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Topic Review
Cooperative Learning
Cooperative learning is an educational approach which aims to organize classroom activities into academic and social learning experiences. . There is much more to cooperative learning than merely arranging students into groups, and it has been described as "structuring positive interdependence." Students must work in groups to complete tasks collectively toward academic goals. Unlike individual learning, which can be competitive in nature, students learning cooperatively can capitalize on one another's resources and skills (asking one another for information, evaluating one another's ideas, monitoring one another's work, etc.). Furthermore, the teacher's role changes from giving information to facilitating students' learning. Everyone succeeds when the group succeeds. Ross and Smyth (1995) describe successful cooperative learning tasks as intellectually demanding, creative, open-ended, and involve higher order thinking tasks. Cooperative learning has also been linked to increased levels of student satisfaction. Five essential elements are identified for the successful incorporation of cooperative learning in the classroom: According to Johnson and Johnson's meta-analysis, students in cooperative learning settings compared to those in individualistic or competitive learning settings, achieve more, reason better, gain higher self-esteem, like classmates and the learning tasks more and have more perceived social support.
  • 1.9K
  • 27 Oct 2022
Topic Review
ICTs for Education during COVID-19
The educational field has experienced a significant variation with the inclusion of information and communication technologies (ICTs), applying a wide range of tools, from drones, for the explanation of theoretical ideas, to virtual learning environments and virtual realities. These tools and multidisciplinary structures have given more flexibility, adaptability, and dynamics to the education system. The educational structures tend to include ICTs with a higher compliance capacity, accessibility, and end-user attractiveness. Additionally, the utilization of virtual realities via mobile devices and headsets is increasing, as they allow the immersion and acquiring of theoretical or practical skills. In mid-2020, the pandemic of COVID-19 forced the higher institutions (HEIs) to include several ICTs and to move to online teaching, trying to guarantee the continuity and quality in their teaching process.
  • 1.9K
  • 22 Jun 2021
Topic Review
London School of Economics Gaddafi Links
The affair of the LSE Libya Links refers to the various connections that existed between the London School of Economics and Political Science (LSE) and the Libyan government and its leader Muammar Gaddafi and his son Saif al-Islam Gaddafi. The NGO Gaddafi Foundation pledged to donate £1.5 million over five years to a research centre, LSE Global Governance, of which £300k were paid. In addition, LSE Enterprise established a contract worth £2.2 million to train Libyan officials. In 2008, the LSE granted a PhD degree to Saif al-Islam Gaddafi, the son of the Libyan leader, for a dissertation. Currently, allegations circulate that Gaddafi's thesis was ghost-written and/or plagiarised. In December 2010, Muammar Gaddafi addressed members of the School in a video link-up where he was addressed as "Brother Leader" and received an LSE cap previously given to Nelson Mandela. In connection with the civil uprising in Libya in February and March 2011, the links between LSE and the Gaddafi regime, and the conduct of individual members of LSE's staff, came increasingly to be questioned. As a result of the revelations, the LSE's Director, Sir Howard Davies, resigned on 3 March 2011, citing "errors of judgement". In a New York Times op-ed piece on 7 March 2011, Roger Cohen wrote, in reference to events that had transpired at the School, "It may be possible to sink to greater depths but right now I can't think how. ...The Arab Spring is also a Western Winter. ...How did we back, use and encourage the brutality of Arab dictators over so many years? To what degree did that cynical encouragement of despots foster the very jihadist rage Western societies sought to curb?"
  • 1.9K
  • 10 Oct 2022
Topic Review Peer Reviewed
Formative Assessment and Educational Benefits
Evaluation in education is a complex and multifaceted process, linked to teaching and planning. It represents a powerful tool for regulating behaviors, refining actions, and adapting educational interventions to the specific context in which they are implemented. In this evaluation framework, the work aims to highlight the educational value of assessment, considered a moment in which both the teacher and the student are involved in the teaching-learning process. In particular, formative assessment allows you to find essential information to understand the progress of the actions implemented, highlighting strengths and weaknesses to intervene in educational planning. In this sense, it becomes a valid support for both teachers and students as it allows them to monitor the progress of the teaching/learning process. The work is divided into two parts: the first is theoretical, in which the transition from the assessment of learning (summative) to the assessment for learning (formative) is presented; the second is focused on formative assessment and feedback practices. From a methodological perspective, the literature review emphasizes the potential of assessment that involves students both as recipients and active participants through peer assessment. The paper highlights potential and challenges aimed at improving and experimenting with ways to enhance evaluation competence, which prepares students for professional life.
  • 1.9K
  • 22 May 2025
Topic Review
Virtual Reality and Language Learning
Although VR technology can provide an ideal learning and application environment for learners’ language skill acquisition, the learning performance of different types of learners in virtual environments and differences in their knowledge transfer ability from the virtual to the real environment still need further discussion. In addition, the cognitive style and test environment have an impact on the effect of VR-based oral learning. 
  • 1.9K
  • 12 Nov 2021
Topic Review
Mathematics Enrichment Program
The mathematics enrichment activities aim to provide students with a stimulating mathematical experience, promote positive attitudes, raise the level of achievement, and contribute to efforts to enhance, generalize, and increase the general understanding of mathematics.
  • 1.8K
  • 26 Jan 2024
Topic Review
VR/AR in K-12 Science Education
virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR) are increasingly capturing educators’ and learners’ attention. In particular, VR is defined as a real-time graphical simulation in which the user interacts with the system via analog control, within a spatial frame of reference and with user control of the viewpoint’s motion and view direction. It first appeared in 1966 and was used in the design of US Air Force Flight Simulator. Developed from VR, AR is a technology used for improving users’ perception of the real world by dynamically adding virtual elements to the physical environment. It made its debut in the 1990s, which was initially proposed by scientists from Boeing, an aircraft manufacturer, where they mixed virtual graphics with real environment displays to help aircraft electricians assemble cables.
  • 1.8K
  • 08 Dec 2021
Topic Review
School Design on Users’ Responses
This systematic review focused on the effect of the educational environment design on students’ and teachers’ performance, satisfaction, and wellbeing. Starting from a bulk of 1307 articles, a set of N = 68 empirical papers was selected and organized on the basis of four different content clusters, i.e., architectural building design and aesthetic features, indoor environmental features, classroom design, and school green spaces/outdoor spaces. From the analysis of research findings, the key role of pleasant, warm, and flexible learning environments emerged, for promoting both wellbeing and performance of users. More specifically, the presence of charming colors and pictures, ergonomic furniture, and adequate acoustic, thermal comfort, ventilation, and natural lighting have emerged as important features that school designers should care for. Furthermore, an integration of both indoor and outdoor learning situations showed to be effective for improving students’ learning and wellbeing.
  • 1.8K
  • 29 Oct 2020
Topic Review Peer Reviewed
Special Educational Needs Prevalence in Irish-Immersion Schools
For the purposes of this entry, special educational needs (SEN) refers to a condition where a student requires additional support to access education due to a disability, learning difficulty, or other developmental challenges. In this entry, an overview is provided of the prevalence of and categories of SEN in Irish-immersion primary and post-primary schools across the island of Ireland. This entry examines the prevalence and categories of SEN in Irish-immersion (IM) primary and post-primary schools across the island of Ireland. With immersion education playing a significant role in fostering bilingual proficiency, understanding SEN prevalence within these settings is critical for ensuring inclusive educational practices. The entry analyses trends over the past two decades in SEN prevalence, highlighting an increase in SEN identification, particularly in IM post-primary schools. It also explores regional disparities, comparing Gaeltacht and IM schools outside of the Gaeltacht, as well as differences between IM and English-medium education sectors. Factors such as socio-economic disadvantage, diagnostic advancements, and policy developments are considered when interpreting SEN trends. The findings contribute to the limited international research on SEN prevalence in immersion education and offer insights into recommendations in the areas of policy and practice to further support students with diverse learning needs in bilingual settings.
  • 1.8K
  • 03 Jul 2025
Topic Review
Engineering Doctorate
The Doctor of Engineering, or Engineering Doctorate, (abbreviated Eng.D., D.Eng., D.Engr., Dr.Eng., or Dr.-Ing.) is a degree awarded on the basis of advanced study and research in engineering and applied sciences. In most countries, it is a terminal research doctorate. A DEng/EngD is equivalent to a PhD in engineering, but different in that it has a solid industrial base and an additional taught element. The DEng/EngD along with the PhD represents the highest academic qualification in engineering, and the successful completion of either in engineering is generally required to gain employment as a full-time, tenure-track university professor or postdoctoral researcher in the field. Individuals can use the academic title doctor, which is often represented via the English honorific "Dr”. DEng/EngD candidates submit a significant project, typically referred to as a thesis or praxis, consisting of a body of original applied research that may be in principle worthy of publication in a peer-reviewed journal. Candidates must defend this work before a panel of expert examiners called a thesis or dissertation committee.
  • 1.8K
  • 06 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Factors Influencing Choices Intention of Online Learning COVID-19
Since the COVID-19 outbreak, online learning has become the norm. Primary school students require parental assistance and supervision due to their lack of digital media capabilities and safety concerns. Online learning experiences during the pandemic will affect future parents' choices of online learning, so it is necessary to further clarify the key factors influencing parents' perceptions and attitudes towards online learning during the pandemic. In the post-pandemic era, blended learning, which combines traditional school learning with online learning, is likely to become a common and acceptable way of learning, and parents may face multiple choices of their parents' way of learning.
  • 1.8K
  • 27 Jul 2022
Topic Review
Deep and Meaningful E-Learning
Deep and meaningful e-learning should be an essential outcome of quality education.
  • 1.8K
  • 25 Mar 2021
Topic Review
Mobile Learning for Refugees
The mass influx of refugees into Europe since 2013 and their educational challenges have increased the need for high-quality refugee education. One proposal for addressing these challenges was to leverage mobile devices for educational purposes (mobile learning). .By surveying the literature, the present paper concludes that mobile learning seems beneficial for refugees in two ways: providing refugees access to education and improving the quality of the provided refugee education. However, it is not a one-solution-fits-all regarding their education. 
  • 1.8K
  • 25 Jan 2021
Topic Review
Gamified Learning Environments
Gamification along with a whole range of other active methodologies are being incorporated into university classrooms due to their potential benefits for student learning.
  • 1.8K
  • 12 May 2022
Topic Review
Personalized Learning
Personalized learning, individualized instruction, personal learning environment and direct instruction all refer to efforts to tailor education to meet the different needs of students.
  • 1.8K
  • 31 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Early Childhood Education in China
Early childhood education (ECE) in China has become complex and multi-dimensional. Chinese parents/caregivers are actively involved in ECE.
  • 1.8K
  • 13 Oct 2021
Topic Review
Mobile Learning
Abstract: Mobile phones have become widespread in the modern era. One contemporary use of mobile phones is in the education field, commonly known as M-Learning. Subsequent to the growth of M-Learning, developers of educational mobile applications need to understand what the user requirements are, and how to satisfy them. In order to measure user satisfaction while engaging with mobiles aslearning tools, manymodelshavebeencreatedusingtheUnifiedTheoryofAcceptanceand Use of Technology, and other models such as the Technology Acceptance Model. However, none of these has focused on the technical factors affecting the users’ intentions to use their mobile phones as learning tools. Due to technical limitations, as well as human psychology, mobile phone learning remains limited to an assistance-only function. This paper presents a review of studies that have been used to measure users’ intentions of engaging with mobile phones as learning tools. One hundred and twenty-seven papers have been reviewed, dating from 2011 to 2020. These papers differ in terms of methodology and results collected. Results showed that many models had been extended by adding factors such as trust, pre-usage or attitude. Moreover, this review concludes that almost none of the above-mentioned studies had identified precisely the technical factors that may affect the intention of using this type of technology in education. However, when classifying the influential factors of M-Learning, almost none of the studies discussed the advantages of the technical aspect in imparting knowledge through mobile learning. This study is significant for the education industry in its identification of the relative importance of these factors where mobiles are involved in the learning process. In addition, it provides a brief history of the involvement of technology in education.
  • 1.8K
  • 10 Feb 2021
Topic Review
List of Autodidacts
This is a list of notable autodidacts which includes people who have been partially or wholly self-taught.
  • 1.8K
  • 25 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Detrimental Effects of School Corporal Punishment on Children
School corporal punishment (SCP) is still a widely used and legal practice in many countries for disciplining children. The infliction of SCP upon children is associated with externalizing behavior problems, internalizing behavior problems, and reduced school performance. Awareness of its detrimental effects is needed to make the school environment a safe place for all children across the world.
  • 1.7K
  • 18 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Engineering Students’ Difficulties with Math Courses
The discussion about first-year engineering students’ difficulties in mathematics is continuous in the fields of engineering, mathematics and higher education. The present research aimed to examine the initial barriers academic math teachers need to have in mind if they want to improve students’ performance in engineering math courses through appropriate teaching practices in order to face their initial interindividual differences.
  • 1.7K
  • 01 Sep 2023
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