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Biography
Margaret MacVicar
Margaret L.A. (Scotty) MacVicar (November 20, 1943 – September 30, 1991) was an United States physicist and educator. In addition to serving as MIT's Dean of Undergraduate Education (1985–1990), MacVicar is credited with founding the now widely emulated Undergraduate Research Opportunities Program (UROP) in 1969.[1] MacVicar received her undergraduate and graduate degrees at MIT and joined t
  • 1.1K
  • 30 Dec 2022
Biography
David E. Aspnes
David Erik Aspnes (born 1 May 1939 in Madison, Wisconsin) is an American physicist and a member of the National Academy of Sciences (1998). Aspnes developed fundamental theories of the linear and nonlinear optical properties of materials and thin films, and the technology of spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE). SE is a metrology that is indispensable in the manufacture of integrated circuits. Asp
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  • 26 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Bioprinting of Organ-on-Chip Systems
Bioprinting involves the spatial patterning of living cells and other biologics by stacking them using a computer-aided layer-by-layer deposition approach to fabricate living tissue-like constructs. It has the ability to create channels that have features with complex design and is a one-step fabrication process. In addition, it has the potential to be fully automated, maintain accuracy, and be replicated with relative ease.
  • 1.1K
  • 08 Sep 2021
Topic Review
Bet Hedging
Biological bet hedging occurs when organisms suffer decreased fitness in their typical conditions in exchange for increased fitness in stressful conditions. Biological bet hedging was originally proposed to explain the observation of a seed bank, or a reservoir of ungerminated seeds in the soil. For example, an annual plant's fitness is maximized for that year if all of its seeds germinate. However, if a drought occurs that kills germinated plants, but not ungerminated seeds, plants with seeds remaining in the seed bank will have a fitness advantage. Therefore, it can be advantageous for plants to "hedge their bets" in case of a drought by producing some seeds that germinate immediately and other seeds that lie dormant. Other examples of biological bet hedging include female multiple mating, foraging behavior in bumble bees, nutrient storage in rhizobia, and bacterial persistence in the presence of antibiotics.
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  • 11 Oct 2022
Biography
Alexey Kavokin
Alexey V. Kavokin (born 7 March 1970 in Leningrad) is a Russian and French theoretical physicist and writer.[1] He is an expert in solid state optics and semiconductor physics.[2] He graduated from the Saint Petersburg Polytechnical University in 1991. He was a member of staff of the Ioffe Physico-Technical institute (1992 – 2000). He graduated from the Ioffe Physico-Technical institute in
  • 1.1K
  • 23 Nov 2022
Biography
Elizabeth Lack
Elizabeth Lack (1916–2015) was a British ornithologist and researcher, best known for her contributions to the massive reference book, A Dictionary of Birds. Born Elizabeth Silva in June 1916 in Hertfordshire, England, her father was starch manufacturer, Jack Silva of Kent. She grew passionate about birds and nature while she was still a young girl. She also had parallel interests in violin
  • 1.1K
  • 28 Dec 2022
Topic Review
The Effect of Dynamic Lighting
Dynamic CCT lighting is proposed as a method to control sleep quality, and a novel hypnotic lighting system is developed according to the experimental design.
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  • 10 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Neutral Spine
Good posture refers to the "three natural curves [that] are present in a healthy spine". It is also called neutral spine. Looking directly at the front or back of the body, the 33 vertebrae in the spinal column should appear completely vertical. From a side view, the cervical (neck) region of the spine (C1–C7) is bent inward, the thoracic (upper back) region (T1–T12) bends outward, and the lumbar (lower back) region (L1–L5) bends inward. The sacrum (tailbone area) (S1–S5 fused) and coccyx (on average 4 fused) rest between the pelvic bones. A neutral pelvis is in fact slightly anteriorly rotated which means the anterior superior iliac spines should be just in front of the pubic symphysis not in the same vertical line.
  • 1.1K
  • 01 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Recovery of Antioxidants from Agro-Industrial Side Streams
Agro-industrial side streams covers a wide range of products available as raw materials. These can serve as a source of other added value products, under the nomenclature of biowaste. Food waste are generated from different sectors of food industry, such as vegetables, fruits, milk, meat, fish, and wine production. Recovered compounds can be re-utilized as food additives, functional foods, nutra-/pharmaceuticals, cosmeceuticals, beauty products, and bio-packaging. 
  • 1.1K
  • 20 Sep 2022
Topic Review
Nanoemulgels for Bioavailability Enhancement via Topical Delivery
Nanoemulgels (NEGs) are novel drug delivery systems that aim to improve the solubility and permeability of drugs across the biological membrane. The nano-sized droplets in the nanoemulsion enhance the permeation of the formulation, along with surfactants and co-surfactants that act as permeation enhancers and can further improve permeability. The hydrogel component of NEG helps to increase the viscosity and spreadability of the formulation, making it ideal for topical application. Moreover, oils that have anti-inflammatory properties, such as eucalyptus oil, emu oil and clove oil, are used as oil phases in the preparation of the nanoemulsion, which shows a synergistic effect with active moiety and enhances its overall therapeutic profile. This leads to the creation of hydrophobic drugs that possess enhanced pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties, and simultaneously avoid systemic side effects in individuals with external inflammatory disorders. The nanoemulsion’s effective spreadability, ease of application, non-invasive administration, and subsequent ability to achieve patient compliance make it more suitable for topical application in the combat of many inflammatory disorders, such as dermatitis, psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis and so on. Although the large-scale practical application of NEG is limited due to problems regarding its scalability and thermodynamic instability, which arise from the use of high-energy approaches during the production of the nanoemulsion, these can be resolved by the advancement of an alternative nanoemulsification technique. 
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  • 09 May 2023
Biography
Epaminondas Stassinopoulos
Epaminondas George Aristotle Alexander Stassinopoulos (born 17 January 1921) is the retired head of the Radiation Physics Office and current Emeritus Astrophysicist at the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)'s Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland. He is the author of numerous papers and articles in the field of space radiation. The younger son of Helene Costi vo
  • 1.1K
  • 12 Dec 2022
Biography
Ulf Leonhardt
Ulf Leonhardt, FRSE (born 9 October 1965 in Schlema, Germany) is a German and British scientist. In 2006, he published the first scientific paper on invisibility cloaking with metamaterials at the same time Pendry's group published their paper in the journal Science. He has been involved with the science of cloaking objects since then.[1][2][3][4] He is a Wolfson Research Merit Award holder fro
  • 1.1K
  • 09 Dec 2022
Biography
Joe Wiseman Howland
Joe Wiseman Howland, M.D., Ph.D. (21 December 1908 – 12 October 1978) a pioneer researcher in radiation toxicity, health and safety. Howland served as a Major in the U.S. Army as Chief, Research Branch, Medical Division on the Manhattan Project. He worked in the Medical Division of the Atomic Energy Project at the University of Rochester. Dr. Howland was a consultant on radiation exposure, occ
  • 1.1K
  • 16 Dec 2022
Biography
Terry Speed
Terence Paul "Terry" Speed (born 14 March 1943),[1] FAA FRS[2] is an Australia n statistician. A senior principal research scientist at the Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research,[3][4][5] he is known for his contributions to the analysis of variance and bioinformatics, and in particular to the analysis of microarray data. Speed obtained a Ph.D. from Monash University in 1968 wit
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  • 21 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Crossiella in Caves
The genus Crossiella contains two species, C. equi, causing nocardioform placentitis in horses, and C. cryophila, an environmental bacterium.
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  • 19 Jun 2023
Biography
Lillian Hoddeson
Lillian Hartman Hoddeson (born 20 December 1940, in New York City)[1] is an American historian of science, specializing in the history of physics and technology during the 2nd half of the 20th century. Hoddeson received in 1957 a high school diploma from the Bronx High School of Science, in 1961 a bachelor's degree in physics from Barnard College, and in 1966 a Ph.D. in physics from Columbia
  • 1.1K
  • 09 Dec 2022
Biography
Najaf Lakzaee
Najaf Lakzaee (born 1969) is a researcher of religious and political sciences. He holds a PhD in political studies from Imam Sadiq University. He has passed Islamic seminary education up to the level of ijtihad. He is the lecturer in department of political sciences of Baqir al-'Ulum University, was previous cultural deputy of the Ahl al-Bayt (a) World Assembly and is now the director of Islamic
  • 1.1K
  • 15 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Methods Used to Study Memory
The study of memory incorporates research methodologies from neuropsychology, human development and animal testing using a wide range of species. The complex phenomenon of memory is explored by combining evidence from many areas of research. New technologies, experimental methods and animal experimentation have led to an increased understanding of the workings of memory.
  • 1.1K
  • 18 Nov 2022
Biography
Yuri Nikolaevich Denisyuk
Yuri Nikolaevich Denisyuk (July 27, 1927 in Sochi — May 14, 2006 in Saint Petersburg) was a Soviet physicist, one of the founders of optical holography. He is known for his great contribution to holography, in particular for the so-called "Denisyuk hologram". He is a full member of the Russian Academy of Sciences (1992; corresponding member since 1970), doctor of physical and mathematical scie
  • 1.1K
  • 29 Dec 2022
Biography
Sérgio Trindade
Sérgio Campos Trindade (14 December 1940[1] — 18 March 2020) was a Brazilian chemical engineer and researcher, specialist in renewable energies and consultant in sustainable business. Trindade was the coordinating lead author for a chapter of an Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) report, Methodological and Technical Issues in Technology Transfer (2000); the IPCC as an organizati
  • 1.1K
  • 29 Dec 2022
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