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Topic Review
Particle-Bound Mercury Characterization
Particulate Bound Hg (PBM) consists of all airborne particulate containing Hg, including both stable condensed and gaseous forms adsorbed on atmospheric particulate matter (PM); it is operationally sampled and quantified by pulling air through a glass fiber or a quartz filter. PBM usually includes all those particles with a diameter <2.5 μm, even if its characterization depends on the pore size of the filter used for its collection. The accurate dimensional characterization is then essential to estimate the dry deposition of PBM, as well as any other particulate pollutant; the particles diameters directly influence gravitational sedimentation and the PBM residence time in the atmosphere. In addition, PBM chemical speciation, as well as for the other Hg forms, is fundamental to understand PBM bioavailability and therefore the effects on human .
  • 1.2K
  • 05 Jul 2021
Topic Review
Community Occupational Therapy Interventions
Evaluate the level of scientific evidence for the effectiveness of Community Occupational Therapy interventions is necessary.
  • 1.1K
  • 06 Apr 2021
Topic Review
Sting-Related Deaths in Europe (1994–2016)
Bees and wasps provide an important service to ecosystems, contributing to the improvement of biodiversity while helping to maintain ecological balance. Although not frequent, hornet, wasp, and bee stings may be life-threatening. With each sting, Hymenopterans inject a small amount of venom that can cause reactions of varying intensity: (i) normal local reactions (NLR), (ii) large local reactions (LLR), (iii) systemic anaphylactic reactions (SAR), (iv) systemic toxic reactions (STR) and (v) unusual reactions (UR).  Hymenopteran stings have recently become a worldwide public health concern. However, this health problem can be underestimated despite the number of cases presented. With the expansion of non-native Hymenopteran species across Europe, allergists should be aware that their community’s exposures are continually changing.
  • 1.1K
  • 28 Feb 2022
Topic Review
Hypothermia Caused by Earthquakes
Natural disasters can destroy all personal belongings and infrastructure and can deprive humans of the possibility of protecting themselves from harsh environments. One consequence may be death from accidental hypothermia.
  • 1.1K
  • 11 Mar 2022
Topic Review
The Impact of Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals in Male Fertility
Any compound or mixture of compounds, which interferes with any aspect of the endocrine system is classified as an endocrine-disrupting chemical (EDC). There is increasing evidence that male infertility is associated with the widespread exposure to EDCs, and in particular to obesogens. These compounds interfere with hormones involved in the regulation of metabolism and are associated with weight gain, being also able to change the functioning of the male reproductive axis and, consequently, the testicular physiology and metabolism that are pivotal for spermatogenesis. The disruption of these tightly regulated metabolic pathways leads to adverse reproductive outcomes. The permanent exposure to obesogens has raised serious health concerns. Evidence suggests that obesogens are one of the leading causes of the marked decline of male fertility and key players in shaping the future health outcomes not only for those who are directly exposed but also for upcoming generations. In addition to the changes that lead to inefficient functioning of the male gametes, obesogens induce alterations that are “imprinted” on the genes of the male gametes, establishing a link between generations and contributing to the transmission of defects.
  • 1.1K
  • 29 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Wastewater Fecal Pollution Management
Global water scarcity has led to significant dependence on reclaimed or recycled water for potable uses. Effluents arising from human and animal gut microbiomes highly influence water quality. Wastewater pollution is, therefore, frequently monitored using bacterial indicators (BI).
  • 1.1K
  • 16 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Fresh Produce with Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria
Fresh produce, when consumed raw, can be a source of exposure to antimicrobial residues, antimicrobial-resistant bacteria (ARB) and antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) of clinical importance. The most commonly observed ARB were E. coli (42.5%) followed by Klebsiella spp. (22.5%), and Salmonella spp. (20%), mainly detected on lettuce.
  • 1.1K
  • 22 Feb 2022
Topic Review
Structural Violence and Health-Related Outcomes
In recent years, there has been a revival of the term “structural violence (SV)” which was coined by Johan Galtung in the 1960s in the context of Peace Studies. “Structural violence” refers to social structures—economic, legal, political, religious, and cultural—that prevent individuals, groups and societies from reaching their full potential. In the European context, very few studies have investigated health and well-being using an SV perspective.
  • 1.1K
  • 13 Aug 2021
Topic Review
Opportunistic Premise Plumbing Pathogens
Opportunistic premise plumbing pathogens (OPPP) are microorganisms that are native to the plumbing environment and that present an emerging infectious disease problem. They share characteristics, such as disinfectant resistance, thermal tolerance, and biofilm formation. The colonisation of domestic water systems presents an elevated health risk for immune-compromised individuals who receive healthcare at home.
  • 1.1K
  • 29 Apr 2022
Topic Review
Rise of Antimicrobial Resistance
The term “antibiotics” refers to the substances naturally produced by microorganisms such as actinomycetes, bacteria or fungi, which can inhibit the growth of other microorganisms and destroy their cells. Antibiotics were once considered the magic bullet for all human infections. The term “antimicrobial resistance” (AMR) is used to describe the ability of bacteria and other microorganisms to resist the adverse effects of an antimicrobial to which they were formerly susceptible.
  • 1.1K
  • 03 Jan 2023
Topic Review
Indoor Air Quality in Elderly Centers
The elderly segment of the population is more vulnerable to adverse environmental conditions. Indoor air quality is one of the most relevant health determinant, especially for elders resident in Care Centers because elders spend most time indoors. The recent COVID-19 pandemic contributed greately to raise awareness on the importance of breathing safe air without biological and physical-chemical contaminants. The heath effects on elders of the main pollutants are discussed in this topic.
  • 1.1K
  • 15 Jul 2022
Topic Review
Applications of High Performance Liquid Chromatography with Fluorescence
Steroids are compounds widely available in nature and synthesized for therapeutic and medical purposes. Steroids can be found in various environmental samples, including water, plant, and animal samples as well as in a variety of pharmaceutical forms. Due its sensitivity and selectivity, high performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection (HPLC-FLD) is widely used for detection of steroids in pharmaceutical and environmental samples.
  • 1.1K
  • 11 Apr 2022
Topic Review
Glyphosate in Food
Glyphosate is a systemic, broad-spectrum and post-emergent herbicide. The use of glyphosate has grown in the last decades, and it is currently the most used herbicide worldwide. The rise of glyphosate consumption over the years also brought an increased concern about its possible toxicity and consequences for human health. 
  • 1.1K
  • 19 Nov 2021
Topic Review
Coriander Plants and Human Emotions
Coriander or Coriandrum sativum (C. sativum), a member of the Apiaceae family, is a popular herb with versatile applications. The seeds and leaves are widely used for culinary and seasoning. The seeds and fruits are often used for cooking meat. As honey plant, coriander is highly attractive to honeybee workers. Additionally, coriander has been used in many traditional medicines, and its medicinal values has been widely recognized. Coriander extracts have a wide range of biological benefits including neuroprotective, anxiolytic, hypnotic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and so on.
  • 1.0K
  • 19 Apr 2022
Topic Review
Earthquake-Triggered Respiratory Infectious Diseases
Earthquakes are among the most impressive natural phenomena with very high potential to set off a chain of effects that significantly affects public health. Related disasters are attributed not only to the strong ground motion and coseismic phenomena but also to secondary effects, comprising mainly landslides and tsunamis, among others. All these can create harsh conditions favorable for the emergence of infectious diseases.
  • 1.0K
  • 14 Feb 2023
Topic Review
Burnout
Maslach et al. initially conceptualized burnout as a psychological state encompassing exhaustion, depersonalization (or cynicism), and a reduced sense of professional efficacy. However, Schaufeli et al. recently proposed an improved definition of burnout, as a syndrome reflecting: “a work-related state of exhaustion that occurs among employees, which is characterized by extreme tiredness, reduced ability to regulate cognitive and emotional processes, and mental distancing” (p. 4). This new definition excludes the professional efficacy component, which has been empirically found to be distinct from burnout. More generally, burnout seems to be primarily characterized by a state of work-related exhaustion and is generally acknowledged by researchers, clinicians, and the public as a pervasive occupational difficulty. However, and despite this widespread recognition, longstanding debates remain within the scientific community regarding the appropriateness of classifying burnout as its own pathological entity. 
  • 1.0K
  • 24 Apr 2022
Topic Review
Industrial Animal Farming and COVID-19
The threat of zoonoses (i.e., human infectious diseases transmitted from animals) because of industrial animal farming may be receiving less attention in society due to the putative wildlife origin of COVID-19. To identify societal responses to COVID-19 that do address or affect the risk of future zoonoses associated with industrial animal farming, the literature was screened for measures, actions, proposals and attitudes following the guidelines of a scoping review. Forty-one articles with relevant information published between 1 January 2020 and 30 April 2021 were identified directly or indirectly via bibliographies from 138 records retrieved via Google Scholar. Analysis of relevant content revealed ten fields of policy action amongst which biosecurity and change in dietary habits were the dominant topics. Further search for more relevant records within each field of policy action retrieved another 8 articles. Identified responses were furthermore classified and evaluated according to groups of societal actors, implying different modes of regulation and governance. Based on the results, a suggested policy strategy is presented for moving away from food production in factory farms and supporting sustainable farming, involving the introduction of a tax on the demand side and subsidies for the development and production of alternative meat.
  • 1.0K
  • 31 Aug 2021
Topic Review
Leisure Noise and Hearing Loss
High sound levels capable of permanently damaging the ear are experienced not only in factories and war zones but in concert halls, nightclubs, sports stadiums, and many other leisure environments. This review summarizes evidence that loud music and other forms of “leisure noise” are common causes of noise-induced hearing loss, tinnitus, and hyperacusis, even if audiometric thresholds initially remain within clinically normal limits. Given the huge global burden of preventable noise-induced hearing loss, noise limits should be adopted in a much broader range of settings, and education to promote hearing conservation should be a higher public health priority.
  • 1.0K
  • 27 Apr 2021
Topic Review
Nutrition and Supplementation in Ulcerative Colitis
Wrzodziejące zapalenie jelita grubego (UC) należy do grupy nieswoistych zapaleń jelit (IBD). WZJG jest nieuleczalnym, rozlanym i przewlekłym procesem zapalnym błony śluzowej okrężnicy z naprzemiennymi okresami zaostrzenia i remisji. 
  • 999
  • 30 Jun 2022
Topic Review
Congo Red Toxicity towards Different Living Organism
Congo-red (CR) is an azo dye with the molecular formula of C32H22N6Na2O6S2 and molecular weight = 696.68 g mol−1. Paul Bottinger discovered CR as the first direct dye in 1884. It is an anionic di-azo dye (contains two groups -N=N-) composed of a sodium salt of benzidinediazo-bis-1-naphthylamine-4-sulfonic acid, known by common names such as CR 4B, C.I. 22120, Cotton red B, Cotton red C, Direct red 28, Cosmos red, Direct red Y, and Direct red R.
  • 999
  • 15 Mar 2023
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