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Topic Review
Antimicrobial Resistance in Salmonella in Poultry
Salmonellosis is one of the most common zoonotic diseases globally including in Bangladesh. Every year millions of people, animals, and poultry are affected by salmonella infection. Salmonellosis is frequently associated with high mortality rates that are closely 90%, resulting in significant economic losses.
  • 1.2K
  • 14 Dec 2021
Topic Review
Plant Neighbor of BRCA1
Plant NBR1 is a structural homolog and functional hybrid of mammalian autophagy receptors NBR1 and p62.
  • 1.2K
  • 26 Feb 2021
Topic Review
Ribosomal Protein S6 as A Therapeutic Target
Ribosomal protein S6 (RPS6) is a component of the 40S small ribosomal subunit and participates in the control of mRNA translation. Additionally, phospho (p)-RPS6 has been recognized as a surrogate marker for the activated PI3K/AKT/mTORC1 pathway, which occurs in many cancer types. However, downstream mechanisms regulated by RPS6 or p-RPS remains elusive, and the therapeutic implication of RPS6 is underappreciated despite an approximately half a century history of research on this protein. In addition, substantial evidence from RPS6 knockdown experiments suggests the potential role of RPS6 in maintaining cancer cell proliferation. This motivates us to investigate the current knowledge of RPS6 functions in cancer. 
  • 1.2K
  • 11 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Lateral Flow Immunoassay Technology for Food Safety Detection
Lateral flow immunoassay (LFI) is used in many applications, particularly in the field of food safety testing, including various pathogens, drug residues, food additives and other illegal additives, etc. The basic principle of LFI testing is the flow of a liquid test sample, with antibody-containing strips interacting with the analyte and discriminating the results by the accumulation of chromogenic substances. Although LFI is simple, inexpensive and portable, the results obtained are qualitative or at best semi-quantitative, which limits the wider use of LFI. 
  • 1.2K
  • 23 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Probiotics Regulate Gut Microbiota
Probiotics are beneficial active microorganisms that colonize the human intestines and change the composition of the flora in particular parts of the host. Recent evidence has shown that probiotics play significant roles in gut microbiota composition, which can inhibit the colonization of pathogenic bacteria in the intestine, help the host build a healthy intestinal mucosa protective layer, and enhance the host immune system. Based on the close relationship between the gut microbiota and human immunity, it has become an extremely effective way to improve human immunity by regulating the gut microbiome with probiotics.
  • 1.2K
  • 12 Oct 2021
Topic Review
ICTs in Agri-Food Logistics
A major challenge of Sustainable Development Goal 12 “Responsible Consumption and Production” is to reduce food losses along production and supply chains. This is particularly critical for fresh food products, due to their perishable and fragile nature, which makes the coordination of the actors all the more crucial to avoid wastes and losses. The rise of new technologies, referred to as “Industry 4.0” powered by the internet of things, big data analytics and artificial intelligence, could bring new solutions to meet these needs. Information and communication technologies (ICTs) allow for frequent exchanges of huge amounts of information between actors in the agrofood chains to coordinate their activities.
  • 1.2K
  • 02 Feb 2022
Topic Review
Fructose and Gut Microbiota
Fructose is a structural isomer of glucose and galactose. As eating a fructose-rich diet is becoming more common, the effects of maternal fructose intake on offspring health is of increasing relevance. The gut is required to process fructose, and a high-fructose diet can alter the gut microbiome, resulting in gut dysbiosis and metabolic disorders. 
  • 1.2K
  • 10 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Phosphorus in Wastewater in the Form of Polyphosphates
As non-renewable resource, the recovery and utilization of phosphorus from wastewater is an enduring topic. Stimulated by the advances in research on polyphosphates (polyP) as well as the development of Enhanced Biological Phosphorus Removal (EBPR) technology to achieve the efficient accumulation of polyP via polyphosphate accumulating organisms (PAOs), a novel phosphorus removal strategy is considered with promising potential for application in real wastewater treatment processes. This entry mainly focuses on the mechanism of phosphorus aggregation in the form of polyP during the phosphate removal process. Further discussion about the reuse of polyP with different chain lengths is provided herein so as to suggest possible application pathways for this biosynthetic product.
  • 1.2K
  • 28 Feb 2022
Topic Review
Serbian Traditional Goat Cheese
Serbian goat cheese, quality relies on the use of milk collected from animals reared in organic farming systems. This organic milk contains more dry matter and nutrients; hence, its usage leads to the obtention of dairy products with exceptional nutritional and functional properties. Goat’s milk harbors a specific taste, and it is known to cause less allergic reactions than cow’s milk. The absence of adverse reactions is due to its low or minimal level of the αs1-casein fraction. Goat’s milk is generally more easily digested (the fat globules are smaller) and represents a good source of calcium, phosphorus and vitamins.
  • 1.2K
  • 26 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Rhizosphere Associated Bacteria
The abundance of nutrient accumulation in rhizosphere soils has placed the rhizosphere as an “epicenter” of bacterial concentrations. Nonetheless, over the years, little attention has been given to bacterial inoculants and soil-like substrates. The reason is that many farmers and experiments have focused on chemical fertilizers as an approach to improve plant growth and yield. Therefore, we focused on assessing the application of rhizosphere soil and its associated bacteria for biotechnological applications.
  • 1.2K
  • 23 Feb 2021
Topic Review
Climate-Smart Agriculture Technology Adoption by Farming Households
Climate-smart agriculture (CSA) technologies have been developed by scientists and researchers amidst the high rise in climate change. Some of these technologies are improved versions of old practices while a few others are entirely new in the system. Appropriate technologies to adapt to the changing climatic condition will necessarily need to be drought-tolerant, grow and produce well within a short duration, tolerant to multiple pests and diseases, able to produce well under marginal soil fertility conditions, and high yielding among other desirable traits.
  • 1.2K
  • 12 Nov 2021
Topic Review
Conservation Agriculture and the System of Rice Intensification
Conservation Agriculture (CA) and the System of Rice Intensification (SRI) are both agroecologically-oriented production systems that support more productive, sustainable, and resource-conserving farming, with synergies arising from their respective assemblages of reinforcing agronomic methods.
  • 1.2K
  • 08 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Narrow-Leaf (dnl2) Mutant in Maize
The dnl2 mutant is a recessive mutant caused by EMS mutagenesis that displays various developmental defects, with a short stature and narrowed leaves being the two most obvious features. Phenotypic and cytological observations revealed that narrow-leaf mutant, dnl2 showed inhibited cell growth, altered vascular bundle patterning, and disrupted secondary cell wall structure when compared with the wild-type, which could be the direct cause of the dwarf and narrow-leaf phenotype.
  • 1.2K
  • 21 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Trichoderma
Trichoderma spp. has the ability to inhibit fungal plant pathogens through several mechanisms like the production of hydrolytic enzymes, mycoparasitism, coiling, and antibiosis and is therefore recommended as a potential and native biocontrol agent for effective control of soil-transmitted diseases. Various species of Trichoderma, like T. virens, T. asperellum, T. harzianum, etc., have been explored for their biocontrol activity against phytopathogens. There are different Trichoderma species and strains with respect to plant pathogens. Efforts have been made to develop effective and efficient methods, such as microencapsulation use of different polymers, adjuvants, or carriers, to increase the shelf-life and efficacy of Trichoderma formulations.
  • 1.2K
  • 09 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Antibiotics and Their Impact on Bacterial Cellular Perturbation
Antibiotics belong to different classes of chemicals—including those of biological, synthetic, or semi-synthetic origin—and have selective modes of action. Based on their mechanisms of action, antimicrobial compounds are classified into two groups: bacteriostatic and bactericidal. Resistance is a natural adaptive tool that offers selection pressure to bacteria, and hence cannot be stopped entirely but rather be slowed down. Antibiotic resistance mutations mostly diminish bacterial reproductive fitness in an environment without antibiotics; however, a fraction of resistant populations ‘accidentally’ emerge as the fittest and thrive in a specific environmental condition, thus favouring the origin of a successful resistant clone.
  • 1.2K
  • 11 Jan 2022
Topic Review
F-Box Protein
F-box genes can regulate plant growth and development, including hormone, root development, self-incompatibility, senescence, and response to abiotic and biotic stress.
  • 1.2K
  • 12 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Omega-6 Fatty Acids
Global beef production must increase in the next decades to meet the demands of a growing population, while promoting sustainable use of limited natural resources. Supplementing beef cattle with omega-6 fatty acids (FAs) is a nutritional approach shown to enhance production efficiency, with research conducted across different environments and sectors of the beef industry. Omega-6 FA from natural feed ingredients such as soybean oil are highly susceptible to ruminal biohydrogenation. Hence, our and other research groups have used soybean oil in the form of Ca soaps (CSSO) to lessen ruminal biohydrogenation, and maximize delivery of omega-6 FA to the duodenum for absorption. In cow–calf systems, omega-6 FA supplementation to beef cows improved pregnancy success by promoting the establishment of early pregnancy. Cows receiving omega-6 FA during late gestation gave birth to calves that were healthier and more efficient in the feedlot, suggesting the potential role of omega-6 FA on developmental programming. Supplementing omega-6 FA to young cattle also elicited programming effects toward improved adipogenesis and carcass quality, and improved calf immunocompetence upon a stress stimulus. Cattle supplemented with omega-6 FA during growing or finishing periods also experienced improved performance and carcass quality. All these research results were generated using cattle of different genetic composition (Bos taurus and B. indicus influenced), and in different environments (tropical, subtropical, and temperate region). Hence, supplementing omega-6 FA via CSSO is a sustainable approach to enhance the production efficiency of beef industries across different areas of the world. 
  • 1.2K
  • 21 Jun 2021
Topic Review
Effects of Dietary Tributyrin on Yellow-Feathered Broilers
Various antibiotic products in poultry production are gradually being banned around the world due to the adverse problems including the antibiotic residues and antibiotic resistance. Tributyrin was a potential alternative to antibiotics. The results of the present study indicated that tributyrin could improve the growth performance by modulating blood biochemical indices and the cecal microflora composition of yellow-feathered broilers. To the best of our knowledge, few studies investigated the effects of tributyrin on intestinal microbiota and its relationship with growth performance in broilers. This will provide a scientific basis for the application of tributyrin in animal husbandry in this post-antibiotic era.
  • 1.2K
  • 17 Dec 2021
Topic Review
Melatonin in Plants
Melatonin, a multifunctional molecule that is present in all living organisms studied, is synthesized in plant cells in several intercellular organelles including in the chloroplasts and in mitochondria.
  • 1.2K
  • 29 Sep 2021
Topic Review
Short-tailed Mongoose
The Short-tailed Mongoose, scientifically known as Herpestes brachyurus, is a small carnivorous mammal found in various habitats across Southeast Asia. Characterized by its compact body, short tail, and agile movements, this mongoose species is known for its elusive nature and nocturnal habits. Despite its relatively small size, the Short-tailed Mongoose is a formidable predator, preying on a variety of small vertebrates and insects within its range.
  • 1.2K
  • 28 Feb 2024
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