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Topic Review
Neurological Research Into Dyslexia
Dyslexia is defined by the difficulty in an individual's ability to read given adequate intelligence and normal opportunities. While such a distinction provides a useful advantage to clinicians and diagnosticians alike, it does not carry implications that are of practical significance to scientist and researchers so as to facilitate further development of interventions that would allow dyslexics to learn as normal individuals. Current neurological research has uncovered clear evidence of biophysical and structural anomalies in individuals who are affected by the disorder. FMRI and behavioral experiments have generated significant results so as to suggest the disorder be viewed as having neurological causes.
  • 722
  • 11 Nov 2022
Biography
William R. Bennett Jr.
William Ralph Bennett Jr. (January 30, 1930 – June 29, 2008) was an United States physicist known for his pioneering work on gas lasers. He spent most of his career on the faculty of Yale University. The son of the noted physicist William R. Bennett Sr.,[1] Bennett Jr. received his bachelor's degree in physics from Princeton University. Bennett's graduate work in physics was on spectroscop
  • 722
  • 16 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Gastric Cancer in Asia
Gastric cancer (GC) is regarded as one of the most perilous malignancies globally, with over one billion new cases and seven hundred and eighty-three thousand deaths reported in 2020. The incidence of GC is particularly high in Asian countries. Moreover, multiple oncogenic signaling pathways are activated and implicated in gastric carcinogenesis, leading to malignant phenotype acquisition.
  • 721
  • 06 Jun 2023
Topic Review
DNA Methylation in Endometrial Cancer
Endometrial cancer (EC) is one of the most common malignant tumors of the female genital system, with an increasing incidence and mortality worldwide. Further understanding of carcinogenesis from a gene perspective would allow an effort to improve therapeutic precision in this complex malignancy. DNA methylation is catalyzed by DNA methyltransferases, which is one of the most extensively researched epigenetic alterations in human tumors. Aberrant DNA methylation events, resulting in altered gene expression, are features of many tumor types, including EC.
  • 719
  • 26 Jul 2022
Topic Review
Climate Change Adaptation in Nepal
In 2010, the Government of Nepal approved National Adaptation Programme of Action (NAPA). NAPA developed as a requirement under the UNFCCC to access funding for the most urgent and immediate adaptation needs from the Least Developed Countries Fund (LDCF). In Nepal, NAPA developed with three components: Preparation and dissemination of NAPA documents, development and maintenance of the Nepal Climate Change Knowledge Management Centre (NCCKMC), and development of the Multi-Stakeholder Climate Change Initiative Coordination Committee (MCCICC). In NAPA, nine integrated projects have been identified as the urgent and immediate national adaptation priority. They are: NAPA’s implementation framework envisages that the operating costs will be kept to a minimum and at least 80% of the available financial resources will reach the local level to fund activities on the ground. Stakeholders in Nepal has also started discussing National Adaptation Plans(NAPs), which are medium and long term adaptation plans for the country as decided by UNFCCC.
  • 719
  • 06 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Inherited Disorders of Biogenic Amine Neurotransmitter Metabolism
Inherited disorders of biogenic amine metabolism are genetically determined conditions resulting in dysfunctions or lack of enzymes involved in the synthesis, degradation, or transport of dopamine, serotonin, adrenaline/noradrenaline, and their metabolites or defects of their cofactor or chaperone biosynthesis. They represent a group of treatable diseases presenting with complex patterns of movement disorders (dystonia, oculogyric crises, severe/hypokinetic syndrome, myoclonic jerks, and tremors) associated with a delay in the emergence of postural reactions, global development delay, and autonomic dysregulation. The earlier the disease manifests, the more severe and widespread the impaired motor functions. 
  • 719
  • 30 Jan 2023
Topic Review
Ancient Pathogen Genomics
Ancient pathogen genomics is a scientific field related to the study of pathogen genomes recovered from ancient human, plant or animal remains. Ancient pathogens are microorganisms, now extinct, that in the past centuries caused several epidemics and deaths worldwide. Their genome, referred to as ancient DNA (aDNA), is isolated from the burial's remains (bones and teeth) of victims of the pandemics caused by these pathogens. The analysis of the genomic features of ancient pathogen genomes allows researchers to understand the evolution of modern microbial strains that can hypothetically generate new pandemics or outbreaks. The analysis of aDNA is carried out by bioinformatic tools and molecular biology techniques to compare ancient pathogens with the modern descendants. The comparison also provides phylogenetic information of these strains.
  • 718
  • 19 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Pneumococcal Vaccination Rates
Insufficient vaccination rates against pneumococcal disease are a major problem in primary health care, especially in adult patients. Shared decision-making (SDM) may address major barriers to vaccination.
  • 716
  • 24 Feb 2021
Topic Review
Ehud Shapiro
Ehud Shapiro (Hebrew: אהוד שפירא‎; born 1955) is a multi-disciplinary scientist, artist, entrepreneur and a Professor of Computer Science and Biology at the Weizmann Institute of Science. With international reputation, he made fundamental contributions to many scientific disciplines. Ehud was also an Internet pioneer, a successful Internet entrepreneur, and a pioneer and proponent of E-democracy. Ehud is the founder of the Ba Rock Band and conceived its original artistic program. He is a winner of two ERC (European Research Council) Advanced Grants.
  • 716
  • 21 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Vincent Infection
Acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis (ANUG) is a common, non-contagious infection of the gums with sudden onset. The main features are painful, bleeding gums, and ulceration of inter-dental papillae (the sections of gum between adjacent teeth). This disease, along with necrotizing (ulcerative) periodontitis (NP or NUP) is classified as a necrotizing periodontal disease, one of the seven general types of gum disease caused by inflammation of the gums (periodontitis). The often severe gum pain that characterizes ANUG distinguishes it from the more common chronic periodontitis which is rarely painful. If ANUG is improperly treated or neglected, it may become chronic and/or recurrent. The causative organisms are mostly anaerobic bacteria, particularly Fusobacteriota and spirochete species. Predisposing factors include poor oral hygiene, smoking, poor nutrition, psychological stress, and a weakened immune system. When the attachments of the teeth to the bone are involved, the term NUP is used. Treatment of ANUG is by removal of dead gum tissue and antibiotics (usually metronidazole) in the acute phase, and improving oral hygiene to prevent recurrence. Although the condition has a rapid onset and is debilitating, it usually resolves quickly and does no serious harm. The informal name trench mouth arose during World War I as many soldiers developed the disease, probably because of the poor conditions and extreme psychological stress.
  • 716
  • 04 Nov 2022
Biography
Jerome Kristian
Jerome "Jerry" Kristian (born June 5, 1933 in Milwaukee,[1] d. June 22, 1996 in Ventura County, California[2]) was a theoretical and observational cosmologist, and the first to provide observational evidence of quasar host galaxies. Kristian began his career in theoretical cosmology but transitioned into observation while working at the Mount Wilson Observatory in the 1960s and 1970s. He helped
  • 716
  • 13 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Ayahuasca and Ibogaine
Ayahuasca is a traditional tea used by indigenous peoples from the Amazon basin, notably in Brazil, Peru, Ecuador, and Colombia, for medical and mystical-religious purposes. Ibogaine is one of several alkaloids present in the iboga shrub (Tabernanthe iboga), a plant native to Central Africa that has been traditionally used for centuries in traditional medicine by people in countries like Gabon and Cameroon. Iboga is used by members of the Bwiti religion in initiation and religious rituals, usually by chewing or scraping the bark of its roots, and, at lower doses, its consumption is believed to have stimulating properties, used to mitigate sensations of fatigue, thirst, and hunger.
  • 714
  • 21 Dec 2023
Biography
Ekaterina Feoktistova
Ekaterina Alekseevna Feoktistova (also Alekseyevna) (Russian:Екатерина Алексеевна Феоктистова) (18 March 1915 — 5 January 1987) was a Ukrainian Soviet chemist, engineer, physicist and explosives expert. She worked on the Soviet atomic bomb project from 1947 until her retirement, leading a laboratory from 1952. Aged 18, she began working as a chemist at the Kras
  • 711
  • 08 Dec 2022
Biography
Jens Frahm
Jens Frahm (born 29 March 1951 in Oldenburg, Germany) is Director of the Biomedizinische NMR[1] (Biomedical NMR Research Group) at the Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry in Göttingen, Germany. From 1969 to 1974 Frahm studied physics at the University of Göttingen.[2] His PhD thesis under the guidance of Hans Strehlow at the Max-Planck-Institut für biophysikalische Chemie was de
  • 710
  • 13 Dec 2022
Biography
Aleksandr Markevich
Oleksandr Prokopovych Markevych (Ukrainian: Олександр Прокопович Маркевич), in English more often Aleksandr Prokofyevich Markevich (Russian: Александр Прокофьевич Маркевич) (19 March 1905 – 23 April 1999) was a Ukrainian zoologist, and a prolific helminthologist and copepodologist. He was professor and an Academician of the National Academ
  • 708
  • 21 Nov 2022
Biography
Seymour Benzer
Seymour Benzer (October 15, 1921 – November 30, 2007) was an United States physicist, molecular biologist and behavioral geneticist. His career began during the molecular biology revolution of the 1950s, and he eventually rose to prominence in the fields of molecular and behavioral genetics. He led a productive genetics research lab both at Purdue University and as the James G. Boswell Profess
  • 705
  • 24 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Time-Based Prospective Memory
Time-based prospective memory is a type of prospective memory in which remembrance is triggered by a time-related cue that indicates that a given action needs to be performed. An example is remembering to watch a television program at 3 p.m. In contrast to time-based prospective memory, event-based prospective memory is triggered by an environmental cue that indicates that an action needs to be performed. An example is remembering to send a letter (the action) after seeing a mailbox (the cue). While event-based memory is dependent on the environment, time-based prospective memory is self-initiated; one must specifically monitor the passage of time.
  • 704
  • 21 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Necrotizing Ulcerative Gingivitis
Acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis (ANUG) is a common, non-contagious infection of the gums with sudden onset. The main features are painful, bleeding gums, and ulceration of inter-dental papillae (the sections of gum between adjacent teeth). This disease, along with necrotizing (ulcerative) periodontitis (NP or NUP) is classified as a necrotizing periodontal disease, one of the seven general types of gum disease caused by inflammation of the gums (periodontitis). The often severe gum pain that characterizes ANUG distinguishes it from the more common chronic periodontitis which is rarely painful. If ANUG is improperly treated or neglected, it may become chronic and/or recurrent. The causative organisms are mostly anaerobic bacteria, particularly Fusobacteriota and spirochete species. Predisposing factors include poor oral hygiene, smoking, poor nutrition, psychological stress, and a weakened immune system. When the attachments of the teeth to the bone are involved, the term NUP is used. Treatment of ANUG is by removal of dead gum tissue and antibiotics (usually metronidazole) in the acute phase, and improving oral hygiene to prevent recurrence. Although the condition has a rapid onset and is debilitating, it usually resolves quickly and does no serious harm. The informal name trench mouth arose during World War I as many soldiers developed the disease, probably because of the poor conditions and extreme psychological stress.
  • 703
  • 24 Oct 2022
Biography
Rukhadze Henri
Henri Amvrosievich Rukhadze (July 9, 1930, Tiflis, Russian Empire — March 7, 2018, Moscow, Russian Federation[1]) — Soviet and Russian physicist. Doctor of physical and mathematical Sciences, professor, laureate of State Prizes (twice) and M. V. Lomonosov Prize. Author of more than 600 published works, including more than 55 reviews and 14 monographs. He has trained 66 candidates and 32 doct
  • 700
  • 18 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Molecular Mechanisms and Factors of Ovarian Aging
Infertility is a global problem on the rise. The WHO defines it as a condition of the reproductive system that can be diagnosed when there is a “failure to achieve a clinical pregnancy after 12 months or more of regular unprotected sexual intercourse”. It occurs due to four broad causes: lifestyle choices, inheritable factors, health conditions, and aging, with a degree of overlap between each of these factors. There are various mechanisms and factors that contribute to infertility, most of which have some type of connection with oxidative damage.
  • 698
  • 19 Jun 2023
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