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Topic Review
Personalized Aggression Risk Prediction
Aggression is defined as a range of hostile behaviors intended to cause harm. Aggression risk assessments are vital to prevent injuries and morbidities amongst patients and staff in psychiatric settings.
  • 383
  • 18 Jan 2023
Topic Review
Central Nervous System Receptors and Mental Disorders
Mental illnesses are a global health challenge, and effective medicines are needed to treat these conditions. Psychotropic drugs are commonly prescribed to manage mental disorders, such as schizophrenia, but unfortunately, they can cause significant and undesirable side effects, such as myocarditis, erectile dysfunction, and obesity.
  • 378
  • 09 May 2023
Topic Review
Images and Logics of Discovery in Psychiatric Care
A psychopathological phenomenon is an experienced condition whose peculiar features emerge within an interpersonal context. In different interpersonal (e.g., socio-cultural) contexts and in different contexts of care (e.g., bio-medical, psychotherapeutic or community settings), different phenomena may emerge from the same patient and they can be given different psychopathological significance. Symptom variance (which is taboo for ticking-boxes interviewing techniques) is an effect of the milieu in which a given phenomenon emerges.
  • 366
  • 29 Dec 2022
Topic Review
EEG Correlates of Suicide Ideation and Suicide Attempt
Previous research suggests that electroencephalography (EEG) can play a key role in the evaluation of suicide risk. We systematically reviewed EEG resting state studies of adults with suicide ideation (SI) or with a history of suicide attempts (SAs). After searching for relevant studies using the PubMed and Web of Science databases, we applied the PRISMA method to exclude duplicates and studies that did not match our inclusion criteria. The selection process yielded seven studies, which suggest that imbalances in frontal and left temporal brain regions might reflect abnormal activation and correlate with psychological distress. Furthermore, asymmetrical activation in frontal and posterior cortical regions was detected in high-risk depressed persons, although the pattern in the frontal region was inverted in non-depressed persons. The literature reviewed suggests that SI and SA may be driven by separate neural circuits and that high-risk persons can be found within non-depressed populations. More research is needed to develop intelligent algorithms for the automated detection of high-risk EEG anomalies in the general population.
  • 350
  • 14 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Co-Counselling International
Co-Counselling International (CCI) is an international peer network of co-counsellors (spelled co-counseling and co-counselors in US English).
  • 336
  • 10 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Schizophreniform Disorder
Schizophreniform disorder is a mental disorder diagnosed when symptoms of schizophrenia are present for a significant portion of time (at least a month), but signs of disturbance are not present for the full six months required for the diagnosis of schizophrenia. The symptoms of both disorders can include delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, disorganized or catatonic behavior, and social withdrawal. While impairment in social, occupational, or academic functioning is required for the diagnosis of schizophrenia, in schizophreniform disorder an individual's level of functioning may or may not be affected. While the onset of schizophrenia is often gradual over a number of months or years, the onset of schizophreniform disorder can be relatively rapid. Like schizophrenia, schizophreniform disorder is often treated with antipsychotic medications, especially the atypicals, along with a variety of social supports (such as individual psychotherapy, family therapy, occupational therapy, etc.) designed to reduce the social and emotional impact of the illness. The prognosis varies depending upon the nature, severity, and duration of the symptoms, but about two-thirds of individuals diagnosed with schizophreniform disorder go on to develop schizophrenia.
  • 318
  • 01 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Physician-Patient Communication in Risk-Reducing Salpingo-Oophorectomy Surgery
Risk-reducing bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy (RRSO) is an effective prophylactic surgery provided to premenopausal women carrying BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations and presenting an increased risk of developing breast or ovarian cancer. This procedure is related to physiological, sexual, and psychosocial distress, which altogether increase uncertainty and complexity in the clinical decision-making process and post-surgery adaptation. Physician-patient communication (PPC) has been pointed out as a determinant factor in the decision-making to undergo RRSO, and the subsequent adjustment of women. 
  • 262
  • 22 Feb 2023
Topic Review
Tools and Methods for Diagnosing Developmental Dysgraphia
Handwriting is a complex perceptual motor task that requires years of training and practice before complete mastery. Its acquisition is crucial, since handwriting is the basis, together with reading, of the acquisition of higher-level skills such as spelling, grammar, syntax, and text composition. Despite the correct learning and practice of handwriting, some children never master this skill to a sufficient level. These handwriting deficits, referred to as developmental dysgraphia, can seriously impact the acquisition of other skills and thus the academic success of the child if they are not diagnosed and handled early.
  • 258
  • 25 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Stress of Prematurity in Experience of COVID-19 Pandemic
Stress is a process that triggers various physiological, hormonal and psychological mechanisms in response to a threat, which significantly affects the health of an individual. The COVID-19 pandemic introduced a lot of social changes that required constant adaptation to unfavorable conditions. Maternal stress and anxiety increase the levels of corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) in the placenta, which in turn affects the incidence of preterm birth and many other related maternal and neonatal complications.
  • 242
  • 26 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Evening Chronotype and Suicide
A chronotype is generally defined as the variability of the phase angle of entrainment, while the latter reflects the relationship between the timing of a certain rhythm (e.g., the sleep–wake cycle) and the timing of an external temporal cue. Individuals can be placed on a spectrum from “morning types” (M types) to “evening types” (E types). E-chronotype has been proposed as a transdiagnostic risk factor for psychiatric conditions, and it has been associated with psychopathological dimensions. Eveningness seems to be correlated with both suicidal ideation (SI) and suicidal behavior (SB) through several possible mediating factors. Immunological alterations have also been linked to later chronotypes and SI/SB. 
  • 218
  • 04 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Neuromodulation of Eating Disorders
Eating disorders are a group of psychiatric conditions that involve pathological relationships between patients and food. The most prolific of these disorders are anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and binge eating disorder. 
  • 205
  • 05 Mar 2024
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