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Topic Review
Using STEM to Educate Engineers about Sustainability
Sustainable design means to base design on any systems and methods that can fulfill any of the sustainability goals: reducing waste, recycling plastics, upcycle materials, etc., and having less of an impact on the environment. Therefore, a challenge arises: how to design products based on sustainable design. This research presents a case study, about how students in a university’s design department, used sustainability practices in their projects, to adopt sustainability as a major aspect during the design process of a product. The researchers used STEM methodologies to educate and guide the students to adopt recycling and upcycling practices to design and develop an educational mobile robot for Educational Robotics and Mechatronics applications. Students were encouraged to develop their problem-solving approaches when developing their designed robots, for a mechatronics project given to them. In this way, the researchers fostered the active and motivated participation of students; an increased interest was found related to several factors, including challenge, competition, group participation, and more. 
  • 979
  • 20 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Electric Vehicle Battery Cells
Nowadays, batteries for electric vehicles are expected to have a high energy density, allow fast charging and maintain long cycle life, while providing affordable traction, and complying with stringent safety and environmental standards. Extensive research on novel materials at cell level is hence needed for the continuous improvement of the batteries coupled towards achieving these requirements. 
  • 975
  • 26 Jul 2021
Topic Review
Aerodynamic Power Extraction of Large-Scale Wind Turbine Systems
As the impacts of environmental change become more severe, reliable and sustainable power generation and efficient aerodynamic power collection of onshore and offshore wind turbine systems present some of the associated key issues to address. 
  • 973
  • 25 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Idiot Light
An idiot light, sometimes "tell-tale" or "warning light", is an indicator of malfunction of a system, indicated by a binary (on/off) illuminated light, symbol or text legend. The "idiot light" terminology arises from popular frustration with automakers' use of lights for crucial functions which could previously be monitored by gauges, so a troublesome condition could be detected and corrected early. Such early detection of problems with, for example, engine temperature or oil pressure or charging system operation is not possible via an idiot light, which lights only when a fault has already occurred – thus providing no advance warnings or details of the malfunction's extent. The Hudson automobile company was the first to use lights instead of gauges for oil pressure and the voltmeter, starting in the mid-1930s.
  • 970
  • 01 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Applications and Challenges of Acoustic Wake-Up Technology
Microsystems with capabilities of acoustic signal perception and recognition are widely used in unattended monitoring applications. In order to realize long-term and large-scale monitoring, microsystems with ultra-low power consumption are always required. Acoustic wake-up is one of the solutions to effectively reduce the power consumption of microsystems, especially for monitoring sparse events.
  • 970
  • 12 Jan 2023
Topic Review
Single-Phase Fault Tolerant Multilevel Inverters Topologies
Multilevel inverters (MLIs) are used in a variety of industrial applications in high- and medium-voltage systems. The modularity, high-power output from medium voltages, and low harmonic content are some of the advantages of MLIs. The reliability of MLIs is quite important. The reliability is affected by different kinds of faults occurring in the MLIs. In MLI circuits, switching devices are the most vulnerable components and have a major involvement in all types of faults. As an outcome, it is necessary to take proper corrective action in the event of a fault.
  • 969
  • 20 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Irreversible Electroporation in Oncology
Locoregional therapies play an ever-increasing role in contemporary oncology. Researchers provide an up-to-date, informed analysis of locoregional therapies harnessing electric pulses. Irreversible electroporation (IRE), gene electrotransfer (GET), electrochemotherapy (ECT), calcium electroporation (Ca-EP), and tumour-treating fields (TTF) are integral to the therapeutic strategy in several solid tumours, ranging from skin cancers to visceral and bone metastases.
  • 968
  • 30 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Microgrid Energy Market
Electricity generation using distributed renewable energy systems is becoming increasingly common due to the significant increase in energy demand and the high operation of conventional power systems with fossil fuels. Microgrids are rapidly becoming attractive because they assist in reducing the load congestion on the traditional power system, have a less environmental impact, intensify the power generation capacity, are easy to install, offer localized generation to the consumers, and are highly efficient with increased reliability.
  • 967
  • 20 Apr 2023
Topic Review
Concept and Development of Ordered Charging
As the scale of electric vehicles continues to expand, the charging load of electric vehicles into the network has become an issue that cannot be ignored. The application architecture of ordered charging is summarized. 
  • 967
  • 12 May 2023
Topic Review
Indoor Localization
Indoor localization has become a paramount component across many fields, such as healthcare, security, and retail. These diverse applications require accurate and reliable indoor localization systems to optimize functionality and performance. Outdoor localization systems rely on GPS and Point of Interest (POI) data. POI data is used in many geospatial applications, providing semantic information for places of interest and has many geospatial applications. On the other hand, indoor systems demand specialized techniques that consider the unique characteristics of indoor environments, such as complex building structures, multiple floors, and potential signal interference. In response to these challenges, various approaches were developed to achieve precise geolocation within an indoor setting. These methods include multilateration, weighted centroid, and Grid-based RSS. 
  • 967
  • 28 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Data-Driven Methods in Power Grids
Applications of data-driven methods in power grids are motivated by the need to predict and mitigate intermittency in a (future) grid that is expected to lean heavily on renewables.
  • 965
  • 22 Jun 2022
Topic Review
Detection of Phase/Switch Open-Circuit Faults in Multiphase Drives
Phase open-circuit (OC) failures in multiphase electric ac drives involve OCs in stator phases or in converter-machine connections, and switch/diode OCs are frequently dealt with similarly or identically. Thanks to the phase redundancy of multiphase drives (with more than three phases), their operation can be satisfactorily continued under a certain number of OCs.  Phase/switch OC faults can be regarded as one of the most usual electrical failures in ac drives, and for this reason a significant number of works are focused on the diagnosis of this undesired incident. The detection of OC faults and the identification of the affected phases have typically been mandatory tasks in order to ensure a proper postfault reconfiguration. 
  • 962
  • 01 Apr 2022
Topic Review
Monitoring of Bone Health
Changing lifestyle and food habits are responsible for health problems, especially those related to bone in an aging population. Poor bone health has now become a serious matter of concern for many of us. In order to avoid serious consequences, the early prediction of symptoms and diagnosis of bone diseases have become the need of the hour. From this inspiration, the evolution of different bone health monitoring techniques and measurement methods practiced by researchers and healthcare companies has been discussed. This paper focuses on various types of bone diseases along with the modeling and remodeling phenomena of bones. The evolution of various diagnosis tests for bone health monitoring has been also discussed. Various types of bone turnover markers, their assessment techniques, and recent developments for the monitoring of biochemical markers to diagnose the bone conditions are highlighted. Then, the paper focuses on the potential assessment of the recent sensing techniques (physical sensors and biosensors) that are currently available for bone health monitoring. Considering the importance of electrochemical biosensors in terms of high sensitivity and reliability, specific attention has been given to the recent development of electrochemical biosensors and significance in real-time monitoring of bone health.
  • 961
  • 02 Nov 2020
Topic Review
Metamaterial-Based Absorptive Structures
Metamaterials are artificially-engineered synthetic materials having periodic arrangements of sub-wavelength metallic/dielectric structures or resonators. Metamaterials have demanded a lot of recognition, due to their exotic and unique attributes such as negative-refraction, microwave cloaking, absorption of the inverse Doppler effect, etc. After the investigation of the first ‘perfect meta-absorber’ proposed in 2008, metamaterial absorbers (MMAs) have drawn significant interest from the microwave and optics community. These MMAs have multifarious features compared with the conventional Salisbury absorbers, such as a low-profile and light weight. Moreover, they are thinner, more compact, and more efficient than conventional absorbers. They have many applications for wireless communication and other optical systems, including MIMO antenna isolation, EM interference reduction, stealth technology, and solar photovoltaics.
  • 961
  • 16 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Smart Grid Cybersecurity
Smart grids involves multiple stakeholders that includes consumers, electric utilities, grid operators, and third-party service providers. Due to involvement of multiple stakeholders, the management of the smart grid data specially from the smart meters becomes a daunting task. For enhanced security and privacy protection of smart meter,proposed framework that provide guidelines for integrating security and privacy across different domain.
  • 960
  • 03 Nov 2021
Topic Review
MEMS Bionic Fish Ear Structure
The sensor is fabricated using microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) technology, and is encapsulated in castor oil, which has an acoustic impedance close to the human body.
  • 955
  • 27 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Nationale Plattform Elektromobilität
The German National Platform for Electric Mobility ("Nationale Plattform Elektromobilität") is an advisory council of the German Federal Government for electric vehicle introduction. It consists of the top representatives of industry (10 Members), politics (6), science (3), associations (3) and unions (1). It was officially established on 3 May 2010 during a meeting with German chancellor Angela Merkel. Its task is to push on the National Development Plan for Electric Mobility ("Nationaler Entwicklungsplan Elektromobilität"). The goal for 2020 of the NPE is to develop Germany to the leading supplier and lead market for electric mobility and to gain an employment effect of 30,000 additional jobs.
  • 950
  • 26 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Hydrogels Used in Microbial Electrochemical Technologies
Hydrogel materials have been used extensively in microbial electrochemical technology (MET) and sensor development due to their high biocompatibility and low toxicity. With an increasing demand for sensors across different sectors, it is crucial to understand the current state within the sectors of hydrogel METs and sensors. 
  • 949
  • 19 Jan 2023
Topic Review
Networked Microgrids
The increasing impact of climate change and rising occurrences of natural disasters pose substantial threats to power systems. Strengthening resilience against these low-probability, high-impact events is crucial. The proposition of reconfiguring traditional power systems into advanced networked microgrids (NMGs) emerges as a promising solution.
  • 949
  • 08 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Application of Additional Conductive Layers
Polymer composites are at increasingly used as structural materials replacing metal alloys due to their high strength-to-weight ratio and corrosion resistance. The conductivity of epoxy resin, depending on its type, ranges from 10−17 to 10−12 S/cm, so it is classified as an insulator, i.e., a material with a conductivity below 10−12 S/cm, while carbon fiber is about 6 × 102 S/cm, which allows it to be classified as a semiconductor, i.e., a material whose conductivity is between 10−12 and 103 S/cm. The EP/CF composite, on the other hand, has a conductivity of about 10−4–10−2 S/cm, that is, it also classifies as a semiconductor. The methods to improve the conductivity have been categorized into three groups: modification of the matrix with conductive fillers, modification of the composite reinforcement, and addition of layers with increased electrical conductivity to the composite. 
  • 947
  • 19 Jul 2022
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