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Electrical impedance sensing technology has become a powerful tool, allowing for rapid, non-invasive, and label-free acquisition of electrical parameters of single cells. These electrical parameters, i.e., equivalent cell resistance, membrane capacitance and cytoplasm conductivity, are closely related to cellular biophysical properties and dynamic activities, such as size, morphology, membrane intactness, growth state, and proliferation.
Category | First Author (Year) |
Electrode and Fluidic Layouts | Frequency | Target Cells | Application | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Blood cells |
Holmes (2010) | 2 coplanar electrode pairs | 503 kHz and 10 MHz | CD4 T-cells | Cell counting | [3] |
Du (2013) | 1 coplanar electrode pair | 2 MHz | Red blood cells | Detection of malaria-infected cells | [4] | |
Hassan (2016) | 2 coplanar electrode pairs | 303 kHz and 1.7 MHz |
CD4 and CD8 T-cells | Cell counting | [2] | |
Liu (2018) | 2 coplanar electrode pairs | 156 kHz, 500 kHz and 3 MHz | Red blood cells | Detection of sickle cells | [1] | |
Honrdo (2018) | 2 facing electrode pairs, fluorescence detection |
2–8 MHz | Red blood cells | Detection of malaria-infected cells | [5] | |
Tumor cells |
Choi (2013) | Two polyelectrolyte gel electrodes |
DC | OVCAR-3 cells | Cell recognition | [8] |
Spencer (2014) | 2 facing electrode pairs | 0.5 MHz and 2 MHz | MCF-7 cells | Cell recognition | [7] | |
Han (2015) | 2 facing electrode pairs | 500 kHz and 10 MHz | DLD-1 cells | Cell recognition | [9] | |
Zhao (2016) | μCPC with constriction channel | 1 kHz and 100 kHz | A549 and H1299 cells | Cell screening | [10] | |
Desai (2019) | 2 coplanar electrode pairs, sheath flow focusing |
250 kHz | Thyroid, breast, lung, and ovarian cancer cells |
Cell recognition | [11] | |
Ren (2019) | 1 coplanar electrode pair, 2 constriction channels |
1 kHz, 10 kHz, 100 kHz, and 1 MHz |
MDA-MB-231 cells | Cell recognition | [12] | |
McGrath (2020) | 5 facing electrode pairs | 500 kHz–50 MHz | Six types of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cell |
Cell screening | [13] | |
Ostermann (2020) | 2 facing electrode pairs | 6 MHz | U937 cells | Viability assay | [14] | |
Zhang (2020) | 1 coplanar electrode pair, asymmetrical constriction channel |
100 kHz and 250 kHz | A549 and Hep G2 cells | Cell screening | [6] | |
Stem cells |
Song (2016) | C-shaped arranged coplanar electrodes |
500 kHz and 3 MHz | Mesenchymal stem cells | Monitoring differentiation process |
[18] |
Xavier (2017) | 2 facing electrode pairs, fluorescence detection |
500 Hz and 2MHz | Skeletal stem cells | Monitoring differentiation process |
[20] | |
Plant cells |
Heidmann (2016) | 2 facing electrode pairs | 500 Hz and 12 MHz | Tobacco pollen | Viability assay | [22] |
Heidmann (2017) | 2 facing electrode pairs | 500 kHz, 3 MHz and 12 MHz |
Tomato, pepper, potato and wind pollinators pollen |
Viability assay | [23] | |
Impe (2019) | 2 facing electrode pairs | 1 MHz | Wheat pollen | Viability assay | [24] | |
Ascari (2020) | 2 facing electrode pairs | 2 MHz and 8 MHz | Hazelnut pollen | Viability assay | [25] | |
Canonge (2020) | 2 facing electrode pairs | 500 kHz and 12 MHz | Wheat microspore | Monitoring androgenesis process |
[26] | |
Han (2020) | 2 coplanar electrode pairs, constriction channel |
500 kHz and 5 MHz | Herbaceous Arabidopsis thaliana and woody Populus trichocarpa |
Cell screening | [21] | |
Microbes | Choi (2014) | 2 polyelectrolytic gel electrodes, sheath focusing |
DC | F. tularensis and E. coli | Cell recognition | [28] |
Mcgrath (2017) | 2 facing electrode pairs | 250 kHz, 18.3 MHz and 50 MHz |
C. parvum | Viability assay | [32] | |
Guler (2018) | 1 coplanar electrode pairs | 2 MHz | E. coli | Cell recognition | [31] | |
Clausen (2018) | 2 coplanar electrode pairs 2 facing electrode pairs |
200 kHz and 7 MHz | E. coli | Cell recognition | [27] | |
Chawla (2018) | 1 coplanar electrode pairs | 1.12 MHz and 1.5 MHz | S. cerevisiae cells | Monitoring cell growth rate | [33] | |
Xie (2019) | 1 coplanar electrode pairs | 1 MHz | S. cerevisiae cells | Reproductive performance assessment |
[35] | |
Opitz (2019) | 2 facing electrode pairs | 0.5 MHz, 10 MHz and 12 MHz |
S. cerevisiae cells | Viability assay | [34] | |
Bertelsen (2020) | 2 facing electrode pairs | 366 kHz and 6.9 MHz | E. coli | Determination of the viability of E. coli | [36] | |
Spencer (2020) | 4 facing electrode pairs | 5 MHz and 40 MHz | K. pneumoniae | Antimicrobial susceptibility tests | [37] |
First Author (Year) |
Techniques | Frequency Range | Throughput | OT | Target Cells | Application | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Primiceri (2011) | ECIS | 1 Hz to 1 MHz | / | 4 h | Hepatocellular carcinoma cells |
Monitoring cell migration | [56] |
Hong (2012) | DEP traps | 20 kHz to 101 kHz | / | / | A549, MDA-MB-231, MCF-7, and HeLa cells |
Electrical characteristics analysis of cancer cells | [55] |
Nguyen (2013) | Hydrodynamic traps and ECIS |
100 Hz to 1 MHz | 16 | / | MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cells |
Monitoring cell capture, adhesion, and spreading process | [51] |
Zhu (2014) | Negative pressure traps | 10 kHz to 10 MHz | 10 | 42 min | S. cerevisiae cells | Monitoring bud growth and cell motion | [50] |
Zhu (2015) | Negative pressure traps | 10 kHz to 10 MHz | 10 | 120 min | S. pombe cells | Cell cycle determination | [47] |
Zhou (2016) | Hydrodynamic traps | 100 Hz to 20 MHz | 10 | 48 h | Mouse embryonic stem cells | Monitoring the differentiation process | [54] |
Park (2016) | Negative pressure traps | 5 kHz to 1 MHz | 5 | / | Cancerous human urothelial cells (TCCSUP) | Cell recognition | [49] |
Tsai (2016) | Hydrodynamic traps | 10 kHz to 100 kHz | 3 | 24 h | HeLa cells | Monitoring electrical characteristics | [52] |
Tang (2017) | Hydrodynamic traps | 1.953 kHz to 1 MHz | 10 | / | MCF-7 cells | Monitoring the capture process and cell screening | [48] |
Chen (2020) | Hydrodynamic traps | 100 kHz to 2 MHz | / | 24 h | Arabidopsis mesophyll cells | Monitoring the regeneration process of primary cell wall | [45] |
Zhang (2020) | DEP traps and ECIS | 100 kHz | 32 | 5 min | HeLa, MCF-7, and 293T cells |
Monitoring the recovery process after electroporation | [57] |
Zhang (2020) | DEP traps and ECIS | 100 kHz | 32 | 21 days | Mesenchymal stem cells | Monitoring differentiation process | [53] |