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Topic Review
Renewable Energies and Desalination
Desalination is a widely applied technology that is used to remove the salinity from brackish water, seawater, or wastewater to make it usable for domestic and industrial use. Desalination technologies are mainly categorized as conventional and advanced technologies, commonly known as thermal desalination and membrane-based desalination, respectively. The thermal desalination process includes different methods such as multi-effect distillation (MED), multistage flash distillation (MSF), and vapor compression distillation (VCD). Renewable energy refers to energy sources that are replenished naturally and can be used indefinitely.
  • 319
  • 16 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Use of Biofuels and (Bio)lubricants in Compression-Ignition Engines
The environmental sustainability of agricultural and industrial vehicles, as well as of the transportation sector, represents one of the most critical challenges to the sustainable development of a nation. In recent decades, compression-ignition engines have been widely used in on-road and off-road vehicles due to their better fuel economy, autonomy, compactness, and mechanical performance (spec. the high torque values). Due to the consistent environmental impact of fossil fuels, scientists are searching for alternative energy sources while preserving the beneficial features of diesel engines. The utilization of blends of diesel fuel, biodiesel, and bioethanol fuel (referred to as “ternary blends”) is among the most promising solutions for replacing fossil fuels in the near term, allowing, at the same time, us to continue using existing vehicles until new technologies are developed, consolidated and adapted to the agricultural and industrial sector. These ternary blends can lower exhaust emissions without creating major problems for existing fuel-feeding systems, typically designed for low-viscosity fossil fuels. One of the concerns in using liquid biofuels, specifically biodiesel, is the high chemical affinity with conventional and bio-based lubricants, so the main parameters of lubricants can vary significantly after a long operation of the engine. The technical challenges and the main research pathways are presented herein.
  • 318
  • 18 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Degradation Modes for Safety Operation in Lithium Batteries
The degradation and safety study of lithium-ion batteries is becoming increasingly important given that these batteries are widely used not only in electronic devices but also in automotive vehicles. Consequently, the detection of degradation modes that could lead to safety alerts is essential. Existing methodologies are diverse, experimental based, model based, and the new trends of artificial intelligence.
  • 314
  • 02 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Noble Nanofluids and Their Hybrids for Heat Transfer
The novel class of fluids known by nanofluids is composed of colloidal suspensions of solid nanoparticles dispersed in a base fluid. When the solid nanoparticles are made of noble metals they can be named as noble metals nanofluids or noble nanofluids for short.
  • 312
  • 07 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Hydrogen Energy Eco-System
Climate change primarily caused by the greenhouse gases emitted as a result of the consumption of carbon-based fossil fuels is considered one of the biggest challenges that humanity has ever faced. Moreover, the Ukrainian crisis in 2022 has complicated the global energy and food status quo more than ever. The permanency of this multifaceted fragility implies the need for increased efforts to have energy independence and requires long-term solutions without fossil fuels through the use of clean, zero-carbon renewables energies. Hydrogen technologies have a strong potential to emerge as an energy eco-system in its production-storage-distribution-utilization stages, with its synergistic integration with solar-wind-hydraulic-nuclear and other zero-carbon, clean renewable energy resources, and with the existing energy infrastructure.
  • 311
  • 27 Apr 2023
Topic Review
Hydrogen Fuel for Future Mobility
Hydrogen fuel for sustainable mobility has its own effectiveness in terms of its generation and refueling processes. As the fuel requirement of vehicles cannot be anticipated because it depends on its utilization, choosing hydrogen refueling and onboard generation can be a point of major concern.
  • 311
  • 07 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Fostering Sustainable LNG Bunkering Operations
Liquefied natural gas (LNG) is a liquid form of natural gas, predominantly composed of methane, that has emerged as a promising alternative to traditional hydrocarbon fuels in the maritime transportation sector due to its lower greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions.
  • 310
  • 06 May 2023
Topic Review
Navigating the Critical Landscape of Today’s Energy Challenges
Today’s energy challenges are multifaceted. The green transition involves concrete actions related to increasing energy efficiency, replacing fossil fuels with alternative fuels, producing energy using renewable resources, creating various means of transport that use electric motors, identifying technical solutions that generate an increased energy yield in the case of buildings, and waste reduction, reuse and recycling. In order to attain a climate-neutral environment, it is mandatory to impose regulations, measures and actions to help decarbonize the energy sector. Concretely, the transition to climate neutrality will generate obvious advantages at an economic, social and technological level, for example, the opportunity for economic growth, new business models and new markets, and the generation of new jobs or technological development.
  • 310
  • 19 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Triboelectric Nanogenerator Network for Harvesting Ocean Blue Energy
The utilization of abundant blue energy in the ocean could greatly contribute to achieving carbon neutrality. However, the unsolved economic and technical challenges of traditional technologies for harvesting blue energy have resulted in slow progress. Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs), as a new approach for converting mechanical energy into electricity, have great potential for blue energy harvesting, which can be connected as networks with different numbers of units for varying scales of energy harvesting. Anchoring strategies of devices and networks are also discussed. The development of TENG networks could provide an effective solution for large-scale ocean blue energy harvesting, which can also serve as an in-situ energy station or power source for self-powered systems, supporting various marine equipment and activities.
  • 310
  • 23 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Mechanism of Photovoltaic Potential Induced Degradation
Photovoltaic (PV) technology plays a crucial role in the transition towards a low-carbon energy system, but the potential-induced degradation (PID) phenomenon can significantly impact the performance and lifespan of PV modules. PID occurs when a high voltage potential difference exists between the module and ground, leading to ion migration and the formation of conductive paths. This results in reduced power output and poses a challenge for PV systems. 
  • 309
  • 16 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Energy Supply System Modeling Tools
The fulfillment of the sustainable development goals of the United Nations (UN) in remote communities undoubtedly goes through the consequent development of the energy supply system (ESS). Structuring a procedure for modeling the ESS, according to development requirements, is vital for decision making.
  • 307
  • 20 Apr 2022
Topic Review
Technical–Operational Characteristics of Charcoal Production Systems
The global charcoal trade is steadily growing, with high-income countries importing significant quantities of this material from regions where its production is often associated with severe environmental issues, including forest overexploitation, illegal logging, and environmental pollution. Promoting local charcoal production in high-income countries is crucial to addressing these challenges.
  • 305
  • 29 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Short-Term Electricity Demand Forecasting
Electricity demand forecasting plays a significant role in energy markets. Accurate prediction of electricity demand is the key factor in optimizing power generation and consumption, saving energy resources, and determining energy prices. Integrating energy mix scenarios, including solar and wind power, which are highly nonlinear and seasonal, into an existing grid increases the uncertainty of generation, creating additional challenges for precise forecasting. Artificial Intelligence (AI)-based deep learning models can effectively handle the information of long time-series data. Based on patterns identified in datasets, various scenarios can be developed.
  • 304
  • 14 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Intelligent Micro-Cogeneration Systems for Residential Grids
Historical residential grid data were analysed to develop a machine learning-based demand prediction model for electricity and hot water. Thermal energy storage was integrated into the Micro-cogeneration system to enhance flexibility. An optimization model was created, considering efficiency, emissions, and cost while adapting to real-time demand changes. A control strategy was designed for the flexible operation of the Micro-cogeneration system, addressing excess thermal energy storage and resource allocation. The proposed solution’s effectiveness was validated through simulations, with results demonstrating the Micro-cogeneration system’s ability to efficiently address high electricity and hot water demand periods while mitigating power demand failures from renewable energy sources.
  • 299
  • 14 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Electric Powertrain Sizing for Motorcycles
As part of the intergovernmental and public interventions to reduce carbon dioxide emissions, there are no existing regulations to ban the sale of petrol motorcycles (PM), but it is expected that motorcycle regulations will follow car regulations with several years of delay. There is an emerging trend in motorcycle uptake, which will lead to new development projects with existing brands, and new brands, and will clearly increase the need for development tools that satisfies design challenges specific to electric motorcycles (EM) and electric powertrains.
  • 292
  • 24 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Potential and Barriers of Energy Efficiency Improvement
The published literature demonstrates the apparently great potential for improvement in the energy efficiency for all sectors of the economy, including passenger transport and household energy use. Some researchers have even claimed that many energy efficiency improvements will pay for themselves, i.e., have negative cost. 
  • 290
  • 21 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Advanced Supercritical CO2 Thermodynamic Power Cycles
CO2 is a natural, non-toxic and non-flammable working fluid that possesses excellent thermophysical properties, including higher density, latent heat, specific heat, thermal conductivity and volumetric cooling capacity, along with lower viscosity.
  • 285
  • 04 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Policy and Situation of Renewable Energy in China
China has made significant progress in developing renewable energy, but challenges in integrating variable sources like wind, solar, and hydro power persist. Existing research has a regional focus and lacks a comprehensive understanding of integration challenges in specific regions. Moreover, research concentrates on individual energy types rather than multiple sources.
  • 282
  • 20 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Real-Time Photovoltaic Prediction Systems
Photovoltaic power forecasting is an important problem for renewable energy integration in the grid. The most used forecasting methods are machine learning and deep learning based, especially artificial neural networks.
  • 278
  • 06 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Nanocontainers for Energy Storage and Conversion Applications
Countries that do not have oil and natural gas but are forced to reduce pollution due to combustion have stimulated and developed new technologies for absorption, storage, and energy creation based on nanotechnology. These new technologies are up-and-coming because they will solve the problem without additional environmental burden. 
  • 275
  • 07 Sep 2023
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