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Topic Review
Sami (Chimpanzee)
Sami (Serbian Cyrillic: Сами; 1979 – 11 September 1992) was a chimpanzee who was kept at the Belgrade Zoo between January 1988 and September 1992. Sami managed to escape from his enclosure twice within the span of several days in February 1988; he was recaptured both times. During his first escape attempt, Sami headed for the Balkan Cinema in downtown Belgrade and then to Kalemegdan Park. Before he could reach Kalemegdan Park, Sami was cornered at Students Square. He was eventually convinced to return to his enclosure by zoo director Vuk Bojović, who took Sami by the hand and drove him back to the zoo in his car. Sami's second escape attempt, which occurred two days later, was the subject of intense media scrutiny. Over 4,000 Belgraders, many of whom identified with the chimpanzee's predicament and drew parallels between Sami's captivity and their own plight under communism, gathered outside the courtyard where Sami had been cornered and held up placards imploring Sami not to give himself up. Sami was eventually shot with a tranquilizer dart and taken back to the zoo. The publicity sparked by Sami's two escape attempts prompted calls for infrastructure improvements to the Belgrade Zoo, leading to the construction of a new gate and several new enclosures. Sami died of natural causes in 1992 and was buried at the lawn next to the zoo's entrance. Four years later, a bronze statue of the chimpanzee was unveiled at the zoo.
  • 926
  • 31 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Metagonimiasis
Metagonimiasis is a disease caused by an intestinal trematode, most commonly Metagonimus yokagawai, but sometimes by M. takashii or M. miyatai. The metagonimiasis-causing flukes are one of two minute flukes called the heterophyids. Metagonimiasis was described by Katsurasa in 1911–1913 when he first observed eggs of M. yokagawai in feces (date is disputed in various studies). M. takahashii was described later first by Suzuki in 1930 and then M. miyatai was described in 1984 by Saito.
  • 926
  • 04 Nov 2022
Biography
Elkhan Nuriyev
Elkhan Nuriyev (Russian: Эльхан Эльдарович Нуриев) (Azerbaijani: Elxan Eldar oğlu Nuriyev; born 15 May 1969, Baku, Azerbaijan) is a political scientist and a scholar of Russian and post-Soviet studies, including the Caucasus, Central Asia and the Greater Middle East. He publishes widely and conducts regular briefings at the request of the international organizations and th
  • 926
  • 28 Nov 2022
Biography
Miklós Kásler
Miklós Kásler (born 1 March 1950) is a Hungarian oncologist, professor, director of the National Institute of Oncology, and since 2018 Minister of Human Resources. "Each result of science prooves that there is a spiritual existence in the world where everything can be traced back to." His father, Dr István Kásler (born 1918, Déva (today Romania)) was a jurist and his mother, Aranka
  • 926
  • 01 Dec 2022
Biography
Gereon Niedner-Schatteburg
Gereon Niedner-Schatteburg (born 21 November 1959, geb. Niedner) is a German Physicist and Chemist. He is Professor of Physical Chemistry at the Department of Chemistry of the University of Kaiserslautern. Since 2011 he acts as director of the DFG funded transregional collaborative research center SFB/TRR 88 3MET.de. Niedner-Schatteburg received his secondary school certificate 1975 in Kreien
  • 926
  • 20 Dec 2022
Biography
Gerald J. Fishman
Gerald Jay (Jerry) Fishman (born February 10, 1943) is an American research astrophysicist, specializing in gamma-ray astronomy. His research interests also include space and nuclear instrumentation and radiation in space. A native of St. Louis, Missouri, Fishman obtained a B.S. with Honors degree in Physics from the University of Missouri in 1965, followed by M.S. and Ph.D. degrees in Space Sci
  • 923
  • 18 Nov 2022
Topic Review
HSD2 Neurons
HSD2 neurons are a small group of neurons in the brainstem which are uniquely sensitive to the mineralocorticosteroid hormone aldosterone, through expression of HSD11B2. They are located within the caudal medulla oblongata, in the nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS). HSD2 neurons are activated during a prolonged deficit in body sodium or fluid volume, as occurs after dietary sodium deprivation or during frank hypovolemia. They are also activated by supraphysiologic stimulation of the mineralocorticoid receptor. They are inactivated when salt is ingested. To date, HSD2 neurons have been identified and studied only in rats and mice.
  • 922
  • 18 Oct 2022
Biography
Vitaly Alexandrovich Khonik
Khonik Vitaly Alexandrovich (Russian: Хоник Виталий Александрович; born 17 December 1955) is a Russian physicist, doctor of physics and mathematics, professor, head of a laboratory researching the physics of non-crystalline materials, and head of the Department of General Physics at Voronezh State Pedagogical University (VSPU). He was born in Kemerovo, USSR. [1] His lab
  • 920
  • 15 Nov 2022
Biography
Temple F. Smith
Temple Ferris Smith (born March 7, 1939) is an emeritus professor in biomedical engineering[1][2] who helped to develop the Smith-Waterman algorithm with Michael Waterman in 1981. The Smith-Waterman algorithm serves as the basis for multi sequence comparisons, identifying the segment with the maximum local sequence similarity, see sequence alignment. This algorithm is used for identifying simila
  • 920
  • 30 Nov 2022
Biography
Lloyd Rudolph
Lloyd I. Rudolph (November 1, 1927 – January 16, 2016) was an American author, political thinker, educationist and the Professor Emeritus of Political Science at the University of Chicago, known for his scholarship and writings on the India social and political milieu.[1] The Government of India, in 2014, honored Lloyd Rudolph and his wife, Susanne Hoeber Rudolph, for their services to litera
  • 920
  • 26 Dec 2022
Biography
G. Peter Lepage
G. Peter Lepage (born 13 April 1952) is a Canadian American theoretical physicist and an academic administrator.[1] He was the Harold Tanner Dean of the College of Arts and Sciences at Cornell University from 2003 to 2013.[1][2] Gerard Peter Lepage was born in Canada in 1952. Lepage studied at McGill University and graduated with a bachelor's degree in honours physics in 1972 and the Universi
  • 919
  • 16 Nov 2022
Biography
Nils Muižnieks
Nils Muižnieks (born 31 January 1964 in the United States) is a Latvian-American human rights activist and political scientist. He had served as the Council of Europe's Commissioner for Human Rights between 2012 and 2018, succeeding Thomas Hammarberg (2006–2012) and Álvaro Gil-Robles (1999–2006). Muižnieks' parents, Ansis and Ingrid, were both refugees who left Latvia in 1944. They spe
  • 918
  • 15 Nov 2022
Biography
Philip Fearnside
Philip Martin Fearnside (born May 25, 1947) is an American biologist and scientist, active for many years in Brazil , where he developed the most important part of his career and gained wide national and international notoriety. Fearnside was born in Berkeley, California, and has a bachelor's degree in biology at Colorado College. At the University of Michigan, he did his master's and doctora
  • 918
  • 29 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Influenzavirus D
Influenza virus D is a genus in the virus family Orthomyxoviridae, which includes the viruses that cause influenza. The species in this genus is called Influenza D virus. Influenza D viruses are known to infect pigs and cattle; no human infections from this virus have yet been observed. First isolated from pigs in 2011, the virus was categorized as a new genus of Orthomyxoviridae in 2016, distinct from the previously-known Influenzavirus C genus; before then, Influenzavirus D was thought to be a subtype of Influenzavirus C. Cases of infections from the Type D virus are rare compared to Types A, B, and C. Similar to Type C, Type D has 7 RNA segments and encodes 9 proteins, while Types A and B have 8 RNA segments and encode at least 10 proteins.
  • 917
  • 07 Nov 2022
Biography
Gerson Goldhaber
Gerson Goldhaber (February 20, 1924 – July 19, 2010) was a Germany -born American particle physicist and astrophysicist. He was one of the discoverers of the J/ψ meson which confirmed the existence of the charm quark.[1] He worked at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory with the Supernova Cosmology Project,[2] and was a professor of physics at the University of California, Berkeley as well a
  • 917
  • 16 Nov 2022
Topic Review
International Primate Day
International Primate Day, September 1, is an annual educational observance event organized since 2005 largely by British-based Animal Defenders International (ADI) and supported annually by various primate-oriented advocacy organizations, speaks for all higher and lower primates, typically endorsing humane agendas where primates are at risk, as in research institutions or species endangerment in precarious environmental situations. The event is increasingly practiced by primate advocacy nonprofits in several nations. AOL News has covered the observance each year since 2005, and YahooNews has more recently begun reporting the event. In 2007, according to Animal Defenders International (ADI), "‘Monkey in a Cage’ by Maria Daines topped the Indie music chart in the week following International Primate Day after a campaign enabling people to download via our websites." In 2016, Animal Defenders International (ADI) received a celebrity endorsement from Moby for their attempt to help the Barbary macaques for that year's event.
  • 917
  • 22 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Sleep and Chronic Spinal Pain
Spinal pain consisting of both neck and low back pain is an ubiquitous disorder whereby a substantial number of patients develop recurrent or chronic complaints. The underlying pathophysiology of the chronic variant points in the direction of alterations in the central nervous system and also involves psychological factors. Besides a major socio-economic impact on both the patient and society, the disabling character of chronic spinal pain (CSP) also negatively affects quality of life parameters and sleep.
  • 916
  • 08 Sep 2021
Topic Review
Phagedenic Gingivitis
Acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis (ANUG) is a common, non-contagious infection of the gums with sudden onset. The main features are painful, bleeding gums, and ulceration of inter-dental papillae (the sections of gum between adjacent teeth). This disease, along with necrotizing (ulcerative) periodontitis (NP or NUP) is classified as a necrotizing periodontal disease, one of the seven general types of gum disease caused by inflammation of the gums (periodontitis). The often severe gum pain that characterizes ANUG distinguishes it from the more common chronic periodontitis which is rarely painful. If ANUG is improperly treated or neglected, it may become chronic and/or recurrent. The causative organisms are mostly anaerobic bacteria, particularly Fusobacteriota and spirochete species. Predisposing factors include poor oral hygiene, smoking, poor nutrition, psychological stress, and a weakened immune system. When the attachments of the teeth to the bone are involved, the term NUP is used. Treatment of ANUG is by removal of dead gum tissue and antibiotics (usually metronidazole) in the acute phase, and improving oral hygiene to prevent recurrence. Although the condition has a rapid onset and is debilitating, it usually resolves quickly and does no serious harm. The informal name trench mouth arose during World War I as many soldiers developed the disease, probably because of the poor conditions and extreme psychological stress.
  • 916
  • 04 Nov 2022
Biography
George Yuri Rainich
George Yuri Rainich (March 25, 1886 in Odessa – October 10, 1968) was a leading mathematical physicist in the early twentieth century. Rainich studied mathematics from 1904 to 1908 in Odessa, in Göttingen (1905–1906), and in Munich (1906–1907), eventually obtaining his doctorate (Magister of Pure Mathematics) in 1913 from the University of Kazan. After teaching at the University of Kaz
  • 914
  • 16 Dec 2022
Biography
Matthew Luckiesh
Matthew Luckiesh DSc, DE, (September 14, 1883 Maquoketa, Iowa – November 2, 1967 Shaker Heights, Ohio) was a physicist and, as the Director of General Electric's Lighting Research Laboratory at its Nela Park National Lamps Works facility in East Cleveland, Ohio, he pursued research on light and vision.[1] In his day, he was known as the "Father of the Science of Seeing."[1] Luckiesh developed
  • 913
  • 20 Dec 2022
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