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Topic Review
Artificial Intelligence in Breast Cancer Medical Imaging
The heavy global burden and mortality of breast cancer emphasize the importance of early diagnosis and treatment. Imaging detection is one of the main tools used in clinical practice for screening, diagnosis, and treatment efficacy evaluation, and can visualize changes in tumor size and texture before and after treatment. The overwhelming number of images, which lead to a heavy workload for radiologists and a sluggish reporting period, suggests the need for computer-aid detection techniques and platform. In addition, complex and changeable image features, heterogeneous quality of images, and inconsistent interpretation by different radiologists and medical institutions constitute the primary difficulties in breast cancer screening and imaging diagnosis. The advancement of imaging-based artificial intelligence (AI)-assisted tumor diagnosis is an ideal strategy for improving imaging diagnosis efficient and accuracy. By learning from image data input and constructing algorithm models, AI is able to recognize, segment, and diagnose tumor lesion automatically, showing promising application prospects. Furthermore, the rapid advancement of “omics” promotes a deeper and more comprehensive recognition of the nature of cancer.
  • 605
  • 03 Feb 2023
Topic Review
Evidence of Disaster Planning by Home Care Providers
The increasing risk of disasters worldwide poses challenges both to health care infrastructures and to home care providers, who must maintain decentralised services for those in need of long-term care for as long as possible, even under adverse circumstances. However, both the kind of organisational precautions that home care providers consider in preparation for disasters and the available evidence on the effectiveness of these precautions remain largely unclear.
  • 602
  • 22 May 2023
Topic Review
DNA Aptamers to Detect Vibrio spp.
Early and accurate diagnoses of pathogenic microorganisms is essential to correctly identify diseases, treating infections, and tracking disease outbreaks associated with microbial infections, to develop precautionary measures that allow a fast and effective response in epidemics and pandemics, thus improving public health. Aptamers are a class of synthetic nucleic acid molecules with the potential to be used for medical purposes, since they can be directed towards any target molecule. Currently, the use of aptamers has increased because they are a useful tool in the detection of specific targets. 
  • 601
  • 29 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Sex Differences in Substance Use, Prevalence, Pharmacological Therapy
Sex differences are poorly studied within the field of mental health, even though there is evidence of disparities (with respect to brain anatomy, activation patterns, and neurochemistry, etc.) that can significantly influence the etiology and course of mental disorders. Girls with ADHD are more at risk of substance use than boys, although there was no consensus on the prevalence of dual disorders. Girls are less frequently treated because of underdiagnosis and because they are more often inattentive and thereby show less disruptive behavior. Together with increased impairment in cognitive and executive functioning in girls, the aforementioned could be related to greater substance use and poorer functioning, especially in terms of more self-injurious behavior; and early diagnosis and treatment of ADHD, especially in adolescent girls, is essential to prevent early substance use, the development of SUD, and suicidal behavior.
  • 596
  • 27 May 2022
Topic Review
Rehabilitation of Motor Impairment in Stroke
Stroke is categorized as one of the most concerning global health issues as it is a serious and common disabling factor worldwide. Ageing and urbanization are two powerful drivers of stroke. The elderly population is at higher risk of experiencing a stroke, but stroke can be prevented to some extent by dealing with the modifiable menace factors such as physical inactivity, drugs, unhealthy diet, and tobacco so that problems such as hypertension, high blood pressure, and diabetes, which are the root causes of the epidemic, may be managed. Different therapies are described, such as functional electric stimulation (FES), noninvasive brain stimulation (NIBS) including transcranial direct current stimulation (t-DCS) and transcranial magnetic stimulation (t-MS), invasive epidural cortical stimulation, virtual reality (VR) rehabilitation, task-oriented therapy, robot-assisted training, tele rehabilitation, and cerebral plasticity for the rehabilitation of upper extremity motor impairment. New therapeutic rehabilitation techniques are also being investigated, such as VR. 
  • 593
  • 11 Feb 2022
Topic Review
Gender Differences in the Diagnosis of Dyslipidemia
Evidence shows that objectives for detecting and controlling dyslipidemia are not being effectively met, and outcomes differ between men and women.
  • 587
  • 10 Dec 2021
Topic Review
Mechanism of Monkeypox Disease
The past have witnessed an appalling rise in several emerging and re-emerging viral and zoonotic outbreaks. Such outbreaks are a lesson to learn from and seek insight into better disease monitoring and surveillance, thus preventing future outbreaks. Monkeypox, a viral zoonotic illness caused by the monkeypox virus, may no longer be endemic to the tropical rainforests of Central and West Africa. However, the monkeypox outbreak in nonendemic countries is most likely due to failure to curb the disease dissemination in endemic African regions despite constant outbreaks. The clinical manifestations are typified by a prodromal phase (fever, myalgia, malaise, and lymphadenopathy) followed by maculopapular or vesicular, or pustular cutaneous eruptions that eventually form encrustations and peel off. Children and the elderly, pregnant females, and individuals living with comorbidities (diabetes, HIV/AIDS, and lymphoproliferative ailments) are at a high risk of severe disease. Monkeypox is a self-limiting disorder, but its complications and pandemic potential signify its immense public health relevance. The ongoing monkeypox outbreak in nonendemic nations areas was identified with increased propensity in men who have sex with men (MSMs) with no travel history to endemic regions, emphasizing the changing trends in disease transmission. 
  • 585
  • 24 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Research Trends of Physical Activity during Pregnancy
Physical activity (PA) during pregnancy has been proven beneficial to pregnant women, with a significant effect on ameliorating many severe gestational complications. Improvement of sedentary behaviour, lifestyle intervention through leisure-time PA, and preterm care are major research frontiers and have received extensive attention. 
  • 582
  • 21 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Cervical Cancer Detection
Cervical cancer is a common and preventable disease that poses a significant threat to women’s health and well-being. It is the fourth most prevalent cancer among women worldwide, with approximately 604,000 new cases and 342,000 deaths in 2020, according to the World Health Organization. 
  • 580
  • 08 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Urgent Threat of Infections by Antimicrobial Resistant Bacteria
Infectious disease outbreaks have caused thousands of deaths and hospitalizations, along with severe negative global economic impacts. Among these, infections caused by antimicrobial-resistant microorganisms are a major growing concern. The misuse and overuse of antimicrobials have resulted in the emergence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) worldwide. Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE) are among the bacteria that need urgent attention globally. The emergence and spread of carbapenem-resistant bacteria are mainly due to the rapid dissemination of genes that encode carbapenemases through horizontal gene transfer (HGT). The rapid dissemination enables the development of host colonization and infection cases in humans who do not use the antibiotic (carbapenem) or those who are hospitalized but interacting with environments and hosts colonized with carbapenemase-producing (CP) bacteria. There are continuing efforts to characterize and differentiate carbapenem-resistant bacteria from susceptible bacteria to allow for the appropriate diagnosis, treatment, prevention, and control of infections.
  • 579
  • 04 Jul 2023
Topic Review
AI for Biomarker Analysis in Early Cancer Detection
Governments worldwide have prioritized multicancer early detection (MCED) for the better management of cancers. Artificial intelligence (AI) is a promising technology to enhance the performance of MCED. In the field of MCED, applying AI has also proven to be efficient in improving diagnostic performance. Harnessing AI has become a must-use technology in analyzing MCED data because MCED tools typically target tens of analytical targets. 
  • 579
  • 29 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Associations between Childhood Abuse and Adult Psychopathology
Research consistently shows that abuse during childhood is related to adult psychopathology. Adverse childhood experiences, including emotional, physical, and sexual abuse, have been consistently linked to mental health problems in children and adults.
  • 579
  • 05 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Hypoxia in Cardiovascular Diseases
Heart valve diseases are a major contributor to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality worldwide. They affect more than 13% of the population aged over 75 years old and occur when any type of the four heart valves (tricuspid, pulmonic, mitral, and aortic valves) is damaged. Calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD) is defined as a slowly progressing condition that ranges from mild valve aortic sclerosis to severe calcifying aortic valve stenosis. This progression manifests in approximately 2% of individuals over 65 years old annually.
  • 577
  • 20 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Fitness Costs Antibiotic Resistance in the Gut
The acquisition of antibiotic resistance by horizontal gene transfer and by mutational changes in the chromosome or genes located in mobile genetic elements, followed by antibiotic resistance phenotype expression, implies modification of the cellular physiological status, including homeostatic adaptations of the previously susceptible cell.
  • 575
  • 26 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Radon and Non-Pulmonary Neoplasm Risk
Although Radon (Rn) is a known agent for lung cancer, the link between Rn exposure and other non-pulmonary neoplasms remains unclear. The aim of this review is to investigate the role of Rn in the development of tumors other than lung cancer in both occupational and environmental exposure.  
  • 574
  • 22 Oct 2021
Topic Review
Decrease Death Rate of Neonates
Neglected diseases still kill and disable too many, but no age group has in this regard received less attention than newborns. A newborn or neonate is a human from age 0 to 28 days. Worldwide, their contribution to death and disease is overwhelming and unequaled by any condition, while at the same time, its prevention and treatments are simple, relatively cheap, and efficient. 
  • 573
  • 12 May 2022
Topic Review
Gender-Based Violence Survivors
Survivors of sexual and gender-based violence (SGBV) are often hindered in their quest to access quality healthcare. This has a significant effect towards the achievement of Sustainable Development Goal SDG Target 3.7. to ensure universal access to sexual and reproductive healthcare services. 
  • 573
  • 17 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Medical 3D Printing
3D printing (3DP) has advanced traditional medical treatments. Healthcare has witnessed a remarkable transformation with the emergence of reverse engineering 3D printing. This innovative technology has demonstrated its potential to surmount the limitations encountered by traditional medical treatments. With more than a decade of dedicated research and exploration, 3DP has garnered substantial attention for its ability to address the challenges in medical treatment by creating patient-specific implants, advanced medical devices, and intricate anatomical models.
  • 571
  • 09 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Regulation of Dietary Energy Intake
Obesity is one of the most important factors responsible for the marked increase in both the incidence and prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in recent decades. Addressing the lifestyle factors associated with the progression to T2DM would present a potential rational early prevention strategy. 
  • 569
  • 28 Feb 2023
Topic Review
Telemedicine Respiratory Therapist Service of COVID-19
The telemedicine respiratory therapist (eRT) interventions were components of an evidence-based care bundle and included ventilator liberation protocols, low tidal volume protocols, tube patency, and an extubation checklist. In addition, the proactive rounding of patients, including ventilator checks, was included. An eRT service can support the bedside RT providers, effectively monitor best practice bundles, and carry out patient–ventilator assessments. It was effective in certain emergent situations and reduced the exposure of respiratory therapists (RTs) to COVID-19. 
  • 567
  • 16 Feb 2022
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