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Topic Review
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Attention-deficit Hyperactivity Disorder is one of the most common childhood mental health disorders, affecting about 5.6% of the population worldwide.
  • 608
  • 15 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Smoking and Neuropsychiatric Disease
Smoking may increase the risk of various neuropsychiatric diseases, such as dementia/cognitive decline, schizophrenia/psychosis, depression, anxiety disorder, and suicidal behavior induced by structural and functional alterations of the central nervous system, mainly centered on inflammatory and oxidative stress pathways.
  • 599
  • 13 Aug 2021
Topic Review
MDMA-Based Psychotherapy in Treatment-Resistant Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a debilitating mental health disorder that causes significant dysfunction in individuals.
  • 595
  • 10 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Psychological/Social Recovery after ACL
Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) rupture is a common injury in young athletes. To restore knee stability and function, patients often undergo ACL reconstruction (ACLR). In addition to restoration of functional strength and stability, psychological and social factors play an important role in the recovery and overall outcome of ACL injuries in the pediatric population. Factors such as psychological readiness to return-to-play (RTP), motivation, mood disturbance, locus of control, recovery expectations, fear of reinjury, and self-esteem are correlated to the RTP potential of the young athlete. A better understanding of these concepts may help to maximize young patients’ outcomes after ACL reconstruction.
  • 590
  • 26 Oct 2021
Topic Review
Bremelanotide
Bremelanotide is a melanocortin receptor agonist which non-selectively activates melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R), melanocortin 2 receptor (MC2R), melanocortin 3 receptor (MC3R), melanocortin 4 receptor (MC4R), and melanocortin 5 receptor (MC5R) receptors.
  • 581
  • 17 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Physical Exercise for Mental Health
Regarding the benefits of physical exercise on cognitive functions, we can say that most of the considered sample have greater precision and speed of response in information processing tasks; children have an improvement in executive functions, selective attention, linguistic understanding, and a wider lexical network, syntactic and spelling skills, working memory, cognitive flexibility, inhibition control and school performance.
  • 580
  • 29 Dec 2021
Topic Review
Telepsychotherapy and Eating Disorders in Adolescents
Telemedicine is the provision of health services, where distance is a critical factor, by all health professionals who use information and communication technologies for the exchange of valid information for the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of diseases, research and evaluation, and for the continuous training of health professionals, all in the interest of advancing the health of individuals and their communities.
  • 578
  • 07 Dec 2021
Topic Review
ADHD-Gaming Disorder Comorbidity in Children and Adolescents
Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a neurobiological condition characterized by developmentally inadequate levels of inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity, and a neurobiological disruption in brain neurotransmitters and circuitry causing abnormal responses to rewards. Playing electronic games generates a biological response that activates the neuronal circuits linked to pleasure and reward, and there is a growing attention to this type of activity, which can also turn into a mental health condition. With the recognition of ‘Internet Gaming Disorder’ (IGD) as a condition belonging to the broader area of addiction requiring more in-depth study with respect to the DSM-5, while ‘Gaming Disorder’ (GD) was officially recognized as a new diagnosis by the World Health Organization (WHO) in the updated revision of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11).
  • 574
  • 18 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Maintenance of Clinical Burnout
Burnout is common in many countries and is associated with several other problems such as depression, anxiety, insomnia and memory deficits, and prospectively it predicts long-term sick-leave, cardiovascular disease, and death. Clinical burnout syndrome means a general incapacity to cope with demands at home and at work. Clinical burnout or its residual symptoms often last several years and a common assumption is that recovery takes a long time by nature, despite full time sick-leave and the absence of work stress. The literature suggests models that hypothetically explain the development, but not maintenance, of the syndrome.
  • 551
  • 26 Apr 2021
Topic Review
Time-Out with Young Children
Time-out is a component of many evidence-based parent training programmes for the treatment of childhood conduct problems. Existing comprehensive reviews suggest that time-out is both safe and effective when used predictably, infrequently, calmly and as one component of a collection of parenting strategies—i.e., when utilised in the manner advocated by most parent training programmes. However, this research evidence has been largely oriented towards the academic community and is often in conflict with the widespread misinformation about time-out within communities of parents, and within groups of treatment practitioners. This dissonance has the potential to undermine the dissemination and implementation of an effective suite of treatments for common and disabling childhood conditions. The parent-practitioner relationship is integral to the success of Parent-Child Interaction Therapy (PCIT), an evidence-based treatment which involves live coaching of parent(s) with their young child(ren). Yet this relationship, and practitioner perspectives, attitudes and values as they relate to time-out, are often overlooked. This practitioner review explores the dynamics of the parent-practitioner relationship as they apply to the teaching and coaching of time-out to parents. It also acknowledges factors within the clinical setting that impact on time-out’s use, such as the views of administrators and professional colleagues. The paper is oriented toward practitioners of PCIT but is of relevance to all providers of parent training interventions for young children.
  • 534
  • 11 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Acute Onset Disaster
Acute onset disasters impact children’s and adolescents’ psychological well-being, often leading to mental health challenges. The way a young person copes with the event plays a significant role in development of post-disaster psychopathology. Coping has been widely studied after acute onset disasters, however, difficulties conducting research in post-disaster contexts and the individualized nature of coping make accurate assessment of coping a significant challenge.
  • 514
  • 19 May 2021
Topic Review
Mitigating the Detrimental Effects of Harsh Parenting
Based on the conservation of resources theory, researchers investigated the mediating role of depressive symptoms and the moderating role of mindfulness in the association between harsh parenting and adolescent suicidal ideation in the Chinese cultural context. 
  • 497
  • 31 Aug 2022
Topic Review Video
Plant-Derived Extracellular Vesicles for Next-Generation Drug Delivery
Plant cells release tiny membranous vesicles called extracellular vesicles (EVs), which are rich in lipids, proteins, nucleic acids, and pharmacologically active compounds. These plant-derived EVs (PDEVs) are safe and easily extractable and have been shown to have therapeutic effects against inflammation, cancer, bacteria, and aging. They have shown promise in preventing or treating colitis, cancer, alcoholic liver disease, and even COVID-19. PDEVs can also be used as natural carriers for small-molecule drugs and nucleic acids through various administration routes such as oral, transdermal, or injection. The unique advantages of PDEVs make them highly competitive in clinical applications and preventive healthcare products in the future.
  • 492
  • 31 May 2023
Topic Review
CBT-E for Age-Transition Eating Disorders
Many people with eating disorders transit from child and adolescent to adult clinical services. This transition often creates a gap in regular treatment and interruption of the therapeutic relationship with negative consequences. The change in the nature of the treatment often disorients patients and their parents. All-age eating disorder clinical services is a potential solution to address these challenges and enhanced cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT-E) is one of the major candidates among the individual psychological treatments to be the treatment of choice in all-age eating disorder services.
  • 483
  • 17 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Neuropsychiatry and Endometriosis
Endometriosis is a chronic inflammatory condition, which is distinguished by the presence of the endometrial-like glands and stroma outside the uterine cavity. Women with endometriosis, especially those with pelvic pain, also have a greater vulnerability to several psychiatric disorders. There is, in particular, a tendency to contract affective or anxiety disorders as well as panic-agoraphobic and substance use disorders. A multidisciplinary approach consisting of a medical team composed of gynecologists, psychologists, psychiatrists, expert in Dual Disorder, algologists and sexologists, would guarantee the setting of a target and taking the best decision on a personalized treatment plan. 
  • 474
  • 10 May 2021
Topic Review
AI Agent Model for Extrinsic Emotion Regulation
Emotion regulation is the human ability to modulate one’s or other emotions to maintain emotional well-being. Despite its importance, only a few computational models have been proposed for facilitating emotion regulation. To address this gap, a computational model for intelligent agents has been proposed for facilitating emotion regulation in individuals. This model is grounded in a multidimensional emotion representation and on J. Gross’s theoretical framework of emotion regulation. In this apporach, an intelligent agent selects the most appropriate regulation strategies to reach or maintain an individual’s emotional equilibrium considering the individual’s personality traits and specific characteristics.
  • 467
  • 11 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Antipsychotic Use in Pregnancy
Pregnant women constitute a vulnerable population, with 25.3% of pregnant women classified as suffering from a psychiatric disorder. Since childbearing age typically aligns with the onset of mental health disorders, it is of utmost importance to consider the effects that antipsychotic drugs have on pregnant women and their developing fetus. However, the induction of pharmacological treatment during pregnancy may pose significant risks to the developing fetus. Antipsychotics are typically introduced when the nonpharmacologic approaches fail to produce desired effects or when the risks outweigh the benefits from continuing without treatment or the risks from exposing the fetus to medication. Early studies of pregnant women with schizophrenia showed an increase in perinatal malformations and deaths among their newborns. Similar to schizophrenia, women with bipolar disorder have an increased risk of relapse in antepartum and postpartum periods.
  • 462
  • 24 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Basic Symptoms of Schizophrenia
Basic symptoms of schizophrenia are subjective symptoms, described as experienced from a person's perspective, which show evidence of underlying psychopathology. Basic symptoms have generally been applied to the assessment of people who may be at risk to develop psychosis. Though basic symptoms are often disturbing for the person, problems generally do not become evident to others until the person is no longer able to cope with their basic symptoms. Basic symptoms are more specific to identifying people who exhibit signs of prodromal psychosis (prodrome) and are more likely to develop schizophrenia over other disorders related to psychosis. Schizophrenia is a psychotic disorder, but is not synonymous with psychosis. In the prodrome to psychosis, uncharacteristic basic symptoms develop first, followed by more characteristic basic symptoms and brief and self-limited psychotic-like symptoms, and finally the onset of psychosis. People who were assessed to be high risk according to the basic symptoms criteria have a 48.5% likelihood of progressing to psychosis. In 2015, the European Psychiatric Association issued guidance recommending the use of a subscale of basic symptoms, called the Cognitive Disturbances scale (COGDIS), in the assessment of psychosis risk in help-seeking psychiatric patients; in a meta-analysis, COGDIS was shown to be as predictive of transition to psychosis as the Ultra High Risk (UHR) criteria up to 2 years after assessment, and significantly more predictive thereafter. The basic symptoms measured by COGDIS, as well as those measured by another subscale, the Cognitive-Perceptive basic symptoms scale (COPER), are predictive of transition to schizophrenia.
  • 443
  • 08 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Neuropsychological Insights into Coping Strategies
Coping strategies, the cognitive and behavioral responses to stress, were first systematically described by Lazarus and Folkman. Early psychoanalytic work established the foundation for this concept, which was later refined by empirical studies by theorists such as Pearlin and others. Lazarus articulated coping as a dynamic transaction involving cognitive, behavioral, and emotional adjustments to stress. Folkman extended this by introducing meaning-focused coping to complement the problem- and emotion-focused paradigms.
  • 390
  • 08 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Neural Network Applications in Psychotherapy
Psychotherapy is a component of the therapeutic options accessible in mental health. Along with psychotherapy techniques and indications, there is a body of studies on what are known as psychotherapy’s common factors. However, up to 40% of patients do not respond to therapy. Artificial intelligence approaches are hoped to enhance this and with the growing body of evidence of the use of neural networks (NNs) in other areas of medicine, this domain is lacking in the field of psychotherapy. 
  • 386
  • 05 Dec 2023
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