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Topic Review
South American Gray Fox
The South American Gray Fox, scientifically known as Lycalopex griseus, is a captivating canid species native to South America. Renowned for its sleek gray fur and bushy tail, this fox inhabits a variety of habitats, from grasslands and scrublands to forests and urban areas. As an adaptable omnivore, the South American Gray Fox plays a crucial role in its ecosystem by regulating prey populations and participating in seed dispersal, contributing to the overall balance of its environment.
  • 581
  • 15 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Etiology and Pathogenesis of Glioblastoma Multiforme
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a type of brain tumor that is notorious for its aggressiveness and invasiveness, and the complete removal of GBM is still not possible, even with advanced diagnostic strategies and extensive therapeutic plans. Its dismal prognosis and short survival time after diagnosis make it a crucial public health issue.
  • 580
  • 03 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Flavor Formation in Dry-Cured Fish
Dried salted fish is a traditional dry-cured fish that is sprinkled with salt before the curing process. With a unique flavor as well as diverse varieties, dry-cured fish is popular among consumers worldwide. The presence of various microbial communities during the curing process leads to numerous metabolic reactions, especially lipid oxidation and protein degradation, which influence the formation of flavor substances. 
  • 580
  • 18 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Mountain Weasel
The Mountain Weasel (Mustela altaica), a sleek and agile carnivore, inhabits the high-altitude regions of Asia, showcasing remarkable adaptations to life in mountainous terrains. Known for its elusive nature and diverse range of habitats, the Mountain Weasel plays a vital role in alpine ecosystems, preying on small mammals and contributing to the delicate balance of these high-altitude environments.
  • 580
  • 04 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Oxidative Stress and Placental Diseases
Oxidative stress (OS) plays a pivotal role in placental development; however, abnormal loads in oxidative stress molecules may overwhelm the placental defense mechanisms and cause pathological situations. The environment in which the mother evolves triggers an exposure of the placental tissue to chemical, physical, and biological agents of OS, with potential pathological consequences. 
  • 580
  • 17 Jan 2022
Topic Review
CRISPR-Cas Genome Editing for Insect Pest Stress
Global crop yield and food security are being threatened by phytophagous insects. Innovative methods are required to increase agricultural output while reducing reliance on hazardous synthetic insecticides. Using the revolutionary CRISPR-Cas technology to develop insect-resistant plants appears to be highly efficient at lowering production costs and increasing farm profitability. The genomes of a model insect, Drosophila melanogaster, and major phytophagous insect genera, viz. Spodoptera, Helicoverpa, Nilaparvata, Locusta, Tribolium, Agrotis, etc., were successfully edited by the CRISPR-Cas toolkits. However, this new method can alter an insect’s DNA to either induce a gene drive or overcome an insect’s tolerance to certain insecticides. The rapid progress in the methodologies of CRISPR technology and their diverse applications show a high promise in the development of insect-resistant plant varieties or other strategies for the sustainable management of insect pests to ensure food security.
  • 578
  • 17 May 2023
Topic Review
Sloth Bear
The Sloth Bear (Melursus ursinus) is a medium-sized bear species native to the Indian subcontinent. Recognized for its shaggy, coarse fur and distinctively long, curved claws, this primarily insectivorous mammal inhabits a variety of habitats, ranging from dry grasslands to dense forests. The Sloth Bear is characterized by its unique feeding behavior, often observed foraging for termites and ants with its specialized lips and powerful claws, and it plays a crucial role in maintaining ecosystem balance through its impact on insect populations.
  • 578
  • 08 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Plant Neighbor of BRCA1
Plant NBR1 is a structural homolog and functional hybrid of mammalian autophagy receptors NBR1 and p62.
  • 576
  • 26 Feb 2021
Topic Review
SCF Ligases in Oogenesis and Embryogenesis
SCF (Skp1-Cullin 1-F-box) ligases, which are E3 ubiquitin multi-protein enzymes, catalyse protein ubiquitination and thus allow protein degradation mediated by the 26S proteasome. They play a crucial role in the degradation of cell cycle regulators, regulation of the DNA repair and centrosome cycle and play an important role in several diseases. SCF ligases seem to be needed during all phases of development, from oocyte formation through fertilization, activation of the embryonic genome to embryo implantation.
  • 576
  • 07 Feb 2022
Topic Review
S. Enteritidis on Chicken Eggshells
Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis (S. Enteritidis) is a pathogen that poses a health risk. Shell eggs have been reported as one of the principal vehicles for the transmission of bacterial pathogens. The cuticle on eggshells (the organic layer of freshly laid egg) is damaged during extended storage of the egg, leading to the penetration of pathogens attached to the eggshell surface and in the surrounding environment. Therefore, effective disinfection on eggshells is urgently required to maintain good quality egg products by preventing bacterial contaminants from entering eggs.
  • 574
  • 13 Aug 2021
Topic Review
Black-footed Cat
The Black-footed Cat (Felis nigripes) is a small and elusive wild cat species native to southern Africa. Renowned for its diminutive size and distinctive black markings on its legs and feet, this nocturnal predator is considered one of the smallest wild cats in Africa. Despite its small stature, the Black-footed Cat is a formidable hunter, preying on a variety of small mammals, birds, and insects in its arid savanna and scrubland habitats.
  • 574
  • 08 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Pseudomonas Lipopeptides
The Pseudomonas genus is ubiquitous and comprises species which are well known phytopathogens, such as P. syringae, or opportunistic human pathogens, such as P. aeruginosa, but also host members associated with water, soil and plant surfaces. Pseudomonas spp. are well adapted to growing in the rhizosphere and are well suited for biocontrol and growth promotion. Pseudomonas lipopeptides (Ps-LPs) play crucial roles in bacterial physiology, host–microbe interactions and plant disease control.
  • 573
  • 09 Feb 2022
Topic Review
Antiviral Response Against Infectious Bronchitis Virus in Poultry
Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) is the causative agent of multi-systemic infection in the respiratory, reproductive and renal systems, which is similar to the symptoms of various viral and bacterial diseases reported in chickens. Currently, the live attenuated and killed vaccines are applied for the control of IBV infection; however, the continual emergence of IB variants with rapidly evolving genetic variants increases the risk of outbreaks in intensive poultry farms.
  • 572
  • 27 Nov 2021
Topic Review
MicroRNA and cDNA-Microarray against Abiotic Stress Response
The miRNAs and cDNA-microarrays are powerful tools to enhance abiotic stress tolerance in plants through multiple advanced sequencing and bioinformatics techniques, including miRNA-regulated network, miRNA target prediction, miRNA identification, expression profile, features (disease or stress, biomarkers) association, tools based on machine learning algorithms, NGS, and tools specific for plants. Such technologies were established to identify miRNA and their target gene network prediction, emphasizing current achievements, impediments, and future perspectives.
  • 571
  • 13 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Gluten Free Wheat
Gluten proteins, major determinants of the bread-making quality of wheat, are related to several digestive disorders. Advances in plant genetic breeding have allowed the production of wheat lines with very low gliadin content through the use of RNAi and gene editing technologies. 
  • 570
  • 22 Oct 2021
Topic Review
Drivers of Palatability for Cats and Dogs
The pet food industry is an important sector of the pet care market that is growing rapidly. Whilst the number of new and innovative products continues to rise, research and development to assess product performance follows traditional palatability methodology. Pet food palatability research focuses on the amount of food consumed through use of one-bowl and two-bowl testing, but little understanding is given to why differences are observed, particularly at a fundamental ingredient level.
  • 570
  • 27 Apr 2023
Topic Review
Hemorrhagic Disease (HD) in USA
Overlapping clinical signs and lesions make it challenging to distinguish between epizootic hemorrhagic disease (EHD) and Bluetongue (BT) affecting wild ruminants in the USA. Therefore, the syndrome caused by EHD and BT viruses is referred to as Hemorrhagic Disease (HD).
  • 569
  • 19 Aug 2021
Topic Review
Omics Approaches to Assess Flavor Development in Cheese
Cheese is characterized by a rich and complex microbiota that plays a vital role during both production and ripening, contributing significantly to the safety, quality, and sensory characteristics of the final product. In this context, it is vital to explore the microbiota composition and understand its dynamics and evolution during cheese manufacturing and ripening. Application of high-throughput DNA sequencing technologies have facilitated the more accurate identification of the cheese microbiome, detailed study of its potential functionality, and its contribution to the development of specific organoleptic properties. These technologies include amplicon sequencing, whole-metagenome shotgun sequencing, metatranscriptomics, and, most recently, metabolomics. In recent years, however, the application of multiple meta-omics approaches along with data integration analysis, which was enabled by advanced computational and bioinformatics tools, paved the way to better comprehension of the cheese ripening process, revealing significant associations between the cheese microbiota and metabolites, as well as their impact on cheese flavor and quality. 
  • 569
  • 18 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Metal Nanoparticles against Viruses
This study is an actual review about of recent studies using metal nanocomposites as antivirals against coronavirus and structurally similar viruses. We wrote this review in a new perspective, within the scope of nanomaterials, the purpose of the review is to demonstrate the potential of nanoparticles in combating the COVID-19 pandemic.
  • 569
  • 28 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Antimicrobial Activities of Lactoferrins
Lactoferrins are an iron-binding glycoprotein that have important protective roles in the mammalian body through their numerous functions, which include antimicrobial, antitumor, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, and antioxidant activities. Among these, their antimicrobial activity has been the most studied, although the mechanism behind antimicrobial activities remains to be elucidated.
  • 568
  • 28 Oct 2021
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