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Topic Review
Genomics Improve Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Tomato Plant
Solanum lycopersicum L. (Solanaceae), generally known as tomato, is one of the most significant fruits that are nutritionally classified as a vegetable. It contains carotenoids (lycopene and carotene), phenolic compounds (flavonoids), vitamins (ascorbic acid, -tocopherol, vitamin A), glycoalkaloids (tomatine), and phytosterols (-sitosterol, campesterol, and stigmasterol).
  • 2.9K
  • 21 Apr 2023
Topic Review
Bacterial Biofilm Formation and Pathogenesis
Biofilm formation is an integral part of the microbial life cycle in nature. In food processing environments, bacterial transmissions occur primarily through raw or undercooked foods and by cross-contamination during unsanitary food preparation practices. Foodborne pathogens form biofilms as a survival strategy in various unfavorable environments, which also become a frequent source of recurrent contamination and outbreaks of foodborne illness.
  • 2.9K
  • 23 Sep 2021
Topic Review
Tayra
The Tayra (Eira barbara) is a sleek and agile carnivorous mammal native to the forests of Central and South America. Also known as the "tolomuco" or "tolomuco real," this elusive mustelid is characterized by its slender body, dark fur, and a distinctive, bushy tail.
  • 2.9K
  • 08 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Agrivoltaic Systems Design
An agrivoltaic system is a complex system, being, at least, a spatial, an energy and an agronomic system. Its design and assessment must adhere to requirements set depending on the project’s needs in order to meet desired performance quality objectives. Different dimensions of performance need to be taken into account.
  • 2.9K
  • 18 Nov 2021
Topic Review
Resistance in Powdery Mildew Fungi
Powdery mildew fungi (Erysiphales) are among the most common and important plant fungal pathogens. These fungi are obligate biotrophic parasites that attack nearly 10,000 species of angiosperms, including major crops, such as cereals and grapes. Although cultural and biological practices may reduce the risk of infection by powdery mildew, they do not provide sufficient protection. Therefore, in practice, chemical control, including the use of fungicides from multiple chemical groups, is the most effective tool for managing powdery mildew. Unfortunately, the risk of resistance development is high because typical spray programs include multiple applications per season. In addition, some of the most economically destructive species of powdery mildew fungi are considered to be high-risk pathogens and are able to develop resistance to several chemical classes within a few years. This situation has decreased the efficacy of the major fungicide classes, such as sterol demethylation inhibitors, quinone outside inhibitors and succinate dehydrogenase inhibitors, that are employed against powdery mildews.
  • 2.9K
  • 25 Sep 2020
Topic Review
Advantages and Disadvantages of Commercial Rootstocks for Peaches
Prunus is a genus from the Rosaceae family that encompasses about 230 species that are widely distributed across the world. Three-quarters of the Prunus species are native to Asia, Europe, and North America, and the remaining other species are native to the subtropical and tropical forests of Asia, Africa, South America, and Australia. The most common recent ancestor of Amygdalus was widespread from West Asia to Eastern Asia (China) ~50 million years ago, with a subsequent diversification into almonds in West Asia and peaches in Eastern Asia.
  • 2.9K
  • 15 Jul 2022
Topic Review
Algae as Potential Bio-Pesticides
The term algae encompasses a wide range of photosynthetic organisms that are found primarily in freshwater and marine environments, although certain representatives can thrive in terrestrial niches, either on their own or by developing symbiotic relationships with other organisms.
  • 2.9K
  • 10 Feb 2022
Topic Review
Fruit breeding ： pomegranate
Many fruit trees have been whole-genome sequenced, and these genomic resources provide us with valuable resources of genes related to interesting fruit traits (e.g., fruit color, size and taste) and help to facilitate the breeding progress. Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.), one economically important fruit crop, has attracted much attention for its multiple colors, sweet and sour taste, soft seed and nutraceutical properties. In recent years, the phylogenesis of pomegranate has been revised which belongs to Lythraceae. So far, three published pomegranate genomes including ‘Taishanhong’, ‘Tunisia’ and ‘Dabenzi’ have been released on NCBI with open availability. This article analyzed and compared the assembly and annotation of three published pomegranate genomes. We also analyzed the evolution-development of anthocyanin biosynthesis and discussed pomegranate population genetics for soft seed breeding. These provided some references for horticultural crop breeding on the basis of genomic resources, especially pomegranate.
  • 2.9K
  • 21 Jul 2020
Topic Review
Natural Fibers
Natural fibers are flexible filaments extracted from renewable sources, with complex properties due to the wide variations in the chemical and structural composition of cellulose, lignin, hemicellulose, fatty acids, pectins, and other structures linked by intermolecular hydrogen bonds and forces of Van der Waals forming microfibrils with parallel arrangement.
  • 2.8K
  • 17 Nov 2021
Topic Review
Gut Health of Poultry
“Gut health” refers to the physical state and physiological function of the gastrointestinal tract and in the livestock system; this topic is often focused on the complex interacting components of the intestinal system that influence animal growth performance and host-microbial homeostasis.
  • 2.8K
  • 25 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Nuda
Nuda is a class of ctenophores or comb jellies. The class contains a single family, Beroidae, with two genera, Beroe and Neis, and the group is more commonly referred to as the "beroids". They are distinguished from other comb jellies by the complete absence of tentacles, in both juvenile and adult stages. Beroe is found in all the world's oceans and seas, and the monotypic Neis occurs only near Australia; all beroids are free-swimmers that form part of the plankton.
  • 2.8K
  • 19 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Biogenic amines in Fish
The occurrence of biogenic amines in fish is directly associated with microorganisms with decarboxylase activity. These compounds are generally detoxified by oxidases in the intestinal tract of humans, but some conditions, such as alcohol consumption, enzyme deficiency, or monoamino-oxidase antidepressant use, can make their intake by food dangerous. Due to its toxicity, histamine is a unique biogenic amine with regulatory limits for fishery products. This review focuses on biogenic amines in fish, with a detailed picture of the number of alert notifications or intoxication events reported in the last years. The favoring conditions for their formation, as well as the main preventive and control measures to ensure public health, are also reviewed.
  • 2.8K
  • 18 Dec 2020
Topic Review
CNN in Leaf Disease Classification
Crop production can be greatly reduced due to various diseases, which seriously endangers food security. Thus, detecting plant diseases accurately is necessary and urgent. Traditional classification methods, such as naked-eye observation and laboratory tests, have many limitations, such as being time consuming and subjective. Currently, deep learning (DL) methods, especially those based on convolutional neural network (CNN), have gained widespread application in plant disease classification. They have solved or partially solved the problems of traditional classification methods and represent state-of-the-art technology in this field.
  • 2.8K
  • 12 Aug 2021
Topic Review
Grain Number per Panicle
Rice grain yield is a complex trait determined by three components: panicle number, grain number per panicle (GNPP) and grain weight. GNPP is the major contributor to grain yield and is crucial for its improvement. GNPP is determined by a series of physiological and biochemical steps, including inflorescence development, formation of rachis branches such as primary rachis branches and secondary rachis branches, and spikelet specialisation (lateral and terminal spikelets).
  • 2.7K
  • 06 Apr 2021
Topic Review
Arctic Fox
The Arctic Fox (Vulpes lagopus) is a captivating species uniquely adapted to the harsh Arctic tundra and coastal habitats of the Northern Hemisphere. Renowned for its pristine white fur in winter and gray-brown coat in summer, the Arctic Fox is a master of camouflage in its icy environment. Endowed with specialized behaviors and physical adaptations, such as a thick fur coat, compact body size, and keen hunting skills, the Arctic Fox thrives in one of the most extreme and challenging environments on Earth.
  • 2.7K
  • 08 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Spotted Hyena
The Spotted Hyena (Crocuta crocuta) is a highly social carnivore native to sub-Saharan Africa, distinguished by its distinctive spotted coat, powerful build, and unique vocalizations. Renowned for its strength and adaptability, the Spotted Hyena is one of Africa's most successful predators, utilizing its keen sense of smell, strong jaws, and endurance to hunt a wide range of prey, from small mammals to large ungulates. Despite misconceptions about its scavenging habits, the Spotted Hyena is an efficient hunter, capable of taking down prey much larger than itself through coordinated group hunting tactics.
  • 2.7K
  • 08 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Egyptian Honeybee
The Egyptian honeybee (Apis mellifera lamarckii) is one of the honeybee subspecies known for centuries since the ancient Egypt civilization. The subspecies of the Egyptian honeybee is distinguished by certain traits of appearance and behavior that were well-adapted to the environment and unique in a way that it is resistant to bee diseases, such as the Varroa disease. The subspecies is different than those found in Europe and is native to southern Egypt.
  • 2.7K
  • 21 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Seaweed Extracts
The use of seaweed-based bioproducts has been gaining momentum in crop production systems owing to their unique bioactive components and effects. They have phytostimulatory properties that result in increased plant growth and yield parameters in several important crop plants. They have phytoelicitor activity as their components evoke defense responses in plants that contribute to resistance to several pests, diseases, and abiotic stresses including drought, salinity, and cold. 
  • 2.7K
  • 01 Jul 2021
Topic Review
Capybara (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris)
The capybara (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris) is a large, semi-aquatic mammal native to South America, recognized for its sociable behavior, robust physical form, and distinctive appearance. As the largest living rodent species, the capybara typically inhabits wetlands, riverbanks, and grasslands throughout the continent, ranging from Colombia and Venezuela to Argentina and Uruguay. It plays a significant ecological role in its native habitat and is closely associated with freshwater environments due to its need for access to water for survival and feeding. The capybara has garnered attention in recent years due to its distinctive social structure and behaviors, as well as its relatively calm disposition when interacting with humans and other species.
  • 2.7K
  • 08 Jul 2025
Topic Review
Brassica oleracea
Brassica oleracea L. is an important vegetable, fodder, and ornamental diploid (2n = 18) species which belongs to the genus Brassica and mustard family Brassicaceae Burnett. B. oleracea probably originates from the Western Mediterranean region, Great Britain and Northern-Central China.
  • 2.7K
  • 06 Jan 2021
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