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Topic Review
Combined Malonic and Methylmalonic Mciduria
Combined malonic and methylmalonic aciduria (CMAMMA) is a condition characterized by high levels of certain chemicals, known as malonic acid and methylmalonic acid, in the body. A distinguishing feature of this condition is higher levels of methylmalonic acid than malonic acid in the urine, although both are elevated.
  • 944
  • 24 Dec 2020
Topic Review
Blau Syndrome
Blau syndrome is an inflammatory disorder that primarily affects the skin, joints, and eyes. Signs and symptoms begin in childhood, usually before age 4.
  • 944
  • 24 Dec 2020
Topic Review
FOXG1 Gene
Forkhead box G1
  • 943
  • 25 Dec 2020
Topic Review
Recent Advances in Syndactyly
Syndactyly (SD) is a congenital digital malformation characterized by webbing of the fingers and toes. Syndactyly is derived from the Greek word “syn”, meaning together, and “dactylos”, meaning digits. It is one of the most common hereditary limb disorders, with a prevalence of 3–10 in every 10,000 births, although higher estimates in the range of 10–40/10,000 have been reported.
  • 943
  • 24 Jun 2022
Topic Review
Short-Chain Acyl-CoA Dehydrogenase Deficiency
Short-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (SCAD) deficiency is a condition that prevents the body from converting certain fats into energy, especially during periods without food (fasting).
  • 943
  • 25 Dec 2020
Topic Review
Non-Invasive Genetic Assessment in Wildlife Research
Genetic and genomic analyses are powerful tools in wildlife research. They might be able to yield the same information on, e.g., population size, health, or diet composition as other wildlife research methods, and even provide additional data that would not be possible to obtain by alternative means. If genetic material is obtained non-invasively, this approach might have no or only minimal impact on animal welfare. Noninvasive genetic sampling sensu lato is defined as "obtaining DNA without affecting the physical integrity of the animal through puncturing the skin or other entry into the body".
  • 943
  • 04 Nov 2021
Topic Review
Popliteal Pterygium Syndrome
Popliteal pterygium syndrome is a condition that affects the development of the face, skin, and genitals. Most people with this disorder are born with a cleft lip, a cleft palate (an opening in the roof of the mouth), or both. Affected individuals may have depressions (pits) near the center of the lower lip, which may appear moist due to the presence of salivary and mucous glands in the pits. Small mounds of tissue on the lower lip may also occur. In some cases, people with popliteal pterygium syndrome have missing teeth.
  • 943
  • 24 Dec 2020
Topic Review
Hydrodynamics-Based Transplacental Delivery of CRISPR/Cas9
We previously demonstrated that transplacental gene delivery (TPGD) method combined with CRISPR/Cas9 system can manipulate fetal genome in situ. Recently, we examined whether the endogenous gene (myosin heavy-chain α, MHCa) can be genome-edited by TPGD in the absence of a gene delivery reagent with potential fetal toxicity. For this, we employed a hydrodynamics-based gene delivery (HGD) system with the aim of ensuring biosafety. We also investigated which embryonic stages are suitable for the induction of genome editing in fetuses. As the results, it was indicated that the HGD-based TPGD of a genome editing vector enables to manipulate the fetal genomes.
  • 942
  • 29 Oct 2020
Topic Review
Intestinal Pseudo-Obstruction
Intestinal pseudo-obstruction is a condition characterized by impairment of the muscle contractions that move food through the digestive tract.
  • 942
  • 23 Dec 2020
Topic Review
Scalp-Ear-Nipple Syndrome
Scalp-ear-nipple syndrome, as its name suggests, is a condition characterized by abnormalities of the scalp, ears, and nipples. Less frequently, affected individuals have problems affecting other parts of the body. The features of this disorder can vary even within the same family.
  • 942
  • 24 Dec 2020
Topic Review
Predicting Physical Appearance from DNA- Towards Genomic Solutions
The idea of forensic DNA intelligence is to extract from genomic data any information that can help guide the investigation. The advances in understanding the genetics of various human phenotypes, the progress in high-throughput genotyping technologies and machine-learning methods allow the prediction of physical appearance traits. In addition, the evolution of approaches to genetic prediction of physical traits from building predictive models based on variables showing genetic association to variables that improve prediction performance is presented.
  • 942
  • 29 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Difficulties in Kinship Analysis in Armed Conflicts
Regarding human identification in armed conflicts, various complications can be observed. Usually, such difficulties can be social-related, which can include the lack of access to the relative’s genetic material, or the unwillingness of administrative and judicial authorities to participate in the process of identification. In the case of genetics, the analysis allows identifying the individual from a blood sample, a part of an organ, or from skeletal remains, which is why it is considered a much more extensive and effective method when compared with fingerprint techniques or odontology. However, several factors can prevent this identification, such as considerably degraded genetic material. For successful identification, it is mandatory to have access to antemortem biological samples unequivocally attributed to the individual in question, using recombinant nuclear markers, as well as using biological samples from close relatives, whether parents or sons. Nevertheless, the problems associated with armed conflicts make this type of study very difficult.
  • 942
  • 05 Jun 2023
Topic Review
RAF1 Gene
Raf-1 proto-oncogene, serine/threonine kinase
  • 942
  • 23 Dec 2020
Topic Review
Chronic Granulomatous Disease
Chronic granulomatous disease is a disorder that causes the immune system to malfunction, resulting in a form of immunodeficiency.
  • 941
  • 24 Dec 2020
Topic Review
CASR Gene
calcium sensing receptor
  • 941
  • 24 Dec 2020
Topic Review
Up-Frameshift Protein 1 in Human Disorders
Up-frameshift protein 1 (UPF1) plays the role of a vital controller for transcripts, ready to react in the event of an incorrect translation mechanism. It is well known as one of the key elements involved in mRNA decay pathways and participates in transcript and protein quality control in several different aspects. Firstly, UPF1 specifically degrades premature termination codon (PTC)-containing products in a nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD)-coupled manner. Additionally, UPF1 can potentially act as an E3 ligase and degrade target proteins independently from mRNA decay pathways. Thus, UPF1 protects cells against the accumulation of misfolded polypeptides. However, this multitasking protein may still hide many of its functions and abilities.
  • 941
  • 18 May 2023
Topic Review
LINC00493/SMIM26 and Its Dual Functioning
In the present study, we investigate the widely expressed lncRNA LINC00493. We determine the structure of the LINC00493 transcript, its cell localization and influence on cell physiology. Our data demonstrate that LINC00493 has an influence on cell viability in a cell-type-specific manner. Furthermore, it was recently shown that LINC00493 has a sORF that is translated into small protein SMIM26. The results of our knockdown and overexpression experiments suggest that both LINC00493/SMIM26 transcript and protein affect cell viability, but in the opposite manner. 
  • 940
  • 20 Aug 2021
Topic Review
Meier-Gorlin Syndrome
Meier-Gorlin syndrome is a condition primarily characterized by short stature.
  • 939
  • 23 Dec 2020
Topic Review
Saethre-Chotzen syndrome
Saethre-Chotzen syndrome is a genetic condition characterized by the premature fusion of certain skull bones (craniosynostosis).
  • 939
  • 24 Dec 2020
Topic Review
REN-related Kidney Disease
REN-related kidney disease is an inherited condition that affects kidney function.
  • 938
  • 24 Dec 2020
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