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Topic Review
New-Generation Batteries Technologies
Battery technologies have recently undergone significant advancements in design and manufacturing to meet the performance requirements of a wide range of applications, including electromobility and stationary domains. For e-mobility, batteries are essential components in various types of electric vehicles (EVs), including battery electric vehicles (BEVs), plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs), and fuel cell electric vehicles (FCEVs). These EVs rely on diverse charging systems, including conventional charging, fast-charging, and vehicle-to-everything (V2X) systems. In stationary applications, batteries are increasingly being employed for the electrical management of micro/smart grids as transient buffer energy storage. Batteries are commonly used in conjunction with power electronic interfaces to adapt to the specific requirements of various applications. Furthermore, power electronic interfaces to batteries themselves have evolved technologically, resulting in more efficient, thermally efficient, compact, and robust power converter architectures. 
  • 320
  • 14 Nov 2023
Topic Review
A Review of Lunar Communications and Antennas
Over the previous two decades, a notable array of space exploration missions have been initiated with the primary aim of facilitating the return of both humans and robots from Earth to the moon. The significance of these endeavors cannot be emphasized enough as numerous entities, both public and private, from across the globe have invested substantial resources into this pursuit. Researchers have committed their efforts to addressing the challenges linked to lunar communication. Even with all of these efforts, only a few of the many suggested designs for communication and antennas on the moon have been evaluated and compared. These designs have also not beenshared with the scientific community. To bridge this gap in the existing body of knowledge, this paper conducts a thorough review of lunar surface communication and the diverse antenna designs employed in lunar communication systems. This paper provides a summary of the findings presented in lunar surface communication research while also outlining the assorted challenges that impact lunar communication. Apart from various antenna designs reported in this field, based on their intended usage, two additional classifications are introduced: (a) mission-based antennas—utilized in actual lunar missions—and (b) research-based antennas—employed solely for research purposes. Given the critical need to comprehend and predict lunar conditions and antenna behaviors within those conditions, this review holds immense significance. Its relevance is particularly pronounced in light of the numerous upcoming lunar missions that have been announced.
  • 317
  • 21 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Smart Electrical Networks Based on Renewable Sources
The advent of the Fourth Industrial Revolution facilitates real-time data exchange among a diverse array of intelligent meters for various purposes, enabling the integration of smart grids with Industry 4.0. This integration leads to more efficient and sustainable industrial processes, improved energy management, and cost savings. 
  • 317
  • 18 Jan 2024
Topic Review
The Implementation of Precise Point Positioning
High-precision positioning from Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) has garnered increased interest due to growing demand in various applications, like autonomous car navigation and precision agriculture. Precise Point Positioning (PPP) offers a distinct advantage over differential techniques by enabling precise position determination of a GNSS rover receiver through the use of external corrections sourced from either the Internet or dedicated correction satellites. However, PPP’s implementation has been challenging due to the need to mitigate numerous GNSS error sources, many of which are eliminated in differential techniques such as Real-Time Kinematics (RTK) or overlooked in Standard Point Positioning (SPP).
  • 314
  • 07 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Dust Properties on Photovoltaic Systems
As conventional energy sources decrease and worldwide power demand grows, the appeal of photovoltaic (PV) systems as sustainable and ecofriendly energy sources has grown. PV system installation is influenced by geographical location, orientation, and inclination angle. Dust is a collection of tiny particles composed of microscopic solid inorganic and organic particles such as soil particles, ash (including pollutants from factories, vehicles, and firewood), bacteria, and so on, that has a diameter smaller than that of the air 500–1000 µm. These particles vary in size, volume, chemical concentration, and shape. Dust properties, such as size, shape, chemical composition, transmittance, absorption, reflection, thermal conductivity, and emissivity, can all affect the thermal and electrical behavior of PV systems. It is essential to consider that dust properties can vary depending on the location and environmental conditions. 
  • 312
  • 17 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Vacuum Switching Devices in Medium-Voltage Networks
The development of power grid infrastructure and increasingly stringent environmental regulations have intensified work, carried out by researchers and electrical equipment manufacturers, to develop innovative gas-insulated, environmentally neutral devices. The emergence of new designs of circuit breakers and disconnectors, in which the resulting electric arc is extinguished in a vacuum environment, requires the development of appropriate techniques for diagnosing the chambers responsible for the dielectric parameters of the device. 
  • 311
  • 22 Mar 2023
Topic Review
Precise Electrical Load Prediction
In the energy-planning sector, the precise prediction of electrical load is a critical matter for the functional operation of power systems and the efficient management of markets.
  • 309
  • 26 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Power Line Insulators in Digital Images
The power infrastructure is of key importance for the proper functioning of the economy, both industry and services, and for the stable functioning of households.
  • 308
  • 28 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Multimodal Biometric Identification System
In the past two decades, many physical and behavioral biometric modalities have been under extensive research, such as fingerprints, palm prints, palms/Finger Textures, faces, irises, voice, gait and signature. All these modalities are vulnerable to presentation spoof attacks; hence, the level of provided security is compromised. Fingerprint- and palm-print-based biometric systems may be deceived by using gelatin or clay-made artificial fingerprint surfaces or images. Biometric systems using faces as a biometric modality may be attacked by using photographs, 3-D face models and recorded short clips. Iris-based biometric systems may encounter spoof attacks by employing iris images taken from enrolled users. Voice- and gait-based biometric systems may be attacked by feeding prerecorded audio and video to the recognition system, respectively. 
  • 308
  • 21 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Machine Learning Algorithm for Service Robots in Industry
The definition of a robot by Gonzalez-Aguirre et al. has been defined in three classes with a focus on the human–robot interaction. According to the first definition, the robot completely replaces the human worker in a dangerous or polluted environment that is unsuitable for human work.
  • 307
  • 25 Jan 2024
Topic Review
BESS Performance in Providing Various Electricity Market Services
The Battery Energy Storage System (BESS) is one of the possible solutions to overcoming the non-programmability associated with these energy sources. The capabilities of BESSs to store a consistent amount of energy and to behave as a load by releasing it ensures an essential source of flexibility to the power system.
  • 306
  • 28 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Power Cost and CO2 Emissions
Hydrogen is considered the primary energy source of the future. The best use of hydrogen is in microgrids that have renewable energy sources (RES). These sources have a small impact on the environment when it comes to carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and a power generation cost close to that of conventional power plants.
  • 305
  • 17 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Development of Pricing in the Power Grid
The continuous changes in the power industry have driven reforms in energy pricing within the distribution system, improving efficiency while reducing wholesale electricity costs. Pricing is one of the essential factors in marketing strategies, benefiting stakeholders, maintaining the balance of the power system, and enabling the creation of new regional markets using more renewable energy sources (RESs).
  • 303
  • 25 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Standards for Wireless Sensor Networks in Critical Infrastructures
The crucial role of wireless sensor networks (WSNs) in the surveillance and administration of critical infrastructures (CIs) contributes to their reliability, security, and operational efficiency. It starts by detailing the international significance and structural aspects of these infrastructures, mentions the market tension in recent years in the gradual development of wireless networks for industrial applications, and proceeds to categorize WSNs and examine the protocols and standards of WSNs in demanding environments like critical infrastructures, drawing on the recent literature.
  • 299
  • 24 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Managing Energy Flexibility Resources in Buildings
The integration of renewable energy and flexible energy sources in buildings brings numerous benefits. However, the integration of new technologies has increased the complexity and despite the progress of optimization algorithms and technologies, new research challenges emerge. Multi-objective optimization is crucial to enhance the utilization of flexible resources within individual buildings and communities. 
  • 295
  • 12 Sep 2023
Topic Review
3D Structured Capacitive Sensors
Rapid technological advancements have led to increased demands for sensors. Hence, high performance suitable for next-generation technology is required. As sensing technology has numerous applications, various materials and patterning methods are used for sensor fabrication. This affects the characteristics and performance of sensors, and research centered specifically on these patterns is necessary for high integration and high performance of these devices. 
  • 293
  • 09 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Laser-Induced Graphene for Multifunctional and Intelligent Wearable Systems
With its excellent electrical and mechanical properties and the rapid development of its device fabrication technologies, laser-induced graphene (LIG) has played an important role in the field of wearable technologies since its discovery in 2014. With the relentless development of wearable devices, newly developed LIG-based wearable devices also possess multifunction and intelligence characteristics. 
  • 292
  • 13 Apr 2023
Topic Review
State of Art on Diagnostic and Prognostic Systems
From a general point of view, the main objective of these techniques is to prevent catastrophic failures by detecting the partial damage or deterioration of components and allowing maintenance operations to be organized. In fact, the protection devices commonly used in transmission and distribution networks guarantee the location of faults, such as short-circuits, putting the non-functioning branch of the network out of service. Alongside these devices, it is possible to introduce new intelligent algorithms capable of avoiding the total loss of functionality, thus improving the reliability of the entire network. This is one of the main challenges in modern smart grids, which are characterized by the massive integration of renewable energy sources and a high level of complexity.
  • 290
  • 13 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Cogenerator Using a Power Electronic System
Cogeneration sources play a very important role in the power industry with dispersed renewable sources with forced generation (e.g. photovoltaics and wind generators). They also fit into the circular economy by increasing the efficiency of fuel use, including biogas from agricultural or livestock waste. 
  • 289
  • 31 May 2023
Topic Review
Telepresence Robot in IoT-Enabled Sustainable Healthcare Systems
In the Internet of Things (IoT) era, telepresence robots (TRs) are increasingly a part of healthcare, academia, and industry due to their enormous benefits. IoT provides a sensor-based environment in which robots receive more precise information about their surroundings. 
  • 287
  • 15 Dec 2023
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