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HandWiki. Halemaʻumaʻu Crater. Encyclopedia. Available online: https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/36355 (accessed on 17 September 2026).
HandWiki. Halemaʻumaʻu Crater. Encyclopedia. Available at: https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/36355. Accessed September 17, 2026.
HandWiki. "Halemaʻumaʻu Crater" Encyclopedia, https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/36355 (accessed September 17, 2026).
HandWiki. (2022, November 24). Halemaʻumaʻu Crater. In Encyclopedia. https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/36355
HandWiki. "Halemaʻumaʻu Crater." Encyclopedia. Web. 24 November, 2022.
Halemaʻumaʻu Crater
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The content is sourced from: https://handwiki.org/wiki/Earth:Halema%CA%BBuma%CA%BBu_Crater

Halemaʻumaʻu Crater (six syllables: HAH-lay-MAH-oo-MAH-oo) is a pit crater located within the much larger summit caldera of Kīlauea in Hawaii Volcanoes National Park. The roughly circular crater was 770 meters (2,530 ft) x 900 m (2,950 ft) prior to collapses that roughly doubled the size of the crater after May 3, 2018. Halemaʻumaʻu is home to Pele, goddess of fire and volcanoes, according to the traditions of Hawaiian religion. Halemaʻumaʻu means "house of the ʻāmaʻu fern". The crater until recently contained an active lava lake. From 2008, when the current vent inside Halemaʻumaʻu crater first erupted, to April 2015, lava was present inside the vent, fluctuating from 20 to 150 meters below the crater rim. On April 24, 2015 molten lava in the vent, known as the Overlook Crater, became directly visible for the first time from the Jaggar Museum overlook at the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory, when the lava rose to an all-time high level since the Overlook Crater first opened. A few days later, on April 29, the lava started spilling over the rim of the Overlook Crater and onto the floor of Halemaʻumaʻu Crater, ultimately adding a layer of lava approximately 30 feet (9 m) thick to the crater floor. For three years from 2015 to 2018 the lava lake level remained close to the rim, with a further minor overflow event in October 2016 and a significant one in April 2018 that covered a majority of the crater floor in new lava. In early May 2018 the lava level in the Overlook Crater dropped over 700 feet and out of sight, resulting in explosions, earthquakes and large clouds of ash and toxic gas, causing closure of the Kīlauea summit area of the national park from May 10 to September 22. While the park visitor center and headquarters have reopened to the public, the crater is currently in a state of collapse that includes substantial portions of Kīlauea Caldera. The Jaggar Museum overlooking the crater remains closed.

pele halemaʻumaʻu lava lake

References

  1. William Ellis (1823). A journal of a tour around Hawai'i, the largest of the Sandwich Islands. Crocker and Brewster, New York, republished 2004, Mutual Publishing, Honolulu. ISBN 1-56647-605-4. https://books.google.com/books?id=dN8wuzrh6m8C&pg=PR1. 
  2. Mark Twain (1872). "LXXV". Roughing It. David Widger. http://www.fullbooks.com/Roughing-It-Part-8-.html. 
  3. Coan, Titus (1882). Life in Hawaii. New York: Anson Randolph & Company. http://www.soest.hawaii.edu/GG/HCV/COAN/coan-intro.html. 
  4. "The 1924 explosions of Kilauea". Hawaiian Volcano Observatory. May 1924. http://hvo.wr.usgs.gov/kilauea/history/1924May18/. Retrieved 2008-04-25. 
  5. Knabel, Sarah (2005-11-23). "Field Stop 12: Halema'uma'u Crater". Geography Capstone October 23, 2005. Archived from the original on December 11, 2012. https://archive.is/20121211114058/http://www.uwec.edu/jolhm/Hawaii2005/Day3/HIwebsite/FS12.htm. Retrieved 2009-07-09. 
  6. "Summary of Historical Eruptions, 1750 - Present". Hawaiian Volcano Observatory. 18 April 2005. http://hvo.wr.usgs.gov/kilauea/history/historytable.html. Retrieved 2008-04-23. 
  7. "New gas vent in Halemaʻumaʻu crater doubles sulfur dioxide emission rates". Hawaii Volcano Observatory (HVO) (HVO, USGS). March 14, 2008. http://hvo.wr.usgs.gov/pressreleases/pr03_14_08.html. 
  8. "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2008-03-28. https://web.archive.org/web/20080328002649/http://volcanoes.usgs.gov/Products/Pglossary/spatter.html. Retrieved 2008-04-23. 
  9. "Explosive eruption in Halema`uma`u Crater, Kilauea Volcano, is first since 1924". Hawaii Volcano Observatory (HVO) (HVO, USGS). March 19, 2008. http://hvo.wr.usgs.gov/pressreleases/pr03_19_08.html. 
  10. Dondoneau, Dave (March 19, 2008). "1st explosive eruption since 1924 reported at Kilauea". The Honolulu Advertiser (Gannett Corporation). http://www.honoluluadvertiser.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20080319/BREAKING01/80319046/-1/BREAKING01. Retrieved 2008-04-18. 
  11. Dayton, Kevin (April 9, 2008). "Volcano park evacuated; Blanket of toxic vog drifts over Big Isle but most residents stay put". The Honolulu Advertiser (Gannett Corporation). http://www.honoluluadvertiser.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20080409/NEWS01/804090433. Retrieved 2008-04-18. 
  12. "Halemaʻumaʻu gas plume becomes ash-laden". Hawaii Volcano Observatory (HVO), USGS. March 24, 2008. http://hvo.wr.usgs.gov/pressreleases/pr03_24_08.html. Retrieved 2008-04-22. 
  13. "Halema‘uma‘u Vent Explodes a Second Time". Hawaii Volcano Observatory (HVO), USGS. April 10, 2008. http://hvo.wr.usgs.gov/pressreleases/pr04_10_08.html. Retrieved 2008-04-22. 
  14. "KITV News, April 23, 2008". Kitv.com. 2008-04-23. http://www.kitv.com/r/15972877/detail.html. Retrieved 2013-12-27. 
  15. "Sloshing lava lake viewed within Halema'uma'u vent". Hawaii Volcano Observatory (HVO), USGS. September 5, 2008. http://hvo.wr.usgs.gov/pressreleases/pr09_05_08.html. Retrieved 2008-09-06. 
  16. "Volcanologist: Why live near Hawaii’s volcano". CNN Wire. May 6, 2018. http://cw39.com/2018/05/06/volcanologist-why-live-near-hawaiis-volcano/. Retrieved 2018-05-06. 
  17. [1]
  18. Changes in the Kīlauea caldera from May 14 to July 19, 2018 (Planet Labs Inc.) https://www.planet.com/stories/kilauea-caldera-p_5H8jpig
  19. "HVO Kilauea Status". http://hvo.wr.usgs.gov/activity/kilaueastatus.php.  April 24th Update
  20. "HVO Webcams". Volcanoes.usgs.gov. http://volcanoes.usgs.gov/hvo/cams/KIcam/. Retrieved 2013-12-27. 
  21. "HVO Webcams". Volcanoes.usgs.gov. http://volcanoes.usgs.gov/hvo/cams/HMcam/. Retrieved 2013-12-27. 
  22. http://www.staradvertiser.com/2018/07/02/hawaii-news/kilauea-eruption-has-shaken-volcano-village/
  23. "Summit lava lake still overflowing into crater". Star Advertiser. April 26, 2018. http://www.staradvertiser.com/2018/04/26/hawaii-news/summit-lava-lake-still-overflowing-into-crater/. Retrieved 27 April 2018. 
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