Your browser does not fully support modern features. Please upgrade for a smoother experience.
Subject:
All Disciplines Arts & Humanities Biology & Life Sciences Business & Economics Chemistry & Materials Science Computer Science & Mathematics Engineering Environmental & Earth Sciences Medicine & Pharmacology Physical Sciences Public Health & Healthcare Social Sciences
Sort by:
Most Viewed Latest Alphabetical (A-Z) Alphabetical (Z-A)
Filter:
All Topic Review Biography Peer Reviewed Entry Video Entry
Biography
Marilyn E. Jacox
Marilyn Esther Jacox (April 26, 1929 – October 30, 2013) was an American physical chemist. She was a National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Fellow and Scientist Emeritus in the Sensor Science Division.[1] Jacox was born in Utica, New York, the daughter of Grant and Mary Jacox.[2] Jacox graduated summa cum laude with a degree in chemistry in 1951 from Syracuse University, hav
  • 1.2K
  • 28 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Redundancy Principle
The redundancy principle in biology expresses the need of many copies of the same entity (cells, molecules, ions) to fulfill a biological function. Examples are numerous: disproportionate numbers of spermatozoa during fertilization compared to one egg, large number of neurotransmitters released during neuronal communication compared to the number of receptors, large numbers of released calcium ions during transient in cells and many more in molecular and cellular transduction or gene activation and cell signaling. This redundancy is particularly relevant when the sites of activation is physically separated from the initial position of the molecular messengers. The redundancy is often generated for the purpose of resolving the time constraint of fast-activating pathways. It can be expressed in terms of the theory of extreme statistics to determine its laws and quantify how shortest paths are selected. The main goal is to estimate these large numbers from physical principles and mathematical derivations. When large distance separate the source and the target (a small activation site), the redundancy principle explains that this geometrical gap can be compensated by large number. Had nature used less copies than normal, activation would have taken a much longer time, as finding a small target by chance is a rare events and falls into narrow escape problems.
  • 1.2K
  • 01 Dec 2022
Biography
Homer Neal
Homer Alfred Neal (June 13, 1942 – May 23, 2018[1]) was an African-American[2] particle physicist and a distinguished professor at the University of Michigan.[3] Neal was President of the American Physical Society in 2016.[4] He was also a board member of Ford Motor Company, a council member of the National Museum of African American History and Culture, and a director of the Richard Lounsbery
  • 1.2K
  • 29 Dec 2022
Biography
I. Bernard Cohen
Ierome Bernard Cohen (1 March 1914 – 20 June 2003) was the Victor S. Thomas Professor of the history of science at Harvard University and the author of many books on the history of science and, in particular, Isaac Newton. Cohen was the first American to receive a PhD in history of science, was a Harvard undergraduate ('37) and then a PhD student and protégé of George Sarton who was the fou
  • 1.2K
  • 26 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Kumarakom
Kumarakom is a popular tourism destination located near the city of Kottayam (10 kilometres (6 mi)), in Kerala, India , famous for its backwater tourism. It is set in the backdrop of the Vembanad Lake, the largest lake in the state of Kerala.
  • 1.2K
  • 02 Dec 2022
Biography
Gioacchino Failla
Gioacchino Failla (19 July 1891 – 15 December 1961) was an Italian-born American physicist. A pioneer in both biophysics and radiobiology, he was particularly noted for his work on the role of radiation as a cause of cancer and genetic mutation. He was born in Castelbuono in the Province of Palermo and emigrated with his family to the United States in 1906. After his retirement from Columbia U
  • 1.2K
  • 30 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Lagosuchidae
Lagosuchus is an extinct genus of avemetatarsalian archosaur from the Late Triassic of Argentina . The type species of Lagosuchus, Lagosuchus talampayensis, is based on a small partial skeleton recovered from the early Carnian-age Chañares Formation. The holotype skeleton of L. talampayensis is fairly fragmentary, but it does possess some traits suggesting that Lagosuchus was a probable dinosauriform, closely related to dinosaurs. A second potential species of Lagosuchus, L. lilloensis, is based on an assortment of slightly larger and more well-preserved fossils. These larger specimens have been considered much more diagnostic and informative than the original small L. talampayensis skeleton. As a result, some paleontologists have placed the larger specimens into a new genus, Marasuchus. Marasuchus is generally considered one of the more complete early dinosauriforms, useful for estimating ancestral traits for the origin of dinosaurs. This would also render Lagosuchus a nomen dubium, simply a name referring to a fossil which is too fragmentary to have a formal genus. However, other paleontologists support the argument that Lagosuchus is a valid genus, and that Marasuchus is a junior synonym of it.
  • 1.2K
  • 12 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Extracellular Vesicles as Drug Delivery Agent
Extracellular vesicles (Evs) can be found in all biological fluids, making them the perfect non-invasive diagnostic tool, as their cargo causes functional changes in the cells upon receiving, unlike synthetic drug carriers. EVs last longer in circulation and instigate minor immune responses, making them the perfect drug carrier.
  • 1.2K
  • 06 Jul 2022
Biography
Rachel Sibande
Rachel Chimwemwe Sibande (born January 9, 1986) is a Malawian technology expert, computer scientist, STEM educator, social entrepreneur and innovator. She is the Founder and Director of Malawi`s First innovation Hub and incubator for emerging start-ups, entrepreneurs and innovators, mHub. Rachel is an entrepreneur in the technology and energy space. Apart from the Hub, Rachel is Chairperson at G
  • 1.2K
  • 27 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Microenvironments of Parvalbumin-Expressing GABAergic Interneurons
Data suggest that pathological disturbance of the population of fast-spiking, parvalbumin-expressing GABAergic inhibitory interneurons occur in at least some clinical presentations, which leads to disruption of the synchronous oscillatory output of assemblies of pyramidal neurons. Increased expression of the GluN2A NMDA receptor subunit on parvalbumin-expressing interneurons is linked to functional maturation of both these neurons and the perineuronal nets that surround them. Disruption of GluN2A expression shows increased susceptibility to oxidative stress, reflected in redox dysregulation and delayed maturation of PNNs.
  • 1.2K
  • 10 Sep 2021
Topic Review
Cutaneous Bullous Dermatologic Adverse Events
Anti-cancer therapy improves outcomes for cancer patients; however, many classes of anti-cancer therapy have been implicated in the induction of bullous dermatologic adverse events (DAE), leading to reduced patient quality of life and in some cases discontinuation of life-prolonging or palliative therapy. Timely and effective management of adverse events is critical for reducing treatment interruptions and preserving an anti-tumor effect. Bullous DAE may be limited to the skin or have systemic involvement with greater risk of morbidity and mortality.
  • 1.2K
  • 22 Feb 2023
Biography
Ian Budge
Ian Budge (born October 21, 1936) is a political scientist who has pioneered the use of quantitative methods in studying party democracy across countries. Currently Emeritus Professor of the Department of Government, University of Essex he has been Professor at the European University Institute, Florence (1982-5).[1] and visiting professor at various institutions in five other countries.[2][3] H
  • 1.2K
  • 12 Dec 2022
Biography
Peter Kalmus
Peter Ignaz Paul Kalmus OBE FInstP (born 25 January 1933), is a British particle physicist, and emeritus professor of physics at Queen Mary, University of London.[1] Kalmus was born in Prague on 25 January 1933, and moved to Britain with his parents and younger brother George Kalmus in 1939. His sister Elsa was born in 1945. The family became British citizens in 1946. Kalmus went to school
  • 1.2K
  • 29 Dec 2022
Topic Review
2018 in Paleomalacology
This list, 2018 in paleomalacology, is a list of new taxa of ammonites and other fossil cephalopods, as well as fossil gastropods, bivalves and other molluscs that are scheduled to be described during the year 2018, as well as other significant discoveries and events related to molluscan paleontology that are scheduled to occur in the year 2018.
  • 1.2K
  • 22 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Harvestman Anatomy
Harvestmen (Opiliones) are an order of arachnids and share many common characteristics with other arachnids. However, several differences separate harvestmen from other arachnid orders such as spiders. The bodies of opliones are divided into two tagmata (arthropod body regions): the abdomen (opisthosoma) and the cephalothorax (prosoma). Unlike spiders, the juncture between the abdomen and cephalothorax is often poorly defined. Harvestmen have chelicerae, pedipalps and four pairs of legs. Most harvestmen have two eyes, although there are eyeless species.
  • 1.2K
  • 27 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Adult Neurogenesis in Mammals
In eutherians, the generation of new neurons in the central nervous system (CNS) and the formation of almost all brain structures occur during embryonic development, known as developmental neurogenesis. It is now well established that new neurons are continuously produced in adult mammalian brains, and this process is known as adult neurogenesis. 
  • 1.2K
  • 08 Oct 2022
Biography
Reimund Gerhard
Reimund Gerhard (born 31 May 1952 in Heidelberg) is a German applied physicist and university professor. Between 1979 and 2006 he used the last name "Gerhard-Multhaupt".[1] Gerhard graduated from the Technical University of Darmstadt as Diplom-Physiker in 1978 and was a research student with Martin M. Perlman (1930–2013)[2] in 1978/79. In 1984, he obtained his Ph.D. with Gerhard M. Sessler
  • 1.2K
  • 09 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Glycyrrhetinic Acid in Liver Cancer Therapy
Liver cancer is one of the most common causes of cancer mortality worldwide. Chemotherapy and radiotherapy are the conventional therapies generally employed in patients with liver tumors. The major issue associated with the administration of chemotherapeutics is their high toxicity and lack of selectivity, leading to systemic toxicity that can be detrimental to the patient’s quality of life. An important approach to the development of original liver-targeted therapeutic products takes advantage of the employment of biologically active ligands able to bind specific receptors on the cytoplasmatic membranes of liver cells. In this perspective, glycyrrhetinic acid (GA), a pentacyclic triterpenoid present in roots and rhizomes of licorice, has been used as a ligand for targeting the liver due to the expression of GA receptors on the sinusoidal surface of mammalian hepatocytes, so it may be employed to modify drug delivery systems (DDSs) and obtain better liver or hepatocyte drug uptake and efficacy.
  • 1.2K
  • 11 Apr 2022
Biography
Letitia Obeng
Letitia Eva Takyibea Obeng (born 10 January 1925) at Anum in the Eastern Region is the first Ghanaian woman to obtain a degree in Zoology and the first to be awarded a doctorate.[1] She is described as "the grandmother of female scientists in Ghana".[2] Letitia Obeng attended a primary school in Abetifi, Kwahu and a middle school in Kyebi. Between 1939 and 1946 she had her secondary school ed
  • 1.2K
  • 27 Dec 2022
Biography
George Wetherill
George Wetherill (August 12, 1925 Philadelphia, PA – July 19, 2006 Washington, DC) was the Director Emeritus, Department of Terrestrial Magnetism, Carnegie Institution of Washington, DC, USA. George Wetherill benefited from the G.I. Bill to receive four degrees, the Ph.B. (1948), S.B. (1949), S.M. (1951), and Ph.D., in physics (1953), all from the University of Chicago. He did his thesis rese
  • 1.2K
  • 27 Dec 2022
  • Page
  • of
  • 68
Featured Entry Collections
>>

Featured Reprints

>>
Encyclopedia of Digital Society, Industry 5.0 and Smart City
Encyclopedia of Engineering
Encyclopedia of Social Sciences
Encyclopedia of Medieval Royal Iconography
Academic Video Service
Feedback