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Topic Review
Brothel-Based vs. Transient Sex Workers in India
The sex worker is framed by Indian popular culture as primarily a woman and a disreputable woman, who is a social deviant inhabiting circumscribed and forbidden spaces. In India, sex workers in brothel-based settings, especially in big, well-renowned red-light districts in metropolitan areas like the Sonagachi in Kolkata and the Kamathipura in Mumbai are supported by community led structural interventions and development projects.
  • 1.9K
  • 12 May 2023
Topic Review
Mechanical Properties of FDM
Fused deposition modeling (FDM) uses thermoplastic materials to print parts layer by layer. Usually, a (or several) continuous filament made of thermoplastic polymer is heated to the point of viscous state and extruded layer by layer on a platform to build the part. The thermo-plasticity properties of the material assist the fusing of layers together as well as the solidification process while the temperature is decreasing. Bonding between the layers will be generated due to the interaction of the molecules when one layer stays in a molten state and bound to the solid layer while solidifying. However, voids might appear between the layers due to the fast freezing of molten fibers or the lack of overlap between the extruded material and the solidified material. Therefore, these bonds exhibit mechanical properties unlike those created by the conventional manufacturing process and therefore it is difficult to predict the mechanical properties of FDM printed parts.
  • 1.9K
  • 01 Jun 2021
Topic Review
Lockdown, Clinical Characteristics and Diagnostic Challenges of COVID-19
The entire world is facing lockdown due to coronaviruses has been noticed.  The outbreak of such coronavirus, known as COVID-19 came existence since late 2019 and early 2020. The first reported coronavirus patient was from Wuhan, China, on December 31, 2019. It was very rapidly spread across the world and killed several lives. Coronavirus looks very dangerous because there is no specific treatment and no vaccine came on this planet earth. It has been reported that coronaviruses appear to attack lung cells. Cells infected the coronaviruses generate more virus particles. These virus particles can then spread to other people by means of coughing and even aerosol transmission was also noticed in two Wuhan hospitals during the outbreak of COVID-19 in the months of February and March 2020.
  • 1.9K
  • 06 Mar 2021
Topic Review
Obesity
Obesity, a complex and multifactorial disease associated with excessive adiposity or body fat, currently affects over a third of the world’s population. Obesity is closely related to a significant increase in the morbidity risk of chronic diseases, such as disability, depression, type 2 diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular diseases, cancers, and mortality, thus representing a serious public health problem. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), the body mass index (BMI) is used as a tool to assess overweight or obesity; a BMI ≥ 40 kg/m2 is characteristic of severe obesity. Rare genetic obesity disorders are characterized by mutations of genes strongly involved in the central or peripheral regulation of energy balance. These mutations are effective in causing the early onset of severe obesity and insatiable hunger (hyperphagia), suggesting that the genetic component can contribute to 40–70% of obesity.”
  • 1.9K
  • 13 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Mitophagy
Mitophagy is a selective autophagic process that eliminates unnecessary and/or damaged mitochondria. Therefore, it is a central hormetic mechanism of mitochondrial quality and quantity control, essential for cellular homeostasis. Its dysregulation has been shown to be a key event in metabolic related diseases and it is the target of emerging therapeutical approaches in this field.
  • 1.9K
  • 28 May 2021
Topic Review
Film-Forming Systems
Film-forming formulations represent a novel form of sustained release dermatic products. They are applied to the skin as a liquid or semi-solid preparation.
  • 1.9K
  • 30 Jun 2021
Topic Review
5G for Climate Change Control
Climate change is one of the most challenging problems that humanity has ever faced. With the rapid development in technology, a key feature of 5G networks is the increased level of connectivity between everyday objects, facilitated by faster internet speeds with smart facilities indicative of the forthcoming 5G-driven revolution in Internet of Things (IoT).
  • 1.9K
  • 11 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Implementing Industry 4.0 Principles and Tools in SME
Small and medium enterprises (SME) face various challenges in order to remain competitive in a global market. Industry 4.0 (I4.0) is increasingly presented as the new paradigm for improving productivity, ensuring economic growth, and guaranteeing the sustainability of manufacturing companies. I4.0 refers to the integration of information technologies (internet of things, cyber–physical systems, cloud computing, AI, etc.) and automation (robots, cobots, automated guided vehicles, etc.) in every sphere of a company, vertically and horizontally, to improve performance. However, SMEs are ill equipped and lack resources to undertake this digital shift. 
  • 1.9K
  • 05 Jul 2022
Topic Review
Application of Emulsion Gels as Fat Replacement
Although traditional meat products are highly popular with consumers, the high levels of unsaturated fatty acids and cholesterol present significant health concerns. However, simply using plant oil rich in unsaturated fatty acids to replace animal fat in meat products causes a decline in product quality, such as lower levels of juiciness and hardness. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a fat substitute that can ensure the sensory quality of the product while reducing its fat content. Consequently, using emulsion gels to produce structured oils or introducing functional ingredients has attracted substantial attention for replacing the fat in meat products.
  • 1.9K
  • 12 Jul 2022
Topic Review
Photocatalysis for Water Splitting Capabilities
Water could be used as the main source of hydrogen production. By definition, the dissociation of the water molecules into their constituents (hydrogen and oxygen) is known as water splitting. Rapid population growth and ever-increasing energy consumption have resulted in increased environmental pollution and energy demands. Accordingly, studies and research on innovative and efficient ways of wastewater clean-up and exploiting eco-friendly and renewable energy sources such as sunlight have become a necessity. 
  • 1.9K
  • 07 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Halemaʻumaʻu Crater
Halemaʻumaʻu Crater (six syllables: HAH-lay-MAH-oo-MAH-oo) is a pit crater located within the much larger summit caldera of Kīlauea in Hawaii Volcanoes National Park. The roughly circular crater was 770 meters (2,530 ft) x 900 m (2,950 ft) prior to collapses that roughly doubled the size of the crater after May 3, 2018. Halemaʻumaʻu is home to Pele, goddess of fire and volcanoes, according to the traditions of Hawaiian religion. Halemaʻumaʻu means "house of the ʻāmaʻu fern". The crater until recently contained an active lava lake. From 2008, when the current vent inside Halemaʻumaʻu crater first erupted, to April 2015, lava was present inside the vent, fluctuating from 20 to 150 meters below the crater rim. On April 24, 2015 molten lava in the vent, known as the Overlook Crater, became directly visible for the first time from the Jaggar Museum overlook at the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory, when the lava rose to an all-time high level since the Overlook Crater first opened. A few days later, on April 29, the lava started spilling over the rim of the Overlook Crater and onto the floor of Halemaʻumaʻu Crater, ultimately adding a layer of lava approximately 30 feet (9 m) thick to the crater floor. For three years from 2015 to 2018 the lava lake level remained close to the rim, with a further minor overflow event in October 2016 and a significant one in April 2018 that covered a majority of the crater floor in new lava. In early May 2018 the lava level in the Overlook Crater dropped over 700 feet and out of sight, resulting in explosions, earthquakes and large clouds of ash and toxic gas, causing closure of the Kīlauea summit area of the national park from May 10 to September 22. While the park visitor center and headquarters have reopened to the public, the crater is currently in a state of collapse that includes substantial portions of Kīlauea Caldera. The Jaggar Museum overlooking the crater remains closed.
  • 1.9K
  • 24 Nov 2022
Topic Review
The Banyan
The Banyan is a non-governmental organization based in Chennai, India was founded in 1993 by Vandana Gopikumar and Vaishnavi Jayakumar to cater to the mentally ill and homeless women in the city. This includes emergency care and critical time interventions offered across 2 hospital based settings, and one shelter for homeless persons with psychosocial disabilities, operated in collaboration with the Corporation of Chennai, reaching out to 162 individuals in distress at any given point of time. Over 3400 individuals have accessed these services since 1993. The Banyan's NALAM programme offers well-being oriented outpatient clinics and community based mental health care in both urban and rural areas. These clinics provide free of charge and mental health and social care services, address distress, common mental disorders and severe mental disorders. They are offered across 15 service access points, reaching out to a population of approximately 7 lakhs. NALAM has reached out to over 10,000 individuals and has a current active registry of 2000 individuals. For those who experience high support needs, The Banyan offers a range of inclusive living options, over 200 individuals with moderate to severe mental health issues, today live in communities & homelike environments with supportive services across 6 districts in 3 States (Tamil Nadu, Kerala, Maharashtra). The Banyan's sister organisation was founded in 2007. BALM uses capacity building, education programmes (diploma, masters’, and PhD programmes) in collaboration with the Tata Institute of Social Sciences (TISS), research, collaborative work (with civil society organisations, local governments, disability movements, mental health user-caregiver groups, and Central and State Government) and construction of think tanks, as strategies to influence progressive policies and plans.
  • 1.9K
  • 18 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Nanomaterials for Industrial Wastewater Treatment
Industrial wastewater originating from various industries contributes as a major source of water pollution. This pollutant poses a severe threat to the environment. Recent years saw nanomaterials as a potential candidate for pollutants removal. Nowadays, a range of cost-effective nanomaterials is available with unique properties.
  • 1.9K
  • 22 Jul 2021
Topic Review
Reggiane Re.2005
The Reggiane Re.2005 Sagittario (English: Archer, Sagittarius) was an Italian monoplane fighter and fighter-bomber produced for the Regia Aeronautica during the later years of World War II. Along with the Macchi C.202/C.205 and Fiat G.55, the Reggiane Re.2005 was one of the three Serie 5 Italian fighters. The lines of the fuselage were aerodynamically efficient, and the design was intended to exploit the famous Daimler-Benz DB 605 engine. The only drawback was a certain structural weakness in the rear section of the fuselage. Only 48 examples had been delivered before the Armistice, and these fighters took part in the defence of Naples, Rome and Sicily, with the survivors battling above the crumbling ruins of Berlin, in German insignia. British ace and military observer, Group Captain Duncan Smith, DSO DFC, said that "The Re.2005 was altogether a superb, potent aeroplane".
  • 1.9K
  • 28 Oct 2022
Topic Review
PI3K/AKT/mTOR Signaling Pathway
The PI3K/AKT/mTOR complex is a signaling pathway with a major role in essential cellular activities, such as: cell metabolism, cell growth, cell proliferation, apoptosis, and angiogenesis.
  • 1.9K
  • 12 Jan 2021
Topic Review
Mullite-Based Ceramics from Mining Waste
Mullite (3Al2O3·2SiO2) is an aluminosilicate characterized by excellent physical properties, which makes it an important ceramic material. In this way, ceramics based on mullite find applications in different technological fields as refractory material (metallurgy, glass, ceramics, etc.), matrix in composite materials for high temperature applications, substrate in multilayer packaging, protective coatings, components of turbine engines, windows transparent to infrared radiation, etc. However, mullite is scarce in nature so it has to be manufactured through different synthesis methods, such as sintering, melting-crystallization or through a sol-gel route. 
  • 1.9K
  • 29 Jul 2021
Topic Review
Nucleosides and Nucleotides
Nucleotides fulfill many essential functions in plants. Compared to non-plant systems, these hydrophilic metabolites have not been adequately investigated in plants, especially the less abundant nucleotide species such as deoxyribonucleotides and modified or damaged nucleotides. Until recently, this was mainly due to a lack of adequate methods for in-depth analysis of nucleotides and nucleosides in plants.
  • 1.9K
  • 16 Apr 2021
Topic Review
Genetic Loci Underlying Awn Morphology in Barley
Awns are a transformed leaf blade that extends from the lemmas of the florets, and can contribute significantly to the grain filling via active photosynthesis. Barley awns are highly diverse in morphology, ranging from long to short or awnless types, and from straight to hooded or crooked shapes. The morphological diversity, importance to grain yield and ease of study of barley awns have intrigued plant geneticists for several decades. A large set of genetic loci associated with the development of awns have been identified genetically and mapped to chromosomes.
  • 1.9K
  • 03 Nov 2021
Topic Review
The Natural Cryoprotectant Honey for Fertility Cryopreservation
Honey is a mixture of 25 sugars with other bioactive substances (i.e., organic acids, enzymes, antioxidants, and vitamins) and has been known as a highly nutritious functional food. Traditionally, it has been widely used in medicinal applications to cure various diseases. The effectiveness of honey in different applications has been used for its antimicrobial activity, absorption of hydrops, cleansing, removing odor, assisting granulation, recovery of nutrition, and formation of tissue and epithelium, which proved that honey has dehydrating and preserving properties to make it ideal for the cryopreservation of cells and tissues.
  • 1.9K
  • 07 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Lake Rotoma
Lake Rotoma is the fourth largest lake of the 11 lakes in the Rotorua Lakes district, or the Hot Lakes district as it was known in the early decades of the 20th century. The Rotorua lakes are located in New Zealand's North Island in the Bay of Plenty Region. Lake Rotoma is the easternmost in the chain of three lakes to the northeast of Lake Rotorua The other two are Lake Rotoiti and Lake Rotoehu. Rotoma is located halfway between the city of Rotorua and town of Whakatane. Lake Rotoma has a high water quality with visibility up to around 13 metres deep. The lake has a maximum depth of 83 metres in the northern part and 73.5 metres in the southern part.
  • 1.9K
  • 24 Oct 2022
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