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Topic Review
Drone Fault Detection Based on Failure Mode Databases
Drones have become an indispensable component of modern equipment systems, and as the number of components in these systems continues to increase, so does their complexity. Consequently, the requirements for system quality—particularly reliability, maintainability, and functionality—are also becoming increasingly stringent. Sensor data fusion, fault detection, fault-tolerant estimation, and fault-tolerant control are all important means of ensuring UAV safety. Among these methods, researchers tend to place particular emphasis on fault detection, which can be broadly divided into two categories: model-based approaches and data-driven approache.
  • 1.0K
  • 07 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Artificial Intelligence in Aviation: NextGen for NextTech
The rapid advancement and adoption of artificial intelligence technologies are fundamentally transforming the landscape of the aviation industry. From flight planning to aircraft maintenance, AI-driven tools like machine learning, natural language processing, and computer vision are being integrated across nearly every aspect of modern aviation. While AI innovation holds great promise for augmenting human capabilities and enhancing safety and efficiency, it also poses new challenges for aviation education and training. This paradigm shift requires aviation professionals to possess competencies in emerging technologies and their applications in order to be effective in increasingly AI-mediated work environments. An analytical methodology and competency framework is provided to help educators address this gap. Producing graduates equipped with AI literacy and collaboration skills will be key to aviation’s intelligent future.
  • 1.0K
  • 24 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Ariane Flight VA241
Ariane flight VA241 was an Ariane 5 space launch that occurred from the Guiana Space Centre on 25 January 2018 at 22:20 UTC.
  • 1.0K
  • 14 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Active Noise Control Technology
Reducing noise radiation via passive control may have adverse effects on the aerodynamic performance. Therefore, an alternative approach is to design the vehicle with some passive control built-in the design, which should be optimized for regular flight operations then engage active noise control (ANC) only in particular situations when the noise temporarily increases above the allowable level as in the vicinity of vertiport.
  • 1.0K
  • 02 Mar 2023
Topic Review
Monitoring of Micro Drill Bit Automatic Regrinding
High-precision systems such as the automatic regrinding in-line equipment provide intelligent regrinding of micro drill bits; however, immediate monitoring of the grinder during the grinding process has become necessary because ignoring it directly affects the drill bit’s life and the equipment’s overall utility. Vibration signals from the frame and the high-speed grinding wheels reflect the different health stages of the grinding wheel and can be exploited for intelligent condition monitoring. 
  • 1.0K
  • 20 Jun 2022
Topic Review
DRL-Based Load-Balancing Routing Scheme for 6G Space–Air–Ground Integrated-Networks
Due to the rapid development of air-ground integrated network (SAGIN), satellite communication systems have the advantages of wide coverage and low geographical environment requirements, and are gradually becoming the main competitive technology of 6G. Low Earth orbit (LEO) satellite network has the characteristics of low transmission delay, low propagation loss and global coverage, and its exploration has become the main research object of contemporary satellite communication.
  • 1.0K
  • 20 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Topology Optimisation Methods for Satellite Structures
Launching satellites into the Earth’s orbit is a critical area of research, and very demanding satellite services increase exponentially as modern society takes shape. At the same time, the costs of developing and launching satellite missions with shorter development times increase the requirements of novel approaches in the several engineering areas required to build, test, launch, and operate satellites in the Earth’s orbit, as well as in orbits around other celestial bodies. One area with the potential to save launching costs is that of the structural integrity of satellites, particularly in the launching phase where the largest vibrations due to the rocket motion and subsequent stresses could impact the survival ability of the satellite. To address this problem, two important areas of engineering join together to provide novel, complete, and competitive solutions: topology optimisation methods and additive manufacturing. Topology optimisation methods are mathematical methods that allow iteratively optimising structures (usually by decreasing mass) while improving some structural properties depending on the application (load capacity, for instance), through the maximisation or minimisation of a uni- or multi-objective function and multiple types of algorithms. This area has been widely active in general and has two main core types of algorithms: continuum methods that modify continuous parameters such as density, and discrete methods that work by adding and deleting material elements in a meshing context. 
  • 980
  • 15 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Lunar Escape Systems
Lunar Escape Systems (LESS) were a series of emergency vehicles designed for never-flown long-duration Apollo missions. Because these missions were even more hypothetical than the planned cancelled Apollo missions, the designs were never constructed. This concept was an outgrowth of the Lunar Flying Vehicle designed by Bell Aerospace (a lunar surface mobility design that was cancelled in favor of the less risky Lunar Rover).
  • 962
  • 31 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Additive Manufacturing Applications at the Microscale
Additive manufacturing (AM) technology has been researched and developed for almost three decades. Microscale AM is one of the fastest-growing fields of research within the AM area. Considerable progress has been made in the development and commercialization of new and innovative microscale AM processes, as well as several practical applications in a variety of fields. However, there are still significant challenges that exist in terms of design, available materials, processes, and the ability to fabricate true three-dimensional structures and systems at a microscale. For instance, microscale AM fabrication technologies are associated with certain limitations and constraints due to the scale aspect, which may require the establishment and use of specialized design methodologies in order to overcome them.
  • 951
  • 30 May 2022
Topic Review
Complex flow and heat transfer characteristics in microchannels
Continuously improving heat transfer efficiency is one of the important goals in the energy field. Compact heat exchangers characterized by microscale flow and heat transfer have successfully provided solutions for this purpose. However, as the characteristic scale of the channels decreases, the flow and heat transfer characteristics may differ from those at the conventional scale. When considering the influence of scale effects and changes in special fluid properties, the flow and heat transfer process becomes more complex. The conclusions of the relevant studies have not been unified, and there are even disagreements in some aspects. Therefore, further research is needed to obtain a sufficient understanding of flow structure and heat transfer mechanisms in microchannels. There are a lot of research about microscale flow and heat transfer, focusing on the flow and heat transfer mechanisms in microchannels, which is elaborated into the following two perspectives: one is the microscale single-phase flow and heat transfer that only considers the influence of scale effects, the other is the special heat transfer phenomena brought about by the coupling of microscale flow with special fluids (fluid with phase change (pseudophase change)). The microscale flow and heat transfer mechanisms under the influence of multiple factors, including scale effects (such as rarefaction, surface roughness, axial heat conduction, and compressibility) and special fluids, are investigated, which can meet the specific needs for the design of various microscale heat exchangers.
  • 950
  • 03 Aug 2023
Topic Review
YOLOv8 in a WSN Using UAV Aerial Photography
Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have a significant and long-lasting impact on numerous fields that affect all facets of our lives, including governmental, civil, and military applications. WSNs contain sensor nodes linked together via wireless communication links that need to relay data instantly or subsequently.
  • 931
  • 24 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Northover Projector
The Projector, 2.5 inch—more commonly known as the Northover Projector—was an ad hoc anti-tank weapon used by the British Army and Home Guard during the Second World War. With a German invasion of Great Britain seeming likely after the defeat in the Battle of France, most available weaponry was diverted to the regular British Army, leaving the Home Guard short on supplies, particularly anti-tank weaponry. The Northover Projector was designed by Home Guard officer Robert Harry Northover to act as a makeshift anti-tank weapon, and was put into production in 1940 following a demonstration to the Prime Minister, Winston Churchill. The weapon consisted of a hollow metal tube attached to a tripod, with a rudimentary breech at one end. Rounds were fired with the use of black powder ignited by a standard musket percussion cap, and it had an effective range of between 100 and 150 yards. Although it was cheap and easy to manufacture, it did have several problems; it was difficult to move and the No. 76 Special Incendiary Grenades it used as one type of ammunition had a tendency to break inside the breech, damaging the weapon and injuring the crew. Production began in late 1940, and by the beginning of 1943 nearly 19,000 were in service. Like many obsolete Home Guard weapons, it was eventually replaced by other weapons, such as the 2-pounder anti-tank gun.
  • 930
  • 01 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Space Activity Suit
A space activity suit (SAS) or mechanical counterpressure suit is an experimental spacesuit which applies stable pressure against the skin by means of skintight elastic garments. The SAS is not inflated like a conventional spacesuit: it uses mechanical pressure, rather than air pressure, to compress the human body in low-pressure environments. Development was begun by NASA and the Air Force in the late 1950s and then again in the late 1960s, but neither design was used. Research is under way at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) on a "Bio-Suit" System which is based on the original SAS concept.
  • 921
  • 03 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Magnetospheric Multiscale Mission
The Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS) Mission is a NASA robotic space mission to study the Earth's magnetosphere, using four identical spacecraft flying in a tetrahedral formation. The spacecraft were launched on 13 March 2015 at 02:44 UTC. The mission is designed to gather information about the microphysics of magnetic reconnection, energetic particle acceleration, and turbulence⁠—processes that occur in many astrophysical plasmas. As of March 2020, the MMS spacecraft have enough fuel to remain operational until 2040.
  • 903
  • 01 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Luna 17
LOK Luna 17 (Ye-8 series) was an unmanned space mission of the Luna program, also called Lunik 17. It deployed the first robotic rover onto the surface of the Moon.
  • 896
  • 17 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Vostok 3
Vostok 3 (Russian: Восток-3, Orient 3 or East 3) was a spaceflight of the Soviet space program intended to determine the ability of the human body to function in conditions of weightlessness and test the endurance of the Vostok 3KA spacecraft over longer flights. Cosmonaut Andriyan Nikolayev orbited the Earth 64 times over nearly four days in space, August 11–15, 1962, a feat which would not be matched by NASA until the Gemini program (1965–1966). Vostok 3 and Vostok 4 were launched a day apart on trajectories that brought the spacecraft within approximately 6.5 km (4.0 mi) of one another. The cosmonauts aboard the two capsules also communicated with each other via radio, the first ship-to-ship communications in space. These missions marked the first time that more than one crewed spacecraft was in orbit at the same time, giving Soviet mission controllers the opportunity to learn to manage this scenario.
  • 891
  • 21 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Airframe In-Service Pitting Corrosion
Pitting corrosion is a major maintenance problem for aircraft aluminium alloys, and is also a problem for other materials. It has been considered that some service examples of corrosion-induced pitting or cracks exposed to service environments. These examples support the contention that fatigue crack growth, which is mainly due to in-flight dynamic loads, is not significantly influenced by the environment, unlike the largely static exposure on the ground.
  • 884
  • 22 Jun 2022
Topic Review
SMILE (Satellite)
Solar wind Magnetosphere Ionosphere Link Explorer (SMILE) is a planned joint venture mission between the European Space Agency and the Chinese Academy of Sciences. SMILE will image for the first time the magnetosphere in soft X-rays and UV during up to 40 hours per orbit, improving our understanding of the dynamic interaction between the solar wind and Earth's magnetosphere. The prime science questions of the SMILE mission are Launch is expected in November 2023.
  • 867
  • 21 Oct 2022
Topic Review
List of Proton Launches (2010–Present)
This is a list of launches made by the Proton-M rocket between 2010 and 2019. All launches were conducted from the Baikonur Cosmodrome.
  • 867
  • 21 Nov 2022
Biography
Ernst Friedrich Wilhelm Klinkerfues
Ernst Friedrich Wilhelm Klinkerfues (29 March 1827 in Hofgeismar – 28 January 1884 in Göttingen) was a German astronomer. Klinkerfues was born in Hofgeismar, the son of army doctor Johann Reinhard Klinkerfues and his wife Sabine (née Dedolph).[1] After the early death of his parents, he was brought up by relatives, and after attending high school qualified as a surveyor in Kassel. In this
  • 846
  • 08 Dec 2022
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