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Topic Review
NOD2 Gene
nucleotide binding oligomerization domain containing 2
  • 905
  • 24 Dec 2020
Topic Review
POGLUT1 Gene
protein O-glucosyltransferase 1
  • 905
  • 25 Dec 2020
Topic Review
Glycerol Kinase Deficiency
Glycerol kinase deficiency (GKD) is an X-linked recessive enzyme defect that is heterozygous in nature. Three clinically distinct forms of this deficiency have been proposed, namely infantile, juvenile, and adult. National Institutes of Health and its Office of Rare Diseases Research branch classifies GKD as a rare disease, known to affect fewer than 200,000 individuals in the United States. The responsible gene lies in a region containing genes in which deletions can cause Duchenne muscular dystrophy and adrenal hypoplasia congenita. Combinations of these three genetic defects including GKD are addressed medically as Complex GKD.
  • 905
  • 19 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Lenz Microphthalmia Syndrome
Lenz microphthalmia syndrome is a condition characterized by abnormal development of the eyes and several other parts of the body. It occurs almost exclusively in males.
  • 904
  • 23 Dec 2020
Topic Review
XDH Gene
Xanthine dehydrogenase
  • 904
  • 24 Dec 2020
Topic Review
Dopa-responsive Dystonia
Dopa-responsive dystonia is a disorder that involves involuntary muscle contractions, tremors, and other uncontrolled movements (dystonia). The features of this condition range from mild to severe. This form of dystonia is called dopa-responsive dystonia because the signs and symptoms typically improve with sustained use of a medication known as L-Dopa.
  • 904
  • 24 Dec 2020
Topic Review
Prader-Willi Syndrome
Prader-Willi syndrome is a complex genetic condition that affects many parts of the body. In infancy, this condition is characterized by weak muscle tone (hypotonia), feeding difficulties, poor growth, and delayed development. Beginning in childhood, affected individuals develop an insatiable appetite, which leads to chronic overeating (hyperphagia) and obesity. Some people with Prader-Willi syndrome, particularly those with obesity, also develop type 2 diabetes (the most common form of diabetes).
  • 904
  • 24 Dec 2020
Topic Review
Combined Pituitary Hormone Deficiency
Combined pituitary hormone deficiency is a condition that causes a shortage (deficiency) of several hormones produced by the pituitary gland, which is located at the base of the brain. A lack of these hormones may affect the development of many parts of the body. The first signs of this condition include a failure to grow at the expected rate and short stature that usually becomes apparent in early childhood.
  • 903
  • 24 Dec 2020
Topic Review
Chromosome 6
Humans normally have 46 chromosomes in each cell, divided into 23 pairs. Two copies of chromosome 6, one copy inherited from each parent, form one of the pairs.
  • 903
  • 24 Dec 2020
Topic Review
FTL Gene
Ferritin light chain
  • 903
  • 25 Dec 2020
Topic Review
GATA1 Gene
GATA binding protein 1
  • 903
  • 25 Dec 2020
Topic Review
EIF2AK4 Gene
Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 alpha kinase 4
  • 903
  • 25 Dec 2020
Topic Review
TNNT2 Gene
Troponin T2, cardiac type: The TNNT2 gene provides instructions for making a protein called cardiac troponin T, which is found solely in the heart (cardiac) muscle.
  • 903
  • 25 Dec 2020
Topic Review
Electrocochleography in Auditory Neuropathy
Auditory Neuropathy (AN) is characterized by disruption of temporal coding of acoustic signals in auditory nerve fibers resulting in alterations of auditory perceptions. Mutations in several genes have been associated to the most forms of AN. Underlying mechanisms include both pre-synaptic and post-synaptic damage involving inner hair cell (IHC) depolarization, neurotransmitter release, spike initiation in auditory nerve terminals, loss of auditory fibers and impaired conduction. In contrast, outer hair cell (OHC) activities (otoacoustic emissions [OAEs] and cochlear microphonic [CM]) are normal. Disordered synchrony of auditory nerve activity has been suggested as the basis of both the alterations of auditory brainstem responses (ABRs) and reduction of speech perception. Authors will review how electrocochleography (ECochG) recordings provide detailed information to help objectively define the sites of auditory neural dysfunction and their effect on receptor summating potential (SP) and neural compound action potential (CAP), the latter reflecting disorders of ribbon synapses and auditory nerve fibers.
  • 903
  • 30 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Trisomy 13
Trisomy 13, also called Patau syndrome, is a chromosomal condition associated with severe intellectual disability and physical abnormalities in many parts of the body.
  • 903
  • 23 Dec 2020
Topic Review
Vibratory Urticaria
Vibratory urticaria is a condition in which exposing the skin to vibration, repetitive stretching, or friction results in allergy symptoms such as hives (urticaria), swelling (angioedema), redness (erythema), and itching (pruritus) in the affected area.
  • 902
  • 23 Dec 2020
Topic Review
Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia
Acute promyelocytic leukemia is a form of acute myeloid leukemia, a cancer of the blood-forming tissue (bone marrow). In normal bone marrow, hematopoietic stem cells produce red blood cells (erythrocytes) that carry oxygen, white blood cells (leukocytes) that protect the body from infection, and platelets (thrombocytes) that are involved in blood clotting. In acute promyelocytic leukemia, immature white blood cells called promyelocytes accumulate in the bone marrow. The overgrowth of promyelocytes leads to a shortage of normal white and red blood cells and platelets in the body, which causes many of the signs and symptoms of the condition.
  • 902
  • 24 Dec 2020
Topic Review
X-linked Lymphoproliferative Disease
X-linked lymphoproliferative disease (XLP) is a disorder of the immune system and blood-forming cells that is found almost exclusively in males.
  • 902
  • 24 Dec 2020
Topic Review
Progressive Osseous Heteroplasia
Progressive osseous heteroplasia is a disorder in which bone forms within skin and muscle tissue.
  • 902
  • 24 Dec 2020
Topic Review
Factor XI Deficiency
Factor XI deficiency is a disorder that can cause abnormal bleeding due to a shortage (deficiency) of the factor XI protein, which is involved in blood clotting.
  • 902
  • 25 Dec 2020
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