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Biography
Darrel Ray
Darrel Wayne Ray (born August 24, 1950) is a psychologist who has written several books on various topics. He is also a speaker, podcaster and atheist activist. He helped found the organization Recovering from Religion. Ray was raised a fundamentalist Christian in Wichita, Kansas, by parents who eventually became missionaries, and among family members highly involved in church life.[1] This f
  • 1.3K
  • 24 Nov 2022
Biography
Elliot Jager
Elliot Jager (born November 3, 1954) is an American-born Israeli journalist, political scientist, and author of The Pater: My Father, My Judaism, My Childlessness. He is a former editorial page editor of The Jerusalem Post and a former senior contributing editor at The Jerusalem Report. His book The Balfour Declaration Sixty-Seven Words – 100 Years of Conflict was published by Gefen in fall 20
  • 1.3K
  • 09 Dec 2022
Topic Review
AMPT
Alpha-methyl-p-tyrosine (AMPT) is a tyrosine hydroxylase enzyme inhibitor and is therefore a drug involved in inhibiting the catecholamine biosynthetic pathway. AMPT inhibits tyrosine hydroxylase whose enzymatic activity is normally regulated through the phosphorylation of different serine residues in regulatory domain sites. Catecholamine biosynthesis starts with dietary tyrosine, which is hydroxylated by tyrosine hydroxylase and it is hypothesized that AMPT competes with tyrosine at the tyrosine-binding site, causing inhibition of tyrosine hydroxylase. It has been used in the treatment of pheochromocytoma. It has been demonstrated to inhibit the production of melanin.
  • 1.3K
  • 25 Oct 2022
Biography
Yevgeny Zavoisky
Yevgeny Konstantinovich Zavoisky (Russian: Евгений Константинович Завойский; September 28, 1907 – October 9, 1976) was a Soviet physicist known for discovery of electron paramagnetic resonance in 1944.[1][2] He likely observed nuclear magnetic resonance in 1941, well before Felix Bloch and Edward Mills Purcell, but dismissed the results as not reproducible.[3][4]
  • 1.3K
  • 28 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Toothlessness
Toothlessness or edentulism is the condition of having no teeth. In organisms that naturally have teeth, it is the result of tooth loss. Organisms that never possessed teeth can also be described as edentulous, such as members of the former zoological classification order of Edentata, which included anteaters and sloths, all of which possess no anterior teeth and either no or poorly developed posterior teeth. In naturally dentate species, edentulism is more than just the simple presence or absence of teeth; it is biochemically complex, because the teeth, jaws, and oral mucosa are not static objects; they are dynamic (changing over time). Processes such as bone remodeling (loss and gain of bone tissue) in the jaws and inflammation of soft tissue in response to the oral microbiota are clinically important for edentulous people. For example, bone resorption in the jaw is frequently how the teeth were able to detach in the first place; the jaw in an edentulous area undergoes further resorption even after the teeth are gone; and insertion of dental implants can elicit new bone formation, leading to osseointegration. Meanwhile, bacteria and yeasts of the oral cavity and the immune system of their host create an immensely complicated and constantly changing interplay that presents clinically as gingivitis, caries, stomatitis, and other periodontal pathology.
  • 1.3K
  • 19 Oct 2022
Biography
Wolfgang Finkelnburg
Wolfgang Karl Ernst Finkelnburg (5 June 1905 – 7 November 1967)[1] was a German physicist who made contributions to spectroscopy, atomic physics, the structure of matter, and high-temperature arc discharges. His vice-presidency of the Deutsche Physikalische Gesellschaft 1941-1945, was influential in that organization’s ability to assert its independence from National Socialist policies. F
  • 1.3K
  • 15 Dec 2022
Biography
David M. Dennison
David Mathias Dennison (April 26, 1900[1] in Oberlin, Ohio – April 3, 1976) was an American physicist who made contributions to quantum mechanics, spectroscopy, and the physics of molecular structure.[2] In 1917, Dennison entered Swarthmore College, where he graduated in 1921. He then went to the University of Michigan, in Ann Arbor, for graduate studies in physics with Walter F. Colby and
  • 1.3K
  • 15 Dec 2022
Biography
Robert Herman
Robert Herman (August 29, 1914 – February 13, 1997) was an American scientist, best known for his work with Ralph Alpher in 1948-50, on estimating the temperature of cosmic microwave background radiation from the Big Bang explosion.[1] Born in the Bronx, New York City, Herman graduated cum laude with special honors in physics from the City College of New York in 1935, and in 1940 was awarde
  • 1.3K
  • 13 Dec 2022
Biography
Pierre Ramond
Pierre Ramond (/rəˈmɔːnd/;[1] born 31 January 1943 is distinguished professor of physics at University of Florida in Gainesville, Florida.[2] He initiated the development of superstring theory. Ramond completed his BSEE from Newark College of Engineering (now New Jersey Institute of Technology) in 1965 and completed his Ph.D. in physics from Syracuse University in 1969. He was a postdocto
  • 1.3K
  • 30 Dec 2022
Biography
Alexei Yuryevich Smirnov
Alexei Yuryevich Smirnov (Russian: Алексе́й Ю́рьевич Cмирно́в; born October 16, 1951) is a neutrino physics researcher and one of the discoverers of the MSW Effect. Alexei Smirnov graduated from MSU Faculty of Physics of Moscow State University in 1974. In 1977, he began to work at the Institute for Nuclear Research (INR) of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, where he
  • 1.3K
  • 26 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Obesity with Infertility
A high-fat diet and obesity, the development of which is encouraged by the western lifestyle, can significantly affect male fertility. An inappropriate diet may be directly related to the increase of oxidative stress, but also contribute to the development of obesity, which is associated with the deterioration of fertility, both in terms of generating oxidative stress as well as hormonal or immunological disorders. In obese individuals, disorders on the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis are observed, as well as elevated oestrogen levels with simultaneous decrease of testosterone, LH and FSH hormone levels. Weight loss in obese men seems to be the first, and the most basic step in the treatment of male infertility.
  • 1.3K
  • 30 Oct 2020
Biography
Heinrich Friedrich Weber
Heinrich Friedrich Weber (/ˈveɪbər/;[1] German: [ˈveːbɐ]; 7 November 1843 – 24 May 1912) was a physicist born in the town of Magdala, near Weimar. Around 1861 he entered the University of Jena, where Ernst Abbe became the first of two physicists who decisively influenced his career (Weiss 1912, pp. 44–45). Weber soon discovered, however, that he lacked sufficient mathematical talen
  • 1.3K
  • 07 Dec 2022
Biography
Edgeworth David
Sir Tannatt William Edgeworth David KBE CMG DSO FRS (28 January 1858 – 28 August 1934) was a Welsh Australian geologist and Antarctic explorer. A household name in his lifetime, David's most significant achievements were discovering the major Hunter Valley coalfield in New South Wales and leading the first expedition to reach the South Magnetic Pole. He also served with distinction in World W
  • 1.3K
  • 25 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Circulating Exosome Cargoes Contain Functionally Diverse Cancer Biomarkers
The indolent nature of some cancers makes early detection challenging, as such significant effort is placed on identifying circulating cancer biomarkers using minimally invasive, highly sensitive diagnostic assays. Biological fluids contain small extracellular vesicles including exosomes, which have many tissue origins. Cancer cells increase production and release of exosomes in the circulation to deliver biologically active compounds that can reprogram recipient cells, which potentially represent a valuable source of biomarkers.
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  • 28 Jul 2022
Biography
Enzo Paoletti
Enzo Paoletti (May 22, 1943 – January 17, 2018) was an Italian-American virologist who developed the technology to express foreign antigens in vaccinia and other poxviruses. This advance led to the development of vaccines against multiple disease-causing pathogens. Enzo Paoletti was born in Monti di Villa, Bagni di Lucca, Lucca, Italy on May 22, 1943. He emigrated with his family to New Yor
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  • 13 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Cryptogenic Organizing Pneumonia
Cryptogenic organizing pneumonia (COP), formerly known as bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia (BOOP), is an inflammation of the bronchioles (bronchiolitis) and surrounding tissue in the lungs. It is a form of idiopathic interstitial pneumonia. It is often a complication of an existing chronic inflammatory disease such as rheumatoid arthritis, dermatomyositis, or it can be a side effect of certain medications such as amiodarone. COP was first described by Gary Epler in 1985. The clinical features and radiological imaging resemble infectious pneumonia. However, diagnosis is suspected after there is no response to multiple antibiotics, and blood and sputum cultures are negative for organisms.
  • 1.3K
  • 25 Oct 2022
Biography
Wilhelm Runge
Wilhelm Tolmé Runge (June 10, 1895 – June 9, 1987) was an electrical engineer and physicist who had a major involvement in developing radar systems in Germany. Wilhelm Runge was born and raised in Hannover, where his father, Carl Runge, was a well-known professor of mathematics at the Technische Hochschule Hannover (now remembered chiefly as the co-eponym of the Runge–Kutta method). W
  • 1.3K
  • 08 Dec 2022
Biography
Rochus Eugen Vogt
Rochus Eugen (Robbie) Vogt (born December 21, 1929 in Neckarelz, Germany) is a German-American physicist, famous as the director and principal investigator of the LIGO project from 1987 to 1994.[1] Vogt studied from 1950 to 1952 at the University of Karlsruhe and from 1952 to 1953 at Heidelberg University. In 1953 he came to the United States. At the University of Chicago he graduated in phys
  • 1.3K
  • 20 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Saghatheriidae
Hyraxes (from grc ὕραξ (húrax) 'shrewmouse'), also called dassies, are small, thickset, herbivorous mammals in the order Hyracoidea. Hyraxes are well-furred, rotund animals with short tails. Typically, they measure between 30 and 70 cm (12 and 28 in) long and weigh between 2 and 5 kg (4 and 11 lb). They are superficially similar to pikas and marmots, but are more closely related to elephants and sea cows. Hyraxes have a life span from 9 to 14 years. Five extant species are recognised: the rock hyrax (Procavia capensis) and the yellow-spotted rock hyrax (Heterohyrax brucei), which both live on rock outcrops, including cliffs in Ethiopia and isolated granite outcrops called koppies in southern Africa; the western tree hyrax (Dendrohyrax dorsalis), southern tree hyrax (D. arboreus), and eastern tree hyrax (D. validus). Their distribution is limited to Africa, except for P. capensis, which is also found in the Middle East.
  • 1.3K
  • 02 Nov 2022
Biography
Ammar Bouhouche
Ammar Bouhouche[1] was born on December 17, 1938 in Al-Ancer (El-milia, Jijel), Algeria. He was member of the National Liberation Army, and later the National Liberation Front. Bouhouche is known for his nationalist activism in the Middle East and United States supporting the Algerian Revolution against French colonisation and oppression. First Algerian holder of a Ph.D. in political science,
  • 1.3K
  • 29 Dec 2022
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