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HandWiki. Influenzavirus D. Encyclopedia. Available online: https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/33184 (accessed on 26 September 2026).
HandWiki. Influenzavirus D. Encyclopedia. Available at: https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/33184. Accessed September 26, 2026.
HandWiki. "Influenzavirus D" Encyclopedia, https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/33184 (accessed September 26, 2026).
HandWiki. (2022, November 07). Influenzavirus D. In Encyclopedia. https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/33184
HandWiki. "Influenzavirus D." Encyclopedia. Web. 07 November, 2022.
Influenzavirus D
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The content is sourced from: https://handwiki.org/wiki/Biology:Influenzavirus_D

Influenza virus D is a genus in the virus family Orthomyxoviridae, which includes the viruses that cause influenza. The species in this genus is called Influenza D virus. Influenza D viruses are known to infect pigs and cattle; no human infections from this virus have yet been observed. First isolated from pigs in 2011, the virus was categorized as a new genus of Orthomyxoviridae in 2016, distinct from the previously-known Influenzavirus C genus; before then, Influenzavirus D was thought to be a subtype of Influenzavirus C. Cases of infections from the Type D virus are rare compared to Types A, B, and C. Similar to Type C, Type D has 7 RNA segments and encodes 9 proteins, while Types A and B have 8 RNA segments and encode at least 10 proteins.

orthomyxoviridae influenza influenzavirus

References

  1. Shuo Su; Xinliang Fu; Gairu Li; Fiona Kerlin; Michael Veit (25 August 2017). "Novel Influenza D virus: Epidemiology, pathology, evolution and biological characteristics". Virulence 8 (8): 1580–1591. doi:10.1080/21505594.2017.1365216. PMID 28812422. PMC 5810478. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5810478/. 
  2. “Seasonal Influenza (Flu)” Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. March 22, 2012. https://www.cdc.gov/flu/about/viruses/types.htm
  3. Margaret Hunt. “Microbiology and Immunology On-line” University of South Carolina School of Medicine. 2009. http://pathmicro.med.sc.edu/mhunt/flu.htm
  4. 2016. "Influenza C and Influenza D Viruses". https://www.swinehealth.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/03/Influenza-virus-C-IVC-and-influenza-virus-D-IVD.pdf. Retrieved 28 September 2018. 
  5. World Health Organization (2006). "Review of latest available evidence on potential transmission of avian influenza (H5H1) through water and sewage and ways to reduce the risks to human health" (PDF). http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/204275/1/WHO_SDE_WSH_06.1_eng.pdf. 
  6. Pattison; McMullin; Bradbury; Alexander (2008). Poultry Diseases (6th ed.). Elsevier. pp. 317. ISBN 978-0-7020-28625. 
  7. "Influenza virus assembly: effect of influenza virus glycoproteins on the membrane association of M1 protein". J. Virol. 74 (18): 8709–19. 2000. PMID 10954572. PMC 116382. http://jvi.asm.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=10954572. 
  8. "The influenza virus nucleoprotein: a multifunctional RNA-binding protein pivotal to virus replication". J. Gen. Virol. 83 (Pt 4): 723–34. 2002. doi:10.1099/0022-1317-83-4-723. PMID 11907320. http://jgv.microbiologyresearch.org/pubmed/content/journal/jgv/10.1099/0022-1317-83-4-723. 
  9. "A seven-segmented influenza A virus expressing the influenza C virus glycoprotein HEF". J. Virol. 82 (13): 6419–26. 2008. doi:10.1128/JVI.00514-08. PMID 18448539. PMC 2447078. http://jvi.asm.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=18448539. 
  10. "Structural basis for membrane fusion by enveloped viruses". Mol. Membr. Biol. 16 (1): 3–9. 1999. PMID 10332732.  http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10332732
  11. Wagaman, Spence & O'Callaghan 1989
  12. "Clinical features of influenza C virus infection in children". J. Infect. Dis. 193 (9): 1229–35. 2006. doi:10.1086/502973. PMID 16586359. https://academic.oup.com/jid/article-lookup/doi/10.1086/502973. 
  13. "Sero-epidemiological survey of influenza C virus infection in Spain". Eur. J. Epidemiol. 10 (1): 91–94. 1994. PMID 7957798.  http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7957798
  14. Nelson, DL; Cox, MM (2013). Principles of Biochemistry (6th ed.). pp. 179. ISBN 978-1-4292-3414-6. 
  15. "The efficacy of live attenuated, cold-adapted, trivalent, intranasal influenzavirus vaccine in children". N. Engl. J. Med. 338 (20): 1405–12. 1998. doi:10.1056/NEJM199805143382002. PMID 9580647. http://www.nejm.org/doi/abs/10.1056/NEJM199805143382002. 
  16. "Safety, efficacy and effectiveness of cold-adapted, live, attenuated, trivalent, intranasal influenza vaccine in adults and children". Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B Biol. Sci. 356 (1416): 1947–51. 2001. doi:10.1098/rstb.2001.0982. PMID 11779396. PMC 1088573. http://rstb.royalsocietypublishing.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=11779396. 
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