e., conditional propositions with the structure “if not-then [undesired outcome]”) while fear appeals are more defined by their effects (i.e., the fear and perceived threat they elicit), the definitions of loss frames and fear appeals may largely be emphasizing different aspects of the same persuasive message, which may be understood with the same theory. If correct, fear appeal theory may offer an established and well-evidenced framework to guide goal-framing research and explain goal-framing effects in the sustainability domain.
  • 989
  • 04 Jul 2022
Topic Review
Fearsome Critters
In North American folklore, fearsome critters were tall tale animals jokingly said to inhabit the wilderness in or around logging camps, especially in the Great Lakes region. Today, the term may also be applied to similar fabulous beasts.
  • 778
  • 01 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Features, Topics, and Barriers in Scientific Collaboration
Collaboration is defined as “a joint effort towards a common goal”. Collaboration drives complexity in organizational problems and is the key to innovation at the intra- and inter-organizational levels. Exploring scientific collaboration in large groups implies exploring human, social, and organizational factors.
  • 255
  • 18 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Femicides in Honduras
The femicides in Honduras is a concept which designates the murders committed against women within the Central American country of Honduras since 1990. According to the Penal Code in force until 2018, the crime of feminicide is incurred, when a man or men kill a woman for reasons of gender, with hatred and contempt for her condition as a woman. Between 2002 and 2013 3,923 women were murdered in Honduras. The number of femicides makes up 9.6% of the total number of homicides in the country. In 2013, 53 women were killed every month and, as it occurs in the rest of murders, more than 90% of the cases have gone unpunished by the law. In many of these femicides, the women are also burned, raped, and tortured beforehand. Between 2010 and 2013 the number of femicides in Honduras increased by 65%. The local national authorities have been accused of inaction by the population, given that in many cases it has not been cleared the responsibility of said felonies. There are a few government and non-government organizations that provide support to the mothers and relatives of victims of femicide. In 2015, the Honduran government allocated 30 million Honduran lempiras to the creation of a special unit in the 2016 budget for femicide investigation.
  • 1.6K
  • 18 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Feminist Political Economy
Feminist political economy is a concept from feminist material scholarship.  It connects market relations with domestic relations. It examines the roles of women, tensions related to women’s paid and unpaid work, how production and reproduction issues affect women, and the interactions at the micro, meso, and macro level contexts within women's lives.  
  • 6.7K
  • 28 Oct 2020
Topic Review
Financial Inclusion through Digitalization for Industrial Pollution
As an emerging product of the coupling of digital technique and traditional finance, digital inclusive finance (DIF) may play a vital role in alleviating the contradiction between economic growth and environmental contamination. Digital inclusive finance is a significant path to enhance financial inclusion, which has an optimistic effect on economic development and people’s lives.
  • 299
  • 04 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Financial Stress and COVID-19
The COVID-19 pandemic presented a unique set of challenges for individuals, households, and policymakers, leaving people to grapple with a multitude of health-related concerns, reduced social interactions, drastic disruptions to daily routines, and looming financial uncertainties.
  • 260
  • 26 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Financial Technologies
Financial technology (fintech) is an emerging field where novel technologies are used to improve the business operations or services offered by financial institutions and enterprises. Artificial intelligence (AI), blockchain, and cloud services have caused process disruption, while big data enables greater customer acquisition and retention. Together, these technologies have enhanced the use of interactive fintech agents in finance.  
  • 240
  • 14 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Fine Motor Skill Development in Young Children
Fine motor skills (FMS) are fundamental for children’s growth, influencing their writing progress and everyday activities. Children's FMS are also assessed in their school readiness assessment, DIFER (Diagnostic System for Assessing Development) which is a widely used and standardized school readiness test in Hungary and some European countries. However, the development of these skills is a multifaceted process that is affected by various factors. Consequently, it becomes essential to comprehend the disparities in children’s fine motor skills (FMS) development and the predictive factors. 
  • 1.1K
  • 07 Oct 2023
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