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Topic Review
Lignans in Disorders Related to Oxidative Stress/Inflammation
Plant lignans exhibit a wide range of biological activities, which makes them the research objects of potential use as therapeutic agents. They provide diverse naturally-occurring pharmacophores and are available for production by chemical synthesis. A large amount of accumulated data indicates that lignans of different structural groups are apt to demonstrate both anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, in many cases, simultaneously.
  • 1.4K
  • 01 Jun 2022
Topic Review Peer Reviewed
Human Power Production and Energy Harvesting
This entry presents a holistic examination of the problem of harvesting energy from the human body. With the advent of the industrial revolution, in modern times, there is less and less need for physical human work; at the same time, motion is essential for health. Thus, sports and physical leisure activities have seen a dramatic increase in popularity. Until several decades ago, energy consumption was not an issue, at least in developed countries, but in recent years, it has become more and more evident that energy resources are finite and that there are limits to how much anthropic pressure the environment can sustain; one evident outcome is global warming. The repurposing of human energy also has psychological benefits, making people socially responsible and transforming otherwise wasted potential into a rewarding activity. Thus, on a small scale, over time, it has become evident that re-using and saving energy are vital. Humans can produce a large amount of energy through physical work, but over the past few decades, technologies have been developed to store and reuse energy that would otherwise be wasted. Some interesting applications and a critical review of the problem, which is linked to human metabolism and sport, are presented.
  • 1.4K
  • 08 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Kynurenine Pathway
Tryptophan metabolism plays an essential role in human health. In mammals, about 95% of dietary tryptophan is metabolized through the kynurenine pathway, which is associated with the development of several pathologies, including neurodegeneration. Some of the kynurenine pathway metabolites are agonists of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor involved in metabolic functions, inflammation, and carcinogenesis. 
  • 1.4K
  • 30 Nov 2023
Biography
Ebenezer Laing
Ebenezer Laing, (28 June 1931 – 19 April 2015) was a Ghanaian botanist and plant geneticist who served as the Pro-Vice Chancellor of the University of Ghana, Legon.[1][2][3] He was a professor at the University of Ghana, Legon, and later an emeritus professor.[1] Laing, together with his university and faculty colleague, George C. Clerk (1931–2019), was one of the first Ghanaian academics to
  • 1.4K
  • 30 Dec 2022
Topic Review
AMPT
Alpha-methyl-p-tyrosine (AMPT) is a tyrosine hydroxylase enzyme inhibitor and is therefore a drug involved in inhibiting the catecholamine biosynthetic pathway. AMPT inhibits tyrosine hydroxylase whose enzymatic activity is normally regulated through the phosphorylation of different serine residues in regulatory domain sites. Catecholamine biosynthesis starts with dietary tyrosine, which is hydroxylated by tyrosine hydroxylase and it is hypothesized that AMPT competes with tyrosine at the tyrosine-binding site, causing inhibition of tyrosine hydroxylase. It has been used in the treatment of pheochromocytoma. It has been demonstrated to inhibit the production of melanin.
  • 1.4K
  • 25 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Chaenocephalus Aceratus
Chaenocephalus aceratus, commonly known as the blackfin icefish or the Scotia Sea icefish, is a species of crocodile icefish belonging to the family Channichthyidae. The blackfin icefish belongs to Notothenioidei, a suborder of fishes that accounts for 90% of the fish fauna on the Antarctic continental shelf. Icefishes, also called white-blooded fishes, are a unique family in that they are the only known vertebrates to lack haemoglobin, making their blood oxygen carrying capacity just 10% that of other teleosts. Icefishes have translucent blood and creamy white gills.
  • 1.3K
  • 14 Nov 2022
Biography
Darrel Ray
Darrel Wayne Ray (born August 24, 1950) is a psychologist who has written several books on various topics. He is also a speaker, podcaster and atheist activist. He helped found the organization Recovering from Religion. Ray was raised a fundamentalist Christian in Wichita, Kansas, by parents who eventually became missionaries, and among family members highly involved in church life.[1] This f
  • 1.3K
  • 24 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Cryptogenic Organizing Pneumonia
Cryptogenic organizing pneumonia (COP), formerly known as bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia (BOOP), is an inflammation of the bronchioles (bronchiolitis) and surrounding tissue in the lungs. It is a form of idiopathic interstitial pneumonia. It is often a complication of an existing chronic inflammatory disease such as rheumatoid arthritis, dermatomyositis, or it can be a side effect of certain medications such as amiodarone. COP was first described by Gary Epler in 1985. The clinical features and radiological imaging resemble infectious pneumonia. However, diagnosis is suspected after there is no response to multiple antibiotics, and blood and sputum cultures are negative for organisms.
  • 1.3K
  • 25 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Saghatheriidae
Hyraxes (from grc ὕραξ (húrax) 'shrewmouse'), also called dassies, are small, thickset, herbivorous mammals in the order Hyracoidea. Hyraxes are well-furred, rotund animals with short tails. Typically, they measure between 30 and 70 cm (12 and 28 in) long and weigh between 2 and 5 kg (4 and 11 lb). They are superficially similar to pikas and marmots, but are more closely related to elephants and sea cows. Hyraxes have a life span from 9 to 14 years. Five extant species are recognised: the rock hyrax (Procavia capensis) and the yellow-spotted rock hyrax (Heterohyrax brucei), which both live on rock outcrops, including cliffs in Ethiopia and isolated granite outcrops called koppies in southern Africa; the western tree hyrax (Dendrohyrax dorsalis), southern tree hyrax (D. arboreus), and eastern tree hyrax (D. validus). Their distribution is limited to Africa, except for P. capensis, which is also found in the Middle East.
  • 1.3K
  • 02 Nov 2022
Biography
Elliot Jager
Elliot Jager (born November 3, 1954) is an American-born Israeli journalist, political scientist, and author of The Pater: My Father, My Judaism, My Childlessness. He is a former editorial page editor of The Jerusalem Post and a former senior contributing editor at The Jerusalem Report. His book The Balfour Declaration Sixty-Seven Words – 100 Years of Conflict was published by Gefen in fall 20
  • 1.3K
  • 09 Dec 2022
Biography
David M. Dennison
David Mathias Dennison (April 26, 1900[1] in Oberlin, Ohio – April 3, 1976) was an American physicist who made contributions to quantum mechanics, spectroscopy, and the physics of molecular structure.[2] In 1917, Dennison entered Swarthmore College, where he graduated in 1921. He then went to the University of Michigan, in Ann Arbor, for graduate studies in physics with Walter F. Colby and
  • 1.3K
  • 15 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Toothlessness
Toothlessness or edentulism is the condition of having no teeth. In organisms that naturally have teeth, it is the result of tooth loss. Organisms that never possessed teeth can also be described as edentulous, such as members of the former zoological classification order of Edentata, which included anteaters and sloths, all of which possess no anterior teeth and either no or poorly developed posterior teeth. In naturally dentate species, edentulism is more than just the simple presence or absence of teeth; it is biochemically complex, because the teeth, jaws, and oral mucosa are not static objects; they are dynamic (changing over time). Processes such as bone remodeling (loss and gain of bone tissue) in the jaws and inflammation of soft tissue in response to the oral microbiota are clinically important for edentulous people. For example, bone resorption in the jaw is frequently how the teeth were able to detach in the first place; the jaw in an edentulous area undergoes further resorption even after the teeth are gone; and insertion of dental implants can elicit new bone formation, leading to osseointegration. Meanwhile, bacteria and yeasts of the oral cavity and the immune system of their host create an immensely complicated and constantly changing interplay that presents clinically as gingivitis, caries, stomatitis, and other periodontal pathology.
  • 1.3K
  • 19 Oct 2022
Biography
Heinrich Friedrich Weber
Heinrich Friedrich Weber (/ˈveɪbər/;[1] German: [ˈveːbɐ]; 7 November 1843 – 24 May 1912) was a physicist born in the town of Magdala, near Weimar. Around 1861 he entered the University of Jena, where Ernst Abbe became the first of two physicists who decisively influenced his career (Weiss 1912, pp. 44–45). Weber soon discovered, however, that he lacked sufficient mathematical talen
  • 1.3K
  • 07 Dec 2022
Biography
Julius Sumner Miller
Julius Sumner Miller (May 17, 1909 – April 14, 1987) was an United States physicist and television personality.[1] He is best known for his work on children's television programs in North America and Australia. Julius Sumner Miller was born in Billerica, Massachusetts, as the youngest of nine children. His father was Latvian, and his Lithuanian mother spoke 12 languages.[2][3] Miller grad
  • 1.3K
  • 28 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Snorkeling Mask
During the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic, industries and academic institutes have col-laborated to resolve the worldwide medical supply shortage issues. Innovative designs of 3D-printed items were proposed and developed by the maker community as a temporary solution to address the lack of personal protective equipment. An overview of global ongoing and past ini-tiatives during the COVID-19 pandemic along with their challenges on retrofitting full-face snor-keling masks for healthcare applications such as splash-proof face shields, respirator masks and non-invasive ventilation systems are reported in this contribution. 
  • 1.3K
  • 02 Mar 2021
Topic Review
Marine Peptides in Prostate Cancer
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the leading cause of cancer death in men, and its treatment is commonly associated with severe adverse effects. Anticancer peptides are less toxic to normal cells and provide an efficacious treatment approach via multiple mechanisms, including altered cell viability, apoptosis, cell migration/invasion, suppression of angiogenesis and microtubule balance disturbances. 
  • 1.3K
  • 29 Jul 2022
Biography
Edgeworth David
Sir Tannatt William Edgeworth David KBE CMG DSO FRS (28 January 1858 – 28 August 1934) was a Welsh Australian geologist and Antarctic explorer. A household name in his lifetime, David's most significant achievements were discovering the major Hunter Valley coalfield in New South Wales and leading the first expedition to reach the South Magnetic Pole. He also served with distinction in World W
  • 1.3K
  • 25 Nov 2022
Biography
Robert Herman
Robert Herman (August 29, 1914 – February 13, 1997) was an American scientist, best known for his work with Ralph Alpher in 1948-50, on estimating the temperature of cosmic microwave background radiation from the Big Bang explosion.[1] Born in the Bronx, New York City, Herman graduated cum laude with special honors in physics from the City College of New York in 1935, and in 1940 was awarde
  • 1.3K
  • 13 Dec 2022
Biography
François Arago
Dominique François Jean Arago (Catalan: Domènec Francesc Joan Aragó), known simply as François Arago (French: [fʁɑ̃swa aʁaɡo]; Catalan: Francesc Aragó, IPA: [fɾənˈsɛsk əɾəˈɣo]; 26 February 1786 – 2 October 1853), was a French mathematician, physicist, astronomer, freemason,[1] supporter of the Carbonari revolutionaries[2] and politician. Arago was born at Estagel, a s
  • 1.3K
  • 30 Nov 2022
Biography
Pierre Ramond
Pierre Ramond (/rəˈmɔːnd/;[1] born 31 January 1943 is distinguished professor of physics at University of Florida in Gainesville, Florida.[2] He initiated the development of superstring theory. Ramond completed his BSEE from Newark College of Engineering (now New Jersey Institute of Technology) in 1965 and completed his Ph.D. in physics from Syracuse University in 1969. He was a postdocto
  • 1.3K
  • 30 Dec 2022
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