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Topic Review
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in India
Although diabetes mellitus during pregnancy (DIP) causes hyperglycemia in pregnancy (HIP), it is gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) that remains the major cause of HIP. DIP, either antedating or detected during pregnancy, is the more hazardous form of HIP, producing severe hyperglycemia early in pregnancy, which persists postpartum; on the other hand, GDM causes mild hyperglycemia late in pregnancy, which usually disappears after delivery. As normal pregnancy advances, it causes insulin resistance. 
  • 807
  • 10 Dec 2021
Topic Review
The Mediterranean Diet
A cornerstone of any healthy lifestyle program is the inclusion of a balanced diet that can prevent various diseases, including cardiovascular conditions. The Mediterranean diet (MD) has become one of the most studied and widely reported diets and has received a lot of attention. The MD is a dietary plan based on Crete’s traditional eating habits. 
  • 806
  • 25 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Plasma Renin Concentration in Critically Ill COVID-19 Patients
Plasma renin concentration as a marker of organ perfusion in several intensive care settings have shown a significant correlation between its increase and a lack of perfusion in critical tissues, especially in septic patients.
  • 802
  • 04 Nov 2021
Topic Review
E-Health Literacy Research Focuses and Trends
With the rapid development of Internet technology, an increasing number of people are using networks to communicate and search for information in their lives and work. Because of the abundance of health information resources available on the Internet and the ease with which it can be accessed, people are gradually shifting away from traditional health information sources (such as newspapers, periodicals, and doctors’ offices) and toward the Internet.
  • 800
  • 17 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Predictors of Major Depressive Disorder in Older People
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is one of the most common mental disorders in older people. There are several biological, psychological, and social factors associated with this disorder.
  • 799
  • 01 Dec 2021
Topic Review
Extraintestinal Pathogenic Escherichia coli
Multiple-antibiotic-resistant (MAR) extra-intestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli (ExPEC) represents one of the most frequent causes of human nosocomial and community-acquired infections, whose eradication is of major concern for clinicians. ExPECs may inhabit indefinitely as commensal the gut of humans and other animals; from the intestine, they may move to colonize other tissues, where they are responsible for a number of diseases, including recurrent and uncomplicated UTIs, sepsis and neonatal meningitis. In the pre-antibiotic era, heavy metals were largely used as chemotherapeutics and/or as antimicrobials in human and animal healthcare. As with antibiotics, the global incidence of heavy metal tolerance in commensal, as well as in ExPEC, has increased following the ban in several countries of antibiotics as promoters of animal growth. Furthermore, it is believed that extensive bacterial exposure to heavy metals present in soil and water might have favored the increase in heavy-metal-tolerant microorganisms. The isolation of ExPEC strains with combined resistance to both antibiotics and heavy metals has become quite common and, remarkably, it has been shown that heavy metal resistance genes may co-select antibiotic-resistance genes. 
  • 799
  • 19 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Reminiscence Therapy
Reminiscence therapy (RT) consists of thinking about one’s own experiences through the presentation of memory-facilitating stimuli, and it has as its fundamental axis the activation of emotions. An innovative way of offering RT involves the use of technology-assisted applications, which must also satisfy the needs of the user.
  • 798
  • 20 May 2022
Topic Review
Knowledge Extraction for Health Management from Online Communities
Knowledge extraction from rich text in online health communities can supplement and improve the existing knowledge base, supporting evidence-based medicine and clinical decision making. The extracted time series health management data of users can help users with similar conditions when managing their health.
  • 798
  • 23 Dec 2022
Topic Review
VISTA, PDL-L1, and BRAF—Markers in Prognosis of Melanoma
Melanoma is currently known as one of the most aggressive malignant tumors. T cell Activation (VISTA) is a novel target that is considered to be highly important in determining the invasive potential and treatment response of a melanoma. Programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) is a marker with whose importance has been revealed in multiple types of malignancies.
  • 795
  • 29 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Outpatient Antibiotic Use in Canadian Provinces
Antimicrobials are among the most prescribed medications in Canada, with over 90% of antibiotics prescribed in outpatient settings. Seniors prescribed antimicrobials are particularly vulnerable to adverse drug events and antimicrobial resistance. The extent of inappropriate antibiotic prescribing in outpatient Canadian medical practice, and the potential long-term trends in this practice, are unknown.
  • 794
  • 23 Dec 2021
Topic Review
Fathers in the Care of Children with Disabilities
The sharing of caregiving tasks impacts significantly on parents’ lives, it also takes away time and opportunities, and sometimes health and quality of life.
  • 794
  • 05 Jan 2022
Topic Review
COVID-19 and Adolescents’ Sexual/Reproductive Health in Low-/Middle-Income Countries
There are various aspects of adolescents’ sexual and reproductive health that were highly impacted due to the COVID-19 pandemic. These include limited access to sexual and reproductive health services, including access to contraceptives, menstrual products, and medications for HIV treatment; increased rates of early marriage due to school closures and a lack of support from school management; a rise in intimate partner and sexual violence; disruptions in maternity care; and increased involvement of adolescents in risky or exploitative work.
  • 793
  • 25 Feb 2022
Topic Review
Bacillus Calmette–Guérin Vaccine against Mycobacterium leprae Infections
Bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG) is a vaccine made from attenuated strains of M. bovis, a close relative of M. tuberculosis, and is routinely used in countries where tuberculosis (TB) is hyper-endemic. Mycobacterium leprae is a non-motile, acid-fast bacillus from the mycobacterium family. M. leprae is a non-culturable, obligate intracellular pathogen that causes a chronic granulomatous infection characterized predominantly by peripheral nerve damage and prominent skin lesions known as Leprosy or Hansen’s disease.
  • 793
  • 11 Mar 2022
Topic Review
COVID-19 Vaccine Uptake among Healthcare Workers
The vaccine-induced immunity of healthcare workers (HCWs) is crucial to controlling the COVID-19 pandemic. The overall prevalence of COVID-19 vaccine uptake was 83.6% and 77.4% for physicians and nurses, respectively. Older age, white race, physicians’ profession, seasonal influenza vaccine, direct COVID-19 patient care, and confidence in COVID-19 vaccine safety and effectiveness were positive predictors of vaccine uptake, while history of SARS-CoV-2 infection was a negative predictor. Deep understanding of the factors that influence HCWs’ decisions to receive a COVID-19 vaccine is critical to implementing tailored communication strategies for HCWs who are at risk for not getting vaccinated. 
  • 793
  • 08 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Pathological Mechanisms of Mitochondria in Brain Disease
Mitochondria play a vital role in maintaining cellular energy homeostasis, regulating apoptosis, and controlling redox signaling. Dysfunction of mitochondria has been implicated in the pathogenesis of various brain diseases, including neurodegenerative disorders, stroke, and psychiatric illnesses.
  • 792
  • 24 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Cancer Stem Cells in Anti-Cancer Therapy
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) have been identified and characterized in both hematopoietic and solid tumors. Many studies showed that CSCs can be identified and isolated by their expression of specific cell markers, such as ALDH, Nanog, Sox2, OCT3/4. The significance of CSCs with respect to tumor biology and anti-cancer treatment lies in their ability to maintain quiescence with very slow proliferation, indefinite self-renewal, differentiation, and trans-differentiation such as epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) and its reverse process mesenchymal–epithelial transition (MET). The ability for detachment, migration, extra- and intravasation, invasion and thereby of completing all necessary steps of the metastatic cascade highlights their significance for metastasis. In addition, CSCs comprise the cancer cell populations responsible for tumor growth and cancer metastasis, resistance to anticancer therapies.
  • 791
  • 17 May 2023
Topic Review
Taxonomy for Skeleton-GNN-Based Human Action Recognition
Human action recognition has been applied in many fields, such as video surveillance and human computer interaction, where it helps to improve performance. Connecting the skeleton joints as in the physical appearance can naturally generate a graph. A new taxonomy for skeleton-GNN-based methods is proposed according to current designs, and the merits and demerits are analyzed.
  • 790
  • 14 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Falsified Medicines Directive in European Union
The Falsified Medicines Directive (FMD) and the Delegated Regulation (DR) impact the pharmaceutical supply chain. The European Union published the Falsified Medicines Directive, introducing a safety feature on the packages of drugs, ensuring the verification of a drug’s authenticity before supplying it to the patient. The details of implementing a Europe-wide system for authentication of medicines is included in the Delegated Regulation, published in February 2016. The deadline for DR implementation was 9 February 2019, with the authentication systems required to be operational and running before this deadline. The FMD impacts the entire pharmaceutical supply chain.
  • 790
  • 24 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Application for Food Plan Management Alzheimer Patients
Alzheimer’s disease is a type of dementia that affects many individuals, mainly in an older age group. Over time, it leads to other diseases that affect their autonomy and independence. The quality of food ingestion is a way to mitigate the disease and preserve the patient’s well-being, which substantially impacts their health.
  • 788
  • 15 May 2023
Topic Review
Management of Rheumatoid Arthritis
Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune condition characterized by symptoms of inflammation and pain in the joints. RA is estimated to have a worldwide prevalence of 0.5–1%, with a predominance in females. 
  • 786
  • 22 Oct 2021
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