Your browser does not fully support modern features. Please upgrade for a smoother experience.
Subject:
All Disciplines Arts & Humanities Biology & Life Sciences Business & Economics Chemistry & Materials Science Computer Science & Mathematics Engineering Environmental & Earth Sciences Medicine & Pharmacology Physical Sciences Public Health & Healthcare Social Sciences
Sort by:
Most Viewed Latest Alphabetical (A-Z) Alphabetical (Z-A)
Filter:
All Topic Review Biography Peer Reviewed Entry Video Entry
Topic Review
Biology of Anthonomus testaceosquamosus Linell, 1897 (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)
Although native to northeastern Mexico and southern Texas, the hibiscus bud weevil (HBW), Anthonomus testaceosquamosus Linell 1897, was recently discovered infesting hibiscus in south Florida in 2017. During outbreak events, HBW feeding on hibiscus buds has been found to significantly affect the marketability of the crop. Therefore, it is vital that an integrated pest management (IPM) program be developed for this pest in order to mitigate the economic loss to the hibiscus industry of south Florida.
  • 699
  • 26 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Soybean CHYR Gene Family
The CHYR (CHY ZINC-FINGER AND RING FINGER PROTEIN) proteins have been functionally characterized in iron regulation and stress response in Arabidopsis, rice and Populus.  In soybean, 16 CHYR genes with conserved Zinc_ribbon, CHY zinc finger and Ring finger domains were obtained and divided into three groups. Moreover, additional 2–3 hemerythrin domains could be found in the N terminus of Group III. Phylogenetic and homology analysis of CHYRs in green plants indicated that three groups might originate from different ancestors. Expectedly, GmCHYR genes shared similar conserved domains/motifs distribution within the same group. Gene expression analysis uncovered their special expression patterns in different soybean tissues/organs and under various abiotic stresses. Group I and II members were mainly involved in salt and alkaline stresses. The expression of Group III members was induced/repressed by dehydration, salt and alkaline stresses, indicating their diverse roles in response to abiotic stress. 
  • 697
  • 29 Nov 2021
Topic Review
Genomic Interventions for Wheat Biofortification
Wheat is an essential constituent of cereal-based diets, and one of the most significant sources of calories. However, modern wheat varieties are low in proteins and minerals. Biofortification is a method for increasing the availability of essential elements in the edible portions of crops through agronomic or genetic and genomic interventions. Wheat biofortification, as a research topic, has become increasingly prevalent. 
  • 697
  • 09 Dec 2021
Topic Review
Dietary Chemical Components and Enteric Methane Production
Methanogenesis is critical in cattle because it prevents accumulation of metabolic hydrogen in the rumen by serving as a reducing equivalent sink. Alternative hydrogen sinks exist, however, and these alternative sinks are affected by the ingredient and chemical composition of the diet, such that the quantity of CH4 produced by cattle varies based on dietary constituents that are fed. Diets that produce acetate liberate hydrogen to be used by methanogenic archaea to produce CH4. Conversely, propionate serves as a net hydrogen sink, and diets that increase propionate and decrease acetate result in decreased ruminal CH4 production, reflecting decreased availability of metabolic hydrogen for methanogens to reduce CO2 to CH4.
  • 697
  • 19 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Pomacea canaliculata in China under Global Climate Change
Pomacea canaliculata is one of the 100 worst invasive alien species in the world, which has significant effects and harm to native species, ecological environment, human health, and social economy. Climate change is one of the major causes of species range shifts. With recent climate change, the distribution of P. canaliculata has shifted northward. Understanding the potential distribution under current and future climate conditions will aid in the management of the risk of its invasion and spread.
  • 696
  • 25 Jan 2022
Topic Review
RFI as Efficiency Metric for Pre-Weaning Dairy Calves
Dairy cattle systems have targeted improvements in feed efficiency by selecting animals that can convert less feed into more products. Residual feed intake (RFI) has been the index of choice when selecting dairy cattle for feed efficiency. Nonetheless, RFI studies have focused on lactating cows, and the crucial importance of pre-weaning efficiency on farm profitability and cow productivity has been mostly neglected. Current results suggest great potential for selecting high-efficiency calves while in pre-weaning to accelerate the progress of genetic selection in dairy cattle.
  • 696
  • 25 Aug 2023
Topic Review
The Nero Lucano Pig Breed
The Nero Lucano (NL) pig is a black coat colored breed characterized by a remarkable ability to adapt to the difficult territory and climatic conditions of Basilicata region in Southern Italy.
  • 695
  • 13 May 2021
Topic Review
Production of Organic Milk
Milk is one of the most valuable products in the food industry with most milk production throughout the world being carried out using conventional management, which includes intensive and traditional systems. The intensive use of fertilizers, antibiotics, pesticides and concerns regarding animal health and the environment have given increasing importance to organic dairy and dairy products. 
  • 695
  • 05 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Floral Volatile Terpenoids
Floral volatile terpenoids (FVTs) belong to a group of volatile organic compounds (VOC) that play important roles in attracting pollinators, defending against pathogens and parasites and serving as signals associated with biotic and abiotic stress responses. Although research on FVTs has been increasing, a systematic generalization is lacking. Among flowering plants used mainly for ornamental purposes, a systematic study on the production of FVTs in flowers with characteristic aromas is still limited.
  • 695
  • 26 Nov 2021
Topic Review
Technology Training
The implementation of technology training is essential to promote the commercialization of research achievements, and can play a crucial role in poverty alleviation.
  • 694
  • 22 Jul 2021
Topic Review
Potential of Flow Cytometric Approaches in Food Industry
Microbial contamination, including the carryover of infectious microbes, is a global public health concern. An alternative technique that serves as a powerful, rapid, and highly sensitive method for the specific and non-specific detection, monitoring, enumeration, and characterization of microorganisms is flow cytometry (FCM).
  • 694
  • 12 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Climate Change and Plant Breeding
Plant breeding is, by definition, the art and science of changing the traits of plants through genetic improvements to produce desired characteristics for the benefit of humanity. Thus, plant breeding strives to use diverse genetic material to change the genetic composition of desirable plants/crops and select and multiply those with the highest attributes, structure, and nutrient composition for the most suitable uses related to human requirements. Crop yield has been a major target of plant breeding, although resistance and quality have also been important. Climate change calls for breeding efforts to improve characters in agricultural crops that can contribute to mitigating greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The assessment of plant characters has shown that an increased nutrient use efficiency is a major character that has a larger impact in decreasing the GHG emissions in wheat production.
  • 694
  • 31 Aug 2023
Topic Review
EVOO’s Flavor
Extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) is one of the most distinctive ingredients of the Mediterranean diet. EVOO can be defined as the oil obtained from the fruit of the olive tree (Olea europaea), using exclusively mechanical or physical procedures. To obtain an EVOO, olives cannot be treated with other procedures than washing, decanting, centrifugation, and filtration, thus excluding oils obtained with solvents or by re-esterification or oil mixing procedures.
  • 693
  • 09 Mar 2021
Topic Review
Androgen Receptor as Biomarker in Breast Cancer
Biomarkers can be used for diagnosis, prognosis, and prediction in targeted therapy. The estrogen receptor α (ERα) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) are standard biomarkers used in breast cancer for guiding disease treatment. The androgen receptor (AR), a nuclear hormone receptor, contributes to the development and progression of prostate tumors and other cancers. With increasing evidence to support that AR plays an essential role in breast cancer, AR has been considered a useful biomarker in breast cancer, depending on the context of breast cancer sub-types. The existing survival analyses suggest that AR acts as a tumor suppressor in ER + ve breast cancers, serving as a favorable prognostic marker. However, AR functions as a tumor promoter in ER-ve breast cancers, including HER2 + ve and triple-negative (TNBC) breast cancers, serving as a poor prognostic factor. AR has also been shown to be predictive of the potential of response to adjuvant hormonal therapy in ER + ve breast cancers and to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in TNBC.  All contents are adapted from You, C.-P.; Leung, M.-H.; Tsang, W.-C.; Khoo, U.-S.; Tsoi, H. Androgen Receptor as an Emerging Feasible Biomarker for Breast Cancer. Biomolecules 2022, 12, 72. https://doi.org/10.3390/biom12010072
  • 690
  • 25 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Armed CAR-T or Combination Therapy for Prostate Cancer
CAR-T cells are genetically engineered T cells that express a unique fusion receptor. The receptor is composed of an extracellular domain, a hinge region, a transmembrane domain, and an intracellular signal transduction region.
  • 690
  • 28 Feb 2022
Topic Review
Small Non-Coding RNAs in Salmonella–Host Interactions
Salmonella species infect hosts by entering phagocytic and non-phagocytic cells, causing diverse disease symptoms, such as fever, gastroenteritis, and even death. Therefore, Salmonella has attracted much attention. Many factors are involved in pathogenesis, for example, the capsule, enterotoxins, Salmonella pathogenicity islands (SPIs), and corresponding regulators. These factors are all traditional proteins associated with virulence and regulation. Small non-coding RNAs (sRNAs) have also been reported to function as critical regulators. Salmonella has become a model organism for studying sRNAs. sRNAs regulate gene expression by imperfect base-pairing with targets at the post-transcriptional level. sRNAs are involved in diverse biological processes, such as virulence, substance metabolism, and adaptation to stress environments. 
  • 686
  • 19 Sep 2022
Topic Review
Vitamin D and Skeletal Muscle
Aging is associated with impairment in skeletal muscle mass and contractile function, predisposing to fat mass gain, insulin resistance and diabetes.  At cell and animal levels, that VitD treatments had positive effects on the development of muscle fibres in cells in culture, skeletal muscle force and hypertrophy. 
  • 684
  • 22 May 2021
Topic Review
Ripeness Estimation in Viticulture Automation
Ripeness estimation of fruits and vegetables is a key factor for the optimization of field management and the harvesting of the desired product quality. Typical ripeness estimation involves multiple manual samplings before harvest followed by chemical analyses. Machine vision has paved the way for agricultural automation by introducing quicker, cost-effective, and non-destructive methods.
  • 684
  • 16 Sep 2021
Topic Review
Phage Therapy on Human and Poultry Infection
Acinetobacter baumannii is a multidrug-resistant and invasive pathogen associated with the etiopathology of both an increasing number of nosocomial infections and is of relevance to poultry production systems. Phage therapy has gained particular importance for the treatment of bacterial infections. Phage therapy represents a potential treatment solution for multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii.
  • 684
  • 07 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Panax ginseng CYP703
Cytochrome P450 (CYP) catalyzes a wide variety of monooxygenation reactions in plant primary and secondary metabolisms. Land plants contain CYP703, belonging to the CYP71 clan, which catalyzes the biochemical pathway of fatty acid hydroxylation, especially in male reproductive tissues. Korean/Asian ginseng (Panax ginseng Meyer) has been regarded as one of important medicinal plant for a long time, however the molecular mechanism is less known on its development.
  • 684
  • 07 Mar 2022
  • Page
  • of
  • 70
Featured Entry Collections
>>

Featured Reprints

>>
Encyclopedia of Digital Society, Industry 5.0 and Smart City
Encyclopedia of Engineering
Encyclopedia of Social Sciences
Encyclopedia of Medieval Royal Iconography
Academic Video Service
Feedback