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Topic Review
Business Process Outsourcing
Business process outsourcing (BPO) is a subset of outsourcing that involves the contracting of the operations and responsibilities of a specific business process to a third-party service provider. Originally, this was associated with manufacturing firms, such as Coca-Cola that outsourced large segments of its supply chain. BPO is typically categorized into back office outsourcing, which includes internal business functions such as human resources or finance and accounting, and front office outsourcing, which includes customer-related services such as contact centre services. BPO that is contracted outside a company's country is called offshore outsourcing. BPO that is contracted to a company's neighbouring (or nearby) country is called nearshore outsourcing. Often the business processes are information technology-based, and are referred to as ITES-BPO, where ITES stands for Information Technology Enabled Service. Knowledge process outsourcing (KPO) and legal process outsourcing (LPO) are some of the sub-segments of business process outsourcing industry.
  • 2.2K
  • 18 Oct 2022
Topic Review
O2O Commerce and Consumer Behavior
Online-to-offline (O2O) commerce is a popular business model which links offline business activities with online channels. Consumer behavior in O2O commerce is more complex than in other traditional business models as both online and offline channels are involved.
  • 2.2K
  • 07 Jul 2022
Topic Review
Academic Journals
Many academics are critical of the current publishing system, but it is difficult to create a better alternative. The perspective relates to the sciences and social sciences, and discusses the primary purpose of academic journals as providing a seal of approval for perceived quality, impact, significance, and importance. The key issues considered include the role of anonymous refereeing, continuous rather than discrete frequency of publications, avoidance of time wasting, and seeking adventure. Here we give recommendations about the organization of journal articles, the roles of associate editors and referees, measuring the time frame for refereeing submitted articles in days and weeks rather than months and years, encouraging open access internet publishing, emphasizing the continuity of publishing online, academic publishing as a continuous dynamic process, and how to improve research after publication. Citations and functions thereof, such as the journal impact factor and h-index are the benchmark for evaluating the importance and impact of academic journals and published articles. Even in the very top journals, a high proportion of published articles is never cited, not even by the authors themselves. Top journal publications do not guarantee that published articles will make significant contributions, or that they will ever be highly cited. The COVID-19 world should encourage academics worldwide not only to rethink academic teaching, but also to re-evaluate key issues associated with academic journal publishing in the future.   
  • 2.2K
  • 13 Apr 2021
Topic Review
The Effects of Greenwashing on Circular Consumption
Circular consumption entails tactics like reusing, recycling, and repairing to minimize waste and optimize resource usage. Greenwashing, in contrast, pertains to the use of false or overblown environmental claims by companies wanting to capitalize on consumers’ rising environmental concerns. Green consumption has become a desirable and environmentally harmless political and economic assumption. Yet, concerns are being raised due to the emergence of greenwashing practices, which challenge the credibility of companies’ environmental claims. 
  • 2.1K
  • 10 Aug 2023
Biography
Jeff Church
Jeff Church (born August 24, 1961) is the cofounder of NIKA Water Company, a social entrepreneurial model that donates its profits to alleviate poverty, and Suja Juice, an organic juice company in California. Church graduated from Michigan State University in 1983 with a B.A. in accounting and was named one of the top twenty-five graduating seniors out of 8,000 students. He later attended Har
  • 2.1K
  • 23 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Business Process Reengineering
Business process re-engineering (BPR) is a business management strategy, originally pioneered in the early 1990s, focusing on the analysis and design of workflows and business processes within an organization. BPR aimed to help organizations fundamentally rethink how they do their work in order to dramatically improve customer service, cut operational costs, and become world-class competitors. BPR seeks to help companies radically restructure their organizations by focusing on the ground-up design of their business processes. According to early BPR proponent Thomas Davenport (1990), a business process is a set of logically related tasks performed to achieve a defined business outcome. Re-engineering emphasized a holistic focus on business objectives and how processes related to them, encouraging full-scale recreation of processes rather than iterative optimization of sub-processes. Business process reengineering is also known as business process redesign, business transformation, or business process change management.
  • 2.0K
  • 12 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Sustainable Supply Chain Practices in the Cement Industry
Sustainable supply chain management (SSCM) is an extension of traditional supply chain management (SCM) that takes into account environmental and social concerns. Cement manufacturing has been recognized as an intensive consumer of natural raw materials, fossil fuels, and energy, as well as a major source of multiple pollutants. This entry attempted to develop a model for SSCM practices by incorporating 23 SSCM factors divided into three dimensions of sustainability: nine factors of environmental SSCM, seven factors of social SSCM, and seven factors of economic SSCM.
  • 2.0K
  • 26 May 2023
Topic Review
The Moderating Role of e-WOM
Except for perceived fee, which has a negative effect on perceived value, the results demonstrate that all hypotheses of latent correlations in TAM and VAM were strongly significant. Furthermore, attitude and perceived value have a significant role in determining consumer adoption of e-learning. Consumers’ perceived value will be driven by the high and low levels of the moderating influence of e-word of mouth, influencing their intention toward e-learning. Since e-learning is an effective sustainable education system, the result of this study can provide a good solution to facilitate e-learning in current and future conditions.
  • 2.0K
  • 13 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Evolution and Interconnectedness of Corporate Sustainability Constructs
The concept of sustainable development (SD) was introduced in the “Our Common Future” report, launched in 1987, which influenced the emergence of many studies related to the role played by organizations as actors supporting SD. SD is a consolidated concept; however, since 1987, many political, social, and natural events have occurred on the planet, which have impacted companies’ behaviors. However, the diversity of research from different fields has provoked, among the academic community, a lack of clarity surrounding “sustainability” (S), “corporate sustainability” (CS) and “corporate social responsibility” (CSR) concepts. This lack of clarity can also be identified in companies, which have referred to “sustainability” only in the environmental field. Recently, increased discussions related to corporate sustainability metrics have shed light on the ESG criteria (environmental, social, and governance), increasing misperceptions associated with the concept. Ambiguous definitions and constructs may prevent managers from identifying sustainability goals for their companies.
  • 2.0K
  • 22 Apr 2022
Topic Review
Online Grocery Shopping Experience during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Online shopping has intensified in the last decade. The COVID-19 pandemic has imposed circulation limitations and more restrictive behaviors on consumers due to fears of contracting the virus, boosting online grocery shopping. Online grocery shopping is a form of online shopping for food and other household items processed through e-commerce websites or mobile apps. The studies on online grocery shopping started in the 1990s with the rise of the high-tech generation, who began shopping online for convenience as it simplified their lives. At the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, consumers focused on panic buying as they were afraid of future shortages. On the other hand, consumers also wanted to decrease the number of times they went shopping to reduce the risk of catching the virus. To avoid getting infected with the virus when physically going to the shops, some people started shopping for food online.
  • 2.0K
  • 15 Jul 2022
Topic Review
Bricks and Clicks
Bricks and clicks (aka clicks and bricks; click and mortar; bricks, clicks and flips; Womble Store Method (WSM); or WAMBAM ('Web Application Meets Bricks and Mortar') is a jargon term for a business model by which a company integrates both offline (bricks) and online (clicks) presences, sometimes with the third extra flips (physical catalogs). Additionally, many will also offer telephone ordering and mobile phone apps, or at least provide telephone sales support. The advent of mobile web has made businesses operating bricks and clicks businesses especially popular, because it means customers can do tasks like shopping when they have spare time and do not have to be at a computer. Many of these users prefer to use mobile shopping sites. A popular example of the bricks and clicks model is when a chain of stores allows the customer to order products either online or physically in one of their stores, also allowing them to either pick-up their order directly at a local branch of the store or get it delivered to their home. There are many alternative combinations of this model. The success of the model in many sectors has lessened the credibility of some analysts who argued that the Internet would render traditional retailers obsolete through disintermediation.
  • 2.0K
  • 21 Nov 2022
Topic Review
The Use of Virtual Reality in Tourism Destinations
The role of new technologies in tourism is changing rapidly, leading to the development of customer relationships through the use of virtual reality in the marketing of tourist destinations. In addition to focusing on the influence of travel intentions that has prevailed in practice so far, the use of VR is expected to have an impact on the travel experience on the spot.
  • 1.9K
  • 08 Apr 2022
Topic Review
Foreign Direct Investment and Corruption in Brazil
Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) is seen as a significant driver of economic growth and a potential ally in the struggle against poverty and inequality, making emerging countries focus on attracting this type of investment. Thus, understanding factors that impact the concentration of regional FDI is essential to verifying which characteristics encourage or deter foreign investment.
  • 1.9K
  • 30 May 2022
Topic Review
Digital Transformation(DX): Implications for Business
The origin and development of the term “digital transformation” can be examined based on Germany’s Industry 4.0, the Fourth Industrial Revolution, and the development of the digital economy. First, Industry 4.0 was a policy adopted in November 2011 as a strategy for information and communications as a part of Germany’s High-Tech Strategy 2020. Its goal is to achieve innovation in the manufacturing business [6], and according to Deloitte, the goal of this policy encompasses not only the development of specific technology but also a paradigm shift in the manufacturing business.
  • 1.9K
  • 23 Sep 2021
Topic Review
Green Innovation and Corporate Social Responsibility
Indonesia’s government policy recommends that medium and large companies carry out corporate social responsibility programs. These programs provide sustainability for the company because they can involve community social relations, economic growth, and increasing environmental awareness. Corporate social responsibility can increase green innovation in companies with the stability of environmentally friendly materials, emission reductions for the surrounding community, and saving energy use. Corporate social responsibility has a positive effect on firm performance because the company has maintained the continuity of the process. After all, it has a harmonious relationship with the community. Furthermore, green innovation positively affects firm performance because the company can reduce energy use and utilize environmentally friendly resources. Therefore, green innovation can mediate the influence of corporate social responsibility and firm performance. 
  • 1.9K
  • 31 May 2022
Topic Review
Scientist.com
Scientist.com (formerly known as Assay Depot) is a network of public and private e-commerce marketplaces that connect buyers and sellers of scientific research services. The company was founded in 2007 by Kevin Lustig, Chris Petersen and Andrew Martin and launched its first public research marketplace in September 2008.
  • 1.9K
  • 18 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Indian Escorts in Dubai: An Overview
However, it’s important to note that escort services in Dubai, particularly those involving Indian women. The presence of Indian escorts in Dubai is a topic that draws attention, particularly due to the unique cultural and legal landscape of the United Arab Emirates (UAE). While escort services exist in many parts of the world, Dubai, as a city that blends tradition with modernity, presents a complex scenario when it comes to the discussion of such services.
  • 1.8K
  • 31 Oct 2024
Topic Review
China Automotive Firms' Efficiency Evaluation
DEA (Data Envelopment Analysis), as a methodology for the efficiency evaluation of Decision-Making Units (DMUs) with multiple inputs and outputs, is widely used in various areas. The basic idea of DEA is to fit a non-parametric efficient production frontier with DMUs and measure the efficiency relative to the best-performance observations in the sample. In this paper, the China’s listed firms in the automotive industry are seen as the DMUs, and our goal is to measure the efficiency of each DMU and identity the ones that use the inputs more efficiently than the others that have resources over-utilized, namely, the firms can reduce the inputs while the outputs remains constant (input-oriented) rather than the firms can increase the outputs while their inputs remains constant (output-oriented). Therefore, the input-oriented model of DEA is appropriate for our research.
  • 1.8K
  • 06 Mar 2021
Topic Review
Green Entrepreneurship in the Agriculture Industry
Agriculture is one of those industries that is contributing significantly to environmental degradation. Globally, the agriculture industry causes soil erosion, pollutes lakes, rivers, sea, and ground water, pollutes the top layer of earth through the excess amount of chemical in the form of fertilizer, and causes the extinction of living species. Academic research suggests that one of the solutions to environmental degradation caused by the agriculture industry is promoting green agriculture enterprises and integrating agriculture with advanced sophisticated sustainable technology through green agriculture entrepreneurship. Green agriculture allows the achievement of established threshold sustainable criteria while advancing rural communities with regard to food, energy, and technological independence.
  • 1.8K
  • 06 Apr 2022
Topic Review
Industry 4.0 and Sustainable development
The text provides a methodologically coherent analysis of technological development in the context of the fourth industrial revolution or Industry 4.0 and its impact on changes in sustainable development policy. The focus is on topics that are directly relevant to current sustainable business development and the promotion of research and development of clean and smart technologies and processes
  • 1.8K
  • 04 Apr 2021
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