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Topic Review Peer Reviewed
Social Cohesion: Definitions, Causes and Consequences
Viewed as the glue that binds societies, social cohesion is considered an essential ingredient to address common societal challenges. Definitions and associated conceptual frameworks usually summarise social cohesion as collective attributes and behaviours characterised by positive social relations, a sense of identification or belonging, and an orientation towards the common good. However, there are a large variety of definitions, and disagreement exists about what constitutes the core components, causes and consequences of social cohesion.
  • 861
  • 30 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Social Cohesion
Social cohesion refers to the degree of unity, solidarity, and social bonds within a society or community. It encompasses the sense of belonging, trust, and cooperation among individuals and groups, contributing to social stability, resilience, and well-being. Social cohesion is essential for fostering a harmonious and inclusive society where individuals can collaborate, support one another, and collectively address societal challenges.
  • 1.2K
  • 26 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Social Closure
Social closure refers to the process by which groups or social categories seek to establish and maintain boundaries to protect their privileged position and restrict access to resources, opportunities, or social status. This phenomenon involves mechanisms such as exclusion, discrimination, or credentialism, aimed at preserving the advantages of certain groups while limiting the mobility and opportunities of others. Social closure can manifest in various domains, including education, employment, and social institutions, contributing to social stratification and inequality within societies.
  • 616
  • 08 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Social Class
Social class refers to a hierarchical arrangement of individuals in a society based on factors such as economic status, occupation, education, and cultural capital. It delineates distinct social groups with varying levels of privilege, influencing access to resources, opportunities, and societal advantages.
  • 1.1K
  • 26 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Social Change
Social change refers to the transformation of societal structures, institutions, and behaviors over time. It involves shifts in values, norms, and practices that impact the way individuals and groups interact, ultimately influencing the broader dynamics of a society. Social change can result from various factors, including technological advancements, cultural evolution, political movements, and economic developments.
  • 346
  • 26 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Social Capital on Social Networking-Sites
Although social capital has been researched from many approaches and attempts have been made to measure it online, the literature lacks an operational description that would allow its measurement criteria to be established from a social network perspective. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to identify in the literature what metrics researchers use to measure Social Capital on social networking sites from a social network perspective. Thus, this contribution offers a theoretical description of the key elements for measuring social capital in social networking sites, which may be useful in subsequent studies
  • 667
  • 09 Sep 2021
Topic Review
Social Capital in Neighbourhood Renewal
In the new era of sustainable urban development, neighbourhood renewal has received increasing attention. Social capital, which can be defined as the value embedded in the relationship between residents, plays a significant role in the process of neighbourhood renewal. However, within the current neighbourhood renewal knowledge domain, there is a lack of clear and systematic understanding of the various components that make up social capital, how they are formed, and how they impact neighbourhood renewal. With the rise in neighbourhood renewal projects worldwide, it has become increasingly important to facilitate better knowledge in this area. 
  • 479
  • 30 Sep 2022
Topic Review
Social Capital and Walkability
Empirical evidence suggests that it is possible to socially renew neighbourhoods through the formation of social capital (SC) as an effect of walking. The characteristics of the built environment that influence walkability and SC have been relatively well established by previous research, but contrasts remain. Therefore, this document seeks to investigate the relationship between SC and walkability, through a Scoping Review of empirical studies published in indexed journals in the Web of Science and Scopus. The findings indicate that the formation of SC as an effect of walking is associated with land use and the design of neighbourhood facilities; the provision of urban furniture (benches) and green spaces; and that the design and configuration of the neighbourhoods affects SC even more than the excess density. In addition, the methodological strategies used to arrive at these results were reviewed. The conclusions suggest the need to study this issue from an updated perspective, where new neighbourhood interaction systems can be tracked (that provide new indicators), using advanced tools and technologies that help streamline and make measurements more objective.
  • 588
  • 23 Dec 2021
Topic Review
Social Capital
Social capital refers to the inherent value embedded in social relationships and networks. It encompasses the trust, reciprocity, and shared norms that facilitate cooperation and collaboration within a community or society. This concept underscores the importance of social connections in fostering collective well-being, economic development, and the overall functioning of human societies.
  • 310
  • 26 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Social Brain Perspectives on Neuroscience of Human Language
Human language and social cognition are two key disciplines that have traditionally been studied as separate domains. Nonetheless, an emerging view suggests an alternative perspective. Drawing on the theoretical underpinnings of the social brain hypothesis (thesis of the evolution of brain size and intelligence), the social complexity hypothesis (thesis of the evolution of communication), and empirical research from comparative animal behavior, human social behavior, language acquisition in children, social cognitive neuroscience, and the cognitive neuroscience of language, it is argued that social cognition and language are two significantly interconnected capacities of the human species. 
  • 115
  • 21 Feb 2024
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