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Topic Review
LGBT Culture in Philadelphia
The development of LGBT culture in Philadelphia can be traced back to the early 20th century. It exists in current times as a dynamic and diverse culture with establishments and events held to promote LGBT culture and rights in Philadelphia and beyond.
  • 613
  • 29 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Emancipation Life Paths of Portuguese Cigano/Roma Women
In Portuguese society, some Cigano/Roma women, during their life paths, distance themselves from the Cigano cultural tradition, particularly in regard to marriage, schooling, employment and social life. On the one hand, there is a feeling of attachment to traditional values as family pressure to marry or in relation to gender differentiation; on the other hand, these women express a desire for empowerment autonomy and emancipation in order to draw up their own trajectories and life projects.
  • 607
  • 15 Jun 2022
Topic Review
Forensic Social Work
Forensic social work is the application of social work to questions and issues relating to law and legal systems. This specialty of the social work profession goes far beyond clinics and psychiatric hospitals for criminal defendants being evaluated and treated on issues of competency and responsibility. A broader definition includes social work practice which in any way is related to legal issues and litigation, both criminal and civil. Child custody issues, involving separation, divorce, neglect, termination of parental rights, the implications of child and spousal abuse, juvenile and adult justice services, corrections, and mandated treatment all fall under this definition. Forensic social worker may also be involved in policy or legislative development intended to improve social justice.
  • 606
  • 17 Nov 2022
Topic Review Peer Reviewed
Human Resources’ Burnout
The reality of the occurrence of burnout in human resources has been increasingly recognised as a result of today’s transforming and competitive society, which exerts a very high level of stress and anxiety on workers, generating a notorious problem in the field of human resource management. Problems related to symptoms of exhaustion, mental weakness, personal devaluation, inability to solve professional problems, restlessness, and eating disorders. These problems manifest themselves in terms of personality, triggering feelings of threat, panic, nervousness, or suicide. Such disorders pose a threat not only to the person but also to the quality of their professional activities. In this way, burnout syndrome can cause a mental and physical breakdown requiring complex medical assistance. In view of the above, it is imperative that organisations take preventative and corrective measures to tackle this phenomenon. This entry covers topics such as the history of the concept of burnout, the concept, its causes and consequences, and predictive methods. By approaching the aforementioned topics using the existing literature on burnout syndrome, this entry aims to demystify the subject of burnout in human resources.
  • 606
  • 11 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Student Experience and Communication during the COVID-19 Pandemic
The COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 prompted higher education institutions in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) to switch to online learning for the safety of their citizens.
  • 602
  • 21 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Bank Employee Perceptions of Corporate Social Responsibility Practices
Policymakers and regulators in Egypt such as the Central Bank of Egypt and the Egyptian Banking Institute are advised to request banks to pay more attention to environmental-related aspects of CSR to keep pace with Egypt 2030 vision and develop an action plan that helps increase bank employee awareness regarding the importance of CSR practices and engage employees further in developing their banks’ sustainability strategy.
  • 599
  • 28 Feb 2022
Topic Review
The Development of China
The Discussion on the Development of China in the turbulent world since the Founding of China in the year 1949.
  • 594
  • 04 Apr 2022
Topic Review
Food and Nutrition Insecurity
Food and nutrition insecurity means low resilience on food nutrition Security Indicators according to Resilience Index Measurement and Analysis (RIMA) outlined in FAO 2016.
  • 589
  • 17 Aug 2021
Topic Review
ChatGPT
ChatGPT is a human–artificial intelligence (AI) interaction application that was released on 30 April 2022. Since then, ChatGPT has been popularized worldwide rapidly. ChatGPT, in part, is capable of answering a wide variety of human-asked questions in ample domains of knowledge. ChatGPT also contains a function that automatically writes an essay in fewer than minutes. ChatGPT is, therefore, seen as a revolutionized instrument that helps students complete their coursework and assessments. 
  • 580
  • 18 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Carbon Tax in Taiwan
By 2020, there were 30 countries that had already implemented or were scheduled to implement a carbon tax, including South Africa and Singapore, both of which began to implement their carbon tax in 2019. At the end of 2019, the European Union (EU) adopted the European Green Deal. The EU aims to achieve a legally binding target of net zero greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by 2050 through the adoption of the European Climate Law. The EU is also introducing the Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) to prevent carbon leakage from other countries into the EU and encourage carbon taxation in other countries. The research retrospectively analyzed the structural path dependence and other difficulties that were faced during Taiwan’s attempted transitions toward a low-carbon economy. In combination with the common issues among developmental states, the technocratic decision-making in East Asia and the high-carbon industries have shaped the carbon lock-in effect to a certain degree. Additionally, the case of Taiwan illustrates how long-term low energy prices and wages are structured. Our study analysis showed that a brown economy reinforces the carbon lock-in effect and delays low-carbon transitions, resulting in the stagnation of attempts for sustainable economic transformation. Unless major external forces that are sufficient to break the deadlock are introduced, genuine low-carbon reforms seem unlikely.
  • 579
  • 05 Jan 2023
Topic Review
Factors Influencing Community Health Workers’ Preparedness for ICT
Globally, community health workers (CHWs) are increasingly viewed as an integral part of the health system as opposed to simply being an extension of it. Given this view, most low- or middle-income countries (LMICs) have refocused their efforts on reorganising CHW initiatives to maximise their impact. In 2011, the South African Department of Health formally integrated community health workers (CHWs) into the national health system to strengthen primary healthcare delivery following the Universal Health Coverage (UHC) principles and the South African National Development Plan 2030. Several studies have found that most CHWs are comfortable providing clinical treatment but are unsure how to translate epidemiological and socio-demographic data into relevant information for service delivery. Information and communication technology (ICT) provides a viable mechanism for assisting CHWs with information appropriation.
  • 557
  • 29 Jan 2023
Topic Review
Workplace Sexual Harassment and Productivity Loss Prevention
Workplace sexual harassment (WSH) is a severe problem affecting millions of women’s wholeness and well-being worldwide. WSH refers to unwanted sexual advances, unwelcome requests for sexual favors, verbal or physical conduct or gestures of a sexual nature, or any other sexual behavior that may be offensive, humiliating, or intimidating in the work environment.
  • 547
  • 04 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Human Library
Human Library (HL), also called Living Library previously, is similar to a traditional library where “readers” can read “human books” who share their life experiences and stories about topics that are prejudiced or misunderstood in society. The first HL, organized in response to the murder of the founders’ mutual friend in Denmark in 2000, had an explicit goal to educate young people to prevent violence in the community. Since then, HL’s target groups have extended beyond youth and the embedded messages have extended beyond anti-violence. HL gained much traction across the globe as a method to bring together people of diverse backgrounds for conversations to learn about each other.
  • 531
  • 15 Feb 2023
Topic Review
The Analysis of Chaos-Based Metaheuristic Methods
The concept of chaos has been applied extensively in various applications with the growth of nonlinear dynamical systems that are highly sensitive to the initial state. Chaos-based algorithms can generate a large number of different search points in a short time, which can help explore the optimization area more efficiently and quickly than traditional optimization algorithms. In this regard, a new method named CSCSO is proposed to improve the shortcomings of the recently proposed Sand Cat Swarm Optimization (SCSO) algorithm with this chaos theory. This algorithm has also been tested in engineering and social science-based constrained problems. Especially in social sciences, it solves basic problems with this kind of artificial intelligence-based mechanism instead of traditional methods such as questionnaires and fieldresearch.
  • 526
  • 07 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Small Wineries Social Media Use
The complexity of the wine market implies that consumers often seek more information before buying. Indeed, compared to other alcoholic beverages, wine is very present on the web. The wine industry is not an exception as to how it relates to ICTs, even if, in the beginning, it was reluctant to fully embrace this disruptive technology. The outreach to ICTs and especially to social media (SM) allows wineries to benefit from multiple opportunities (e.g., crowdfunding). Considering the global outreach of the wine industry, wineries are also required to integrate ICTs continuously and directly into their work processes and learn how to capitalise on online opportunities to stand out. Thousands of wineries around the world are using their websites and SM tools to sell wine online. This online presence allows wineries to provide consumers with information, facilitate sales, and manage relationships with wine consumers and wine tourists.
  • 525
  • 28 Jul 2021
Topic Review
The Key Motive of Adaptive Social Innovation
The fundamental cause of adaptive social innovation can be found in the changes derived from the “digital economy.” Newly born platform capitalism and its industrial structure are expanding their dominant power in economic systems. This is causing extensive upheaval in the fundamentals that support the social and economic environment such as production, consumption, distribution, etc., by reorganizing the production and distribution systems. 
  • 505
  • 21 Mar 2022
Topic Review
The End of Poverty
The end of poverty is the first of the 17 sustainable development goals of the United Nations.
  • 503
  • 13 Oct 2021
Topic Review
Sustainability Initiative Awareness of Professional Sports Organizations
It is undeniable that professional sports organizations (PSO) have done an enormous amount of work regarding sustainability. Despite all these efforts, the awareness of these results by the stakeholders falls far short of what was intended. In addition to the importance of visibility of the chosen topics, researchers also studied if the distance is a decisive factor for greater effectiveness in conveying the PSO's message on such an important and cross-cutting topic these days: sustainability.
  • 490
  • 05 May 2022
Topic Review
Qualitative Evidence for Return-to-Work
Chronic musculoskeletal pain (CMSP) (i.e., pain duration >3 months) such as chronic neck/shoulder and back pain or generalized widespread pain (including fibromyalgia (FM)) has a prevalence from 10.4% to 20% among adults.
  • 485
  • 19 Apr 2021
Topic Review
Mediation Effect of Risk Attitude
The influence of the epidemic situation on an individual’s risk perception will change an individual’s risk attitude, which, in turn, will affect their willingness to consume products from restaurants. Epidemic risk perception may also directly affect said willingness. Prati and team found that risk attitude is the most important component in predicting willingness, and it is further predicted by risk perception. A study of Spanish consumers by Martinez-Poveda and others found that the willingness and acceptance of consumers to buy goods is largely determined by the risks they perceive in the goods. Yang and Chen found that there is an interaction between risk perception and risk attitude, which affects the behavior of subjects. A study of consumer attitudes toward genetically modifiedfood in recent years, conducted by Wang and others, found that both risk perception and return affect consumers’ willingness to purchase genetically modified food. Consumers’ risk perception of the epidemic situation will influence their risk attitude and willingness to consume food. Based on the above analysis, the following hypothesis is proposed: Risk attitude plays a mediating role in the influence of consumers’ epidemic risk perception on their willingness to consume products from restaurants.
  • 480
  • 12 Jul 2022
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