Your browser does not fully support modern features. Please upgrade for a smoother experience.
Subject:
All Disciplines Arts & Humanities Biology & Life Sciences Business & Economics Chemistry & Materials Science Computer Science & Mathematics Engineering Environmental & Earth Sciences Medicine & Pharmacology Physical Sciences Public Health & Healthcare Social Sciences
Sort by:
Most Viewed Latest Alphabetical (A-Z) Alphabetical (Z-A)
Filter:
All Topic Review Biography Peer Reviewed Entry Video Entry
Topic Review
Impact of Heat-Stress-Induced Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis
Heat stress represents a pervasive global concern with far-reaching implications for the reproductive efficiency of both animal and human populations. An extensive body of published research on heat stress effects utilizes controlled experimental environments to expose cells and tissues to heat stress and its disruptive influence on the physiological aspects of reproductive phenotypic traits, encompassing parameters such as sperm quality, sperm motility, viability, and overall competence. Beyond these immediate effects, heat stress has been linked to embryo losses, compromised oocyte development, and even infertility across diverse species. One of the primary mechanisms underlying these adverse reproductive outcomes is the elevation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels precipitating oxidative stress and apoptosis within mammalian reproductive cells. Oxidative stress and apoptosis are recognized as pivotal biological factors through which heat stress exerts its disruptive impact on both male and female reproductive cells. In a concerted effort to mitigate the detrimental consequences of heat stress, supplementation with antioxidants, both in natural and synthetic forms, has been explored as a potential intervention strategy. Furthermore, reproductive cells possess inherent self-protective mechanisms that come into play during episodes of heat stress, aiding in their survival. 
  • 1.1K
  • 12 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Assessing Kettle Holes Habitat Connectivity
Kettle holes are hotspots of biodiversity that provide suitable conditions for wildlife species (i.e., amphibians, insects, aquatic plants) and contribute to landscape heterogeneity. They are also considered to function as stepping stone habitats that contribute to habitat connectivity.
  • 1.1K
  • 30 Jul 2021
Topic Review
Proline and Heat-tolerance
Dietary proline supplementation is useful for enhancing heat-tolerance and semen quality of rabbit bucks affected by heat-stress. These effects are dose-dependent and were achieved at doses ranging between 50 and 100 mg proline/kg DM. Higher proline concentrations likely have undesirable effects on redox status and sperm quality.
  • 1.1K
  • 13 Jul 2021
Topic Review
Application of Molecular Hydrogen to Postharvest Produce
Molecular hydrogen (H2) has been found to have significant effects in a range of organisms, from plants to humans. In the biomedical arena it has been found to have positive effects for neurodegenerative disease and even for treatment of COVID-19. In plants H2 has been found to improve seed germination, foliar growth, and crops: effects being most pronounced under stress conditions. It has also been found that treatment with H2 can improve the postharvest preservation of fruits, vegetables and flowers.
  • 1.1K
  • 04 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Angolan Genet
The Angolan Genet (Genetta angolensis), indigenous to the southwestern regions of Africa, is a captivating small carnivore that belongs to the Genet family. Recognized for its distinctive coat pattern and slender physique, this elusive species navigates a range of habitats, from woodlands to savannas, showcasing its adaptability in diverse ecosystems. With its nocturnal habits and agile climbing skills, the Angolan Genet remains a subject of interest for researchers and wildlife enthusiasts exploring the rich biodiversity of the African continent.
  • 1.1K
  • 04 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Galleria mellonella and Acinetobacter baumannii Pathogenesis
G. mellonella, also known as a wax moth, belongs to Lepidoptera order from the Pyralidae family. This moth is distributed worldwide, and is commercially available for fishing or to feed reptiles and birds, making them readily accessible. The last larval stage of this insect has been utilized as a host model to extensively study bacteria and fungi pathogenesis, including Acinetobacter baumannii
  • 1.1K
  • 16 Nov 2021
Topic Review
Fe-S Synthesis in Algae Mitochondria
Iron and sulfur are two essential elements for all organisms. These elements form the Fe-S clusters that are present as cofactors in numerous proteins and protein complexes related to key processes in cells, such as respiration and photosynthesis, and participate in numerous enzymatic reactions.
  • 1.1K
  • 17 Jun 2021
Topic Review
Anti-Diabetic Activity of Natural Compounds
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disease defined by a persistently high blood sugar level. There are numerous kinds of diabetes mellitus, but the two most common are type 1 (T1DM) and type 2 (T2DM). T1DM is an autoimmune disease; it occurs due to the destruction of insulin-producing pancreatic β cells, and the patients are entirely reliant on exogenous insulin injection.
  • 1.1K
  • 16 Nov 2021
Topic Review
Seaweeds in Pig Nutrition
In order to reduce the antimicrobials used in livestock, it's important to find natural and sustainable molecules that boost animal performance and health. Brown seaweeds seem to be a promising dietary intervention in pigs in order to boost the immune system, antioxidant status and gut health. 
  • 1.1K
  • 28 Oct 2021
Topic Review
Sloths
Sloths are some of the most fascinating and unique creatures in the animal kingdom. Known for their incredibly slow movements, these tree-dwelling mammals spend most of their lives hanging upside down in the rainforests of Central and South America. But there's so much more to them than just their leisurely pace.
  • 1.1K
  • 29 Apr 2025
Topic Review
Smart Agriculture Based on Internet of Things
The Internet of Things (IoT) is a transformative technology that is reshaping industries and daily life, leading us towards a connected future that is full of possibilities and innovations. IoT technologies are widely used in the agriculture sector in many developed countries to increase production and meet the demand for food supply in the market. IoT in agriculture can reduce production costs and time by providing precision agriculture.
  • 1.1K
  • 18 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Spirulina spp.
Spirulina platensis (SP), a blue-green filamentous photosynthetic alga, is widely recognized as a valuable protein source, containing approximately 55–70% protein, 25% carbohydrates, essential amino acids, and 18% fatty acids. It is also rich in various vitamins and minerals. Notably, spirulina is known for its high content of thiamin, riboflavin, pyridoxine, vitamin B12, vitamin C, gamma-linolenic acid, phycocyanins, tocopherols, chlorophyll, beta-carotenes, and carotenoids.
  • 1.1K
  • 21 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Gastrointestinal Microbiota for Growth and Performance in Chickens
The gut barrier is comprised of intestinal microbiota and their metabolites, mucins secreted by goblet cells, host-derived antimicrobial peptides such as defensins, and cathelicidins, IgA, intestinal epithelium, microfold cells (M cells), Paneth cells, tuft cells and lymphoid tissues in the sub-epithelium and lamina propria. The gut barrier serves to contain the gut microbiota within the lumen while permitting the absorption of nutrients. Intestinal health, tolerance to food and microbial antigens, and homeostasis are achieved through complex interactions between the multiple components in the gut.
  • 1.1K
  • 19 May 2022
Topic Review
Virulent Peptides, Streptococcus suis Pathogenesis
The virulence factors and pathogenesis of S. suis are inconclusive. Here, the associated proteins, or their derived peptides, involved in the survival of S. suis when simulated with a blood environment are demonstrated. The results reveal the derived peptides or proteins of S. suis potentially serving as the putative virulence factors. Further studies based on our findings could be used to fulfill the knowledge gap of S. suis pathogenesis. 
  • 1.1K
  • 09 Sep 2021
Topic Review
Arsenic Concentration/Toxicity in Rice
Rice is one of the most important routes for arsenic to enter the human food chain and threatens more than half of the world’s population. In addition, arsenic-contaminated soils and waters increase the concentration of this element in various tissues of rice plants. 
  • 1.1K
  • 16 Sep 2021
Topic Review
Protein Quality Control System
As a collection of pathways that regulates proteins’ life cycles including their synthesis, folding, assembly, degradation and reversal, the protein quality control system mainly consists of the ERS, ALS and UPS. It plays an important role in maintaining normal cell metabolism and avoiding protein dysfunction, especially in the physiological and pathological processes of AD.
  • 1.1K
  • 12 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Dactylorhiza hatagirea (D. Don) Soo
Dactylorhiza hatagirea (Orchidaceae) is a perennial herb inhabiting sub-alpine to alpine regions, ranging at elevations between 2500 and 5000 m.a.s.l. With palmately lobed rhizome and lanceolate leaves having a sheathing leaf base, it bears pink flowers with purple-colored notches and a curved spur.
  • 1.1K
  • 12 Jan 2021
Topic Review
Cow Behavioural Activities in Extensive Farms
Animal welfare is becoming an increasingly important requirement in the livestock sector to improve, and therefore raise, the quality and healthiness of food production. By monitoring the behaviour of the animals, such as feeding, rumination, walking, and lying, it is possible to understand their physical and psychological status. Precision Livestock Farming (PLF) tools offer a good solution to assist the farmer in managing the herd, overcoming the limits of human control, and to react early in the case of animal health issues. The entry highlights a key concern that occurs in the design and validation of IoT-based systems created for monitoring grazing cows in extensive agricultural systems, since they have many more, and more complicated, problems than indoor farms. In this context, the most common concerns are related to the battery life of the devices, the sampling frequency to be used for data collection, the need for adequate service connection coverage and transmission range, the computational site, and the performance of the algorithm embedded in IoT-systems in terms of computational cost. 
  • 1.1K
  • 10 May 2023
Topic Review
Toxicity of Mycotoxins to Intestinal Epithelial Cells
Mycotoxin is a naturally occurring substance produced by fungi. Consumption of low concentrations of mycotoxins in animals would result in severe hazardous symptoms.
  • 1.1K
  • 26 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Coenzyme Q in Disease
Coenzyme Q (CoQ) is a key component of the respiratory chain of all eukaryotic cells. Its function is closely related to mitochondrial respiration, where it acts as an electron transporter. However, the cellular functions of coenzyme Q are multiple: it is present in all cell membranes, limiting the toxic effect of free radicals, it is a component of LDL, it is involved in the aging process, and its deficiency is linked to several diseases. 
  • 1.1K
  • 16 Feb 2022
  • Page
  • of
  • 70
Featured Entry Collections
>>

Featured Reprints

>>
Encyclopedia of Digital Society, Industry 5.0 and Smart City
Encyclopedia of Engineering
Encyclopedia of Social Sciences
Encyclopedia of Medieval Royal Iconography
Academic Video Service
Feedback