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Topic Review
Possibilities and Opportunities in the Indian Steel Industry
Demand for iron ore has been increasing with the increased production of iron and steel in developing countries such as India and China. However, the quality of iron ore has deteriorated over the years globally due to long-term mining. The low-grade iron requires beneficiation before agglomerating for use in the iron-making process. The iron ore interlocked with silica and alumina has to be liberated for efficient beneficiation.
  • 1.8K
  • 22 Apr 2022
Topic Review
The Syngameon Enigma
When a group of three or more species are connected by hybridization, they form a syngameon.
  • 1.8K
  • 20 Apr 2022
Topic Review
Applications of Plant Genome Sequencing
The genome sequence of any organism is key to understanding the biology and utility of that organism. Plants have diverse, complex and sometimes very large nuclear genomes, mitochondrial genomes and much smaller and more highly conserved chloroplast genomes. Plant genome sequences underpin our understanding of plant biology and serve as a key platform for the genetic selection and improvement of crop plants to achieve food security.
  • 1.8K
  • 22 Jul 2022
Topic Review
Digital Media for Behavior Change
Digital media are omnipresent in modern life, but the science on the impact of digital media on behavior is still in its infancy. There is an emerging evidence base of how to use digital media for behavior change. Strategies to change behavior implemented using digital technology have included a variety of platforms and program strategies, all of which are potentially more effective with increased frequency, intensity, interactivity, and feedback. It is critical to accelerate the pace of research on digital platforms, including social media, to understand and address its effects on human behavior. 
  • 1.8K
  • 30 Sep 2022
Topic Review
Full Cell Battery Metrics for LiNixMnyCozO2 Compositions
Among the current battery technologies, lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are essential in shaping future energy landscapes in stationary storage and e-mobility. Among all components, choosing active cathode material (CAM) limits a cell’s available energy density (Wh kg−1), and the CAM selection becomes critical. Layered Lithium transition metal oxides, primarily, LiNixMnyCozO2 (NMC) (x + y + z = 1), represent a prominent class of cathode materials for LIBs due to their high energy density and capacity. The battery performance metrics of NMC cathodes vary according to the different ratios of transition metals in the CAM. NMC are very popular as transition metal oxide cathodes. The percentage of elements present in the composition can vary in physical and chemical properties. The entry gives you an on-shelf data for the full cell battery metrics of NMC cathodes with reported anodes, electrolytes and electrolyte additives.
  • 1.8K
  • 06 Apr 2023
Topic Review
Bioaccessibility and Bioavailability of Carotenoids
The bioaccessibility of a carotenoid is defined as the maximum quantity of a carotenoid released from the food matrix that is available to be absorbed in the epithelial cells of the intestine. The fraction of an ingested compound that enters the bloodstream and performs its physiological functions is the definition of the bioavailability of a carotenoid.
  • 1.8K
  • 06 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Multi-Omics Integration for Design of Novel Therapies
Multi-omics is a cutting-edge approach that combines data from different biomolecular levels, such as DNA, RNA, proteins, metabolites, and epigenetic marks, to obtain a holistic view of how living systems work and interact. Multi-omics has been used for various purposes in biomedical research, such as identifying new diseases, discovering new drugs, personalizing treatments, and optimizing therapies.
  • 1.8K
  • 06 Nov 2023
Topic Review Peer Reviewed
Physician Burnout: Historical Context, Psychosomatic Division, Evolution, Results, Solutions, and Recommendations
Physician burnout is a psychosomatic syndrome that arises from feeling overwhelmed with confronting issues in those with dedication or commitment to their job. It presents with emotional, mental, and physical fatigue that negatively influences patient treatment decisions and care, representing a primary occupational hazard affecting a significant number of these healthcare providers at some point in their career such that there is an urgency to the need for improvement.
  • 1.8K
  • 06 Jun 2025
Topic Review
June 18: Battle of Waterloo
The Battle of Waterloo was a decisive military engagement fought on June 18, 1815, near the village of Waterloo in present-day Belgium. It marked the final defeat of Napoleon Bonaparte, who had returned from exile for a brief and tumultuous period known as the Hundred Days. The battle saw the combined forces of the Seventh Coalition, led by the Duke of Wellington and Prussian Field Marshal Gebhard Leberecht von Blücher, defeat the French army under Napoleon. This clash not only ended the Napoleonic Wars but also reshaped the geopolitical landscape of Europe for decades to come.
  • 1.8K
  • 18 Jun 2025
Topic Review
Micronutrients and Athletic Performance
To examine the effects of micronutrient intake on athletic performance and (ii) to determine the specific micronutrients, such as vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants, that offer the most significant enhancements in terms of athletic performance, with the goal of providing guidance to athletes and coaches in optimizing their nutritional strategies.
  • 1.8K
  • 07 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Effect of Surjection on Inheritance
Consider a biological evolutionary process.  We assume some (non-empty) finite set of offspring.  Assume each offspring is assigned as coming from a single set of parents in the previous generation.  There may be more than one offspring from each of set of parents.  This form of mathematical arrangement is called a surjection.   We have briefly described the mechanics of genetics; but we have also described much of mathematical anthropology.   The finding that a process is a surjection does not just describe the algebra, it also predicts important results.  If we have found an inheritance process is a surjection, then each of the offspring is unique, but all of the acts of parental pairs must occur through identical (including isomorphic) means of reproduction; in fact here they require mathematical groups.  We demonstrate from published surveys that all offspring are unique.  Mathematical groups occur in both applications, determining the choices behind parental actions.  The surjection requirements are met in genetics because the mathematics are determined by the mathematical groups determined by quantum mechanics.  In culture theory, similar (and in some cases, isomorphic) groups occur.  Quantum mechanics is usually discussed for very small objects with incredibly short process intervals.  Here, the intervals of reproduction are observable within normal human perception, and for human cultural systems require decades of time for one generation system to be replaced by another.  In genetics, counting of the number of offspring from each pair of “parents” is the actual number of offspring surviving from each pair to reproduce.  Each human culture has its own means of assigning offspring to parental pairs, which may include their surviving genetic offspring, but also may use culturally designated devices such as adoption.  Since surjection also requires that distributions might be forecasted using the Stirling Number of the Second Kind, that result allows culture theory to predict the numbers of offspring per assigned couple, and the percentage of adults engaging in that reproduction.  
  • 1.8K
  • 23 Dec 2020
Topic Review
Sensors Used in Water Monitoring
Water monitoring sensors in industrial, municipal and environmental monitoring are advancing our understanding of science, aid developments in process automatization and control and support real-time decisions in emergency situations. Sensors are becoming smaller, smarter, increasingly specialized and diversified and cheaper. Advanced deployment platforms now exist to support various monitoring needs together with state-of-the-art power and communication capabilities. For a large percentage of submerged instrumentation, biofouling is the single biggest factor affecting the operation, maintenance and data quality. This increases the cost of ownership to the extent that it is prohibitive to maintain operational sensor networks and infrastructures. In this context, the paper provides a brief overview of biofouling, including the development and properties of biofilms. The state-of-the-art established and emerging antifouling strategies are reviewed and discussed. 
  • 1.8K
  • 24 Feb 2021
Topic Review
Carbon Dots-Mediated Fluorescent Scaffolds
Regeneration of damaged tissues or organs is one of the significant challenges in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Many researchers have fabricated various scaffolds to accelerate the tissue regeneration process. However, most of the scaffolds are limited in clinical trials due to scaffold inconsistency, non-biodegradability, and lack of non-invasive techniques to monitor tissue regeneration after implantation. Recently, carbon dots (CDs) mediated fluorescent scaffolds are widely explored for the application of image-guided tissue engineering due to their controlled architecture, light-emitting ability, higher chemical and photostability, excellent biocompatibility, and biodegradability.
  • 1.8K
  • 08 Jun 2021
Topic Review
Toxoplasma gondii-Induced and Associated Diseases
Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) is a prevalent protozoan parasite of medical and veterinary significance. It is the etiologic agent of toxoplasmosis, a neglected disease in which incidence and symptoms differ between patients and regions. In immunocompetent patients, toxoplasmosis manifests as acute and chronic forms. Acute toxoplasmosis presents as mild or asymptomatic disease that evolves, under the host immune response, into a persistent chronic disease in healthy individuals. Chronic toxoplasmosis establishes as latent tissue cysts in the brain and skeletal muscles. In immunocompromised patients, chronic toxoplasmosis may reactivate, leading to a potentially life-threatening condition. 
  • 1.8K
  • 05 Nov 2021
Topic Review Video
Blood-Spinal Cord Barrier
The blood-spinal cord barrier (BSCB) has been long thought of as a functional equivalent to the blood-brain barrier (BBB), restricting blood flow into the spinal cord. The spinal cord is supported by various disc tissues that provide agility and has different local immune responses compared to the brain. Though physiologically, structural components of the BSCB and BBB share many similarities, the clinical landscape significantly differs. 
  • 1.8K
  • 14 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Minimum Quantity Lubrication Machining of Titanium Alloys
Titanium alloys offer a variety of unique qualities, including high strength, resistance to chemical deterioration, and excellent corrosion resistance, particularly stress corrosion. These alloys are utilized in aircraft, power plants, heat exchangers, water heaters, pressure vessels, and orthopedic implants because of their characteristics. Minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) is one method in which just a small amount of fluid is required during machining operations.
  • 1.8K
  • 02 Sep 2022
Topic Review
Geomatics
Geomatics is defined in the ISO/TC 211 series of standards as the "discipline concerned with the collection, distribution, storage, analysis, processing, presentation of geographic data or geographic information". Under another definition, it "consists of products, services and tools involved in the collection, integration and management of geographic data". It includes geomatics engineering (and surveying engineering) and is related to geospatial science (also geospatial engineering and geospatial technology).
  • 1.8K
  • 01 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Causes of Mental Disorders
A mental disorder is an impairment of the mind disrupting normal thinking, feeling, mood, behavior, or social interactions, and accompanied by significant distress or dysfunction. The causes of mental disorders are very complex and vary depending on the particular disorder and the individual. Although the causes of most mental disorders are not fully understood, researchers have identified a variety of biological, psychological, and environmental factors that can contribute to the development or progression of mental disorders. Most mental disorders result in a combination of several different factors rather than just a single factor.
  • 1.8K
  • 17 Nov 2022
Topic Review
ClpP
The mitochondrial protease called ClpP plays a central role in mitochondrial protein quality control. ClpP agonists have emerged as a novel class of mitochondria-targeting drugs. Hyperactivating ClpP induces uncontrolled, but selective, degradation of ClpP substrates and disrupts mitochondrial functions, leading to growth inhibition of breast cancer cells, without adverse effect in non-malignant cells. 
  • 1.8K
  • 03 Apr 2023
Topic Review
Mechanistic Organic Photochemistry
Some chemical reactions take place by the action of light. These are called, "photochemical reactions", or "photolysis". Mechanistic organic photochemistry is the aspect of organic photochemistry which seeks to explain the mechanisms of organic photochemical reactions. The absorption of ultraviolet light by organic molecules often leads to reactions. In the earliest days, sunlight was employed, while in more modern times ultraviolet lamps are employed. Organic photochemistry has proven to be a very useful synthetic tool. Complex organic products can be obtained simply. Over the last century and earlier an immense number of photochemical reactions have been uncovered. In modern times the field is quite well understood and is used in organic synthesis and industrially. The utility of organic photochemistry has arisen only by virtue of the available mechanistic treatment; reactions which appear unlikely in ground-state understanding become understandable and accessible in terms of electronic excited-state consideration.
  • 1.8K
  • 17 Nov 2022
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