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Topic Review
Self-Attention-Based 3D Object Detection for Autonomous Driving
Autonomous vehicles (AVs) play a crucial role in enhancing urban mobility within the context of a smarter and more connected urban environment. Three-dimensional object detection in AVs is an essential task for comprehending the driving environment to contribute to their safe use in urban environments. 
  • 806
  • 27 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Bio-Inspired Anomaly Detection with Cursory Dendritic Cell Algorithm
The autonomous and adaptable identification of anomalies in industrial contexts, particularly in the physical processes of Cyber-Physical Production Systems (CPPS), requires using critical technologies to identify failures correctly. Most of the existing solutions in the anomaly detection research area do not consider such systems’ dynamics. Immune-based models, such as the Dendritic Cell Algorithm (DCA), may provide a rich source of inspiration for detecting anomalies. Cursory Dendritic Cell Algorithm (CDCA), is a novel variation of the Dendritic Cell Algorithm (DCA), developed to be flexible and monitor physical industrial processes continually while detecting anomalies in an online fashion. 
  • 805
  • 14 Feb 2022
Topic Review
ADX (File Format)
CRI ADX is a lossy proprietary audio storage and compression format developed by CRI Middleware specifically for use in video games; it is derived from ADPCM. Its most notable feature is a looping function that has proved useful for background sounds in various games that have adopted the format, including many games for the Sega Dreamcast as well as some PlayStation 2, GameCube and Wii games. One of the first games to use ADX was Burning Rangers, on the Sega Saturn. Notably, the Sonic the Hedgehog series from the Dreamcast generation up to at least Shadow the Hedgehog have used this format for sound and voice recordings. Jet Set Radio Future for original Xbox also used this format. On top of the main ADPCM encoding, the ADX toolkit also includes a sibling format, AHX, which uses a variant of MPEG-2 audio intended specifically for voice recordings and a packaging archive, AFS, for bundling multiple CRI ADX and AHX tracks into a single container file. Version 2 of the format (ADX2) uses the HCA and HCA-MX extension, which are usually bundled into a container file with the extensions ACB and AWB. The AWB extension is not to be confused with the Audio format with the same extension and mostly contains the binary data for the HCA files.
  • 804
  • 29 Sep 2022
Topic Review
Mobile Applications for Disabilities
A“mobile application” or “mobile app” is an application of software; depending on the technologies engaged, it knows how to be a native application, as well as a web or hybrid application. Mobile applications are designed to be employed on intelligent devices or tablets; they can be transferred from a device company’s distribution platform.
  • 803
  • 22 Jun 2021
Topic Review
Enhanced Traffic Sign Recognition with Ensemble Learning
Traffic sign recognition plays a crucial role in the functioning of autonomous vehicles. The ability to accurately identify and interpret traffic signs is necessary for autonomous vehicles to navigate roads safely and efficiently. Machine learning techniques are used to train and test models on traffic sign data, including prohibitory, danger, mandatory, and other signs.
  • 803
  • 21 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Kidney Transplant Care through the Integration of Chatbot
Kidney transplantation is a critical treatment option for end-stage kidney disease patients, offering improved quality of life and increased survival rates. However, the complexities of kidney transplant care necessitate continuous advancements in decision making, patient communication, and operational efficiency. 
  • 803
  • 23 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Machine Learning-Based Anomaly Detection in NFV
Network function virtualization (NFV) is a rapidly growing technology that enables the virtualization of traditional network hardware components, offering benefits such as cost reduction, increased flexibility, and efficient resource utilization. Moreover, NFV plays a crucial role in sensor and IoT networks by ensuring optimal resource usage and effective network management. 
  • 802
  • 15 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Self-Supervised Transfer Learning for Fine-Grained Image Recognition
Fine-grained image recognition aims to classify fine subcategories belonging to the same parent category, such as vehicle model or bird species classification. This is an inherently challenging task because a classifier must capture subtle interclass differences under large intraclass variances. Most previous approaches are based on supervised learning, which requires a large-scale labeled dataset. However, such large-scale annotated datasets for fine-grained image recognition are difficult to collect because they generally require domain expertise during the labeling process. Researchers propose a self-supervised transfer learning method based on Vision Transformer (ViT) to learn finer representations without human annotations. Interestingly, it is observed that existing self-supervised learning methods using ViT (e.g., DINO) show poor patch-level semantic consistency, which may be detrimental to learning finer representations. Motivated by this observation, researchers propose a consistency loss function that encourages patch embeddings of the overlapping area between two augmented views to be similar to each other during self-supervised learning on fine-grained datasets.
  • 802
  • 07 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Building Footprint Extraction in Very-High-Resolution Remote Sensing Images
With the rapid development of very-high-resolution (VHR) remote-sensing technology, automatic identification and extraction of building footprints are significant for tracking urban development and evolution. Nevertheless, while VHR can more accurately characterize the details of buildings, it also inevitably enhances the background interference and noise information, which degrades the fine-grained detection of building footprints. In order to tackle the above issues, the attention mechanism is intensively exploited to provide a feasible solution. The attention mechanism is a computational intelligence technique inspired by the biological vision system capable of rapidly and automatically catching critical information.
  • 802
  • 27 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Memristor-Based Spiking Artificial Neural Networks
Arrays of memristive devices coupled with photosensors can be used for capturing and processing visual information, thereby realizing the concept of “in-sensor computing”. This is a promising concept associated with the development of compact and low-power machine vision devices, which is crucial important for bionic prostheses of eyes, on-board image recognition systems for unmanned vehicles, computer vision in robotics, etc. This concept can be applied for the creation of a memristor based neuromorphic analog machine vision systems.
  • 801
  • 21 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Augmented Reality-Artificial Intelligence Tools in Manufacturing
An important research area in the field of Industry 4.0 is to find a user-interface that is as convenient and intuitive to use as possible to ensure optimal human–machine interaction. Augmented Reality (AR) together with Advanced Image Recognition, powered by Artificial Intelligence (AI) seem to be a set of technologies supportive in this topic. Apart from user friendly interface, AR-AI tools are proved to provide time savings in manufacturing tasks, while simplifying the job at the same time, enabling inexperienced, unskilled, or less skilled employees to perform the work in the selected manual production processes.
  • 800
  • 24 Jun 2022
Topic Review
Malicious Social Network Messages
The primary methods of communication in the modern world are social networks, which are rife with harmful messages that can injure both psychologically and financially. Most websites do not offer services that automatically delete or send malicious communications back to the sender for correction, or notify the sender of inaccuracies in the content of the messages. The deployment of such systems could make use of techniques for identifying and categorizing harmful messages.
  • 800
  • 19 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Detection Leaf Blight Using Guava Leaves Imaging
Fruit is an essential element of human life and a significant gain for the agriculture sector. Guava is a common fruit found in different countries. It is considered the fourth primary fruit in Pakistan. Several bacterial and fungal diseases found in guava fruit decrease production daily. Leaf Blight is a common disease found in guava fruit that affects the growth and production of fruit. Automatic detection of leaf blight disease in guava fruit can help avoid decreases in its production.
  • 799
  • 21 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Autonomous Navigation of Agricultural Robots
Regarding agricultural harvesting robots, they typically consist of mobile platforms carrying robotic arms. These robots require advanced vision systems, employing adaptive thresholding algorithms, as well as texture-based methods and color shape characteristic extraction, to identify target fruits.
  • 799
  • 23 Jan 2024
Topic Review
UAV-Based Computer Vision for Tree Inventory
Accurate and efficient orchard tree inventories are essential for acquiring up-to-date information, which is necessary for effective treatments and crop insurance purposes. Surveying orchard trees, including tasks such as counting, locating, and assessing health status, plays a vital role in predicting production volumes and facilitating orchard management.
  • 798
  • 23 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Graph Clustering Algorithms
Graph clustering has received considerable attention, and its applications are numerous, ranging from the detection of social communities to the clustering of computer networks. It is classified as an NP-class problem, and several algorithms have been proposed with specific objectives. There also exist various quality metrics for evaluating them. Having clusters with the required density can be beneficial because it permits the effective deployment of resources.
  • 798
  • 26 Jan 2024
Topic Review
EfficientNetV2 and Transfer Learning Applied to Nursing Homes
In the context of population aging, to reduce the run on public medical resources, nursing homes need to predict the health risks of the elderly periodically. However, there is no professional medical testing equipment in nursing homes. In the current disease risk prediction research, many datasets are collected by professional medical equipment. In addition, the currently researched models cannot be run directly on mobile terminals.
  • 796
  • 27 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Single-Image Super-Resolution Neural Network
Single-image super-resolution (SISR) seeks to reconstruct a high-resolution image with the high-frequency information (meaning the details) restored from its low-resolution counterpart.
  • 794
  • 01 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Multimodal Sentiment Analysis in Realistic Environments
In the real world, multimodal sentiment analysis (MSA) enables the capture and analysis of sentiments by fusing multimodal information, thereby enhancing the understanding of real-world environments. The key challenges lie in handling the noise in the acquired data and achieving effective multimodal fusion. When processing the noise in data, existing methods utilize the combination of multimodal features to mitigate errors in sentiment word recognition caused by the performance limitations of automatic speech recognition (ASR) models.
  • 794
  • 07 Sep 2023
Topic Review
HVS and Contrast Sensitivity to Assess Image Quality
The human visual system (HVS) has many characteristics, such as the dual-pathway feature, in which visual information is transmitted through the ventral pathway and dorsal pathway in the visual cortex. The contrast sensitivity characteristic of the HVS reflects the different sensitivity of the human eye to different spatial frequencies. This characteristic is similar to the widely used spatial attention mechanism and image saliency.
  • 792
  • 05 Jun 2023
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