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Topic Review
Wavelet Threshold Denoising Algorithm
The denoising performance is affected by several factors, including wavelet basis function, decomposition level, thresholding method, and the threshold selection criteria. Traditional threshold selection rules rely on statistical and empirical variables, which influence their performance in noise reduction under various conditions. 
  • 557
  • 06 Jul 2022
Topic Review
Federated Learning Algorithms for IoT
Federated Learning (FL) is a state-of-the-art technique used to build machine learning (ML) models based on distributed data sets. It enables In-Edge AI, preserves data locality, protects user data, and allows ownership. These characteristics of FL make it a suitable choice for IoT networks due to its intrinsic distributed infrastructure. However, FL presents a few unique challenges; the most noteworthy is training over largely heterogeneous data samples on IoT devices. The heterogeneity of devices and models in the complex IoT networks greatly influences the FL training process and makes traditional FL unsuitable to be directly deployed, while many recent research works claim to mitigate the negative impact of heterogeneity in FL networks, unfortunately, the effectiveness of these proposed solutions has never been studied and quantified.
  • 556
  • 27 May 2022
Topic Review
Diabetic Foot with Exercise Therapy
Diabetic foot (DF) is a long-term diabetes complication that can increase morbidity and mortality in addition to affecting mobility and the overall well-being of patients. In particular, the DF has a complex multifactorial pathogenesis that makes it difficult to prevent and treat. In this sense, it is well known that the prevention and treatment of DF disease requires a multidisciplinary approach. Physical activity has always been considered a potential pillar in the prevention of DFD. More recently, it has been reported, that physical activity can contribute in the wound healing phase. Unfortunately, to date, there is no clear and definitive evidence on the role that protocols of physical activity can play in the treatment of patients at risk or with DFD. In order to pursue this objective, it is important to standardize exercise training protocols for the prevention or treatment of these patients. Moreover, it is now possible to organize innovative methods of conducting, monitoring and analysing physical activity performed by patients, even remotely.
  • 556
  • 29 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Enhanced Perception for Autonomous Driving Using Semantic-Geometric Fusion
Environment perception remains one of the key tasks in autonomous driving for which solutions have yet to reach maturity. Multi-modal approaches benefit from the complementary physical properties specific to each sensor technology used, boosting overall performance. The presented 360∘ enhanced perception component is based on low-level fusion between geometry provided by the LiDAR-based 3D point clouds and semantic scene information obtained from multiple RGB cameras, of multiple types. This multi-modal, multi-sensor scheme enables better range coverage, improved detection and classification quality with increased robustness. Semantic, instance and panoptic segmentations of 2D data are computed using efficient deep-learning-based algorithms, while 3D point clouds are segmented using a fast, traditional voxel-based solution. 
  • 554
  • 01 Aug 2022
Topic Review
Gastrointestinal Tract Disorders
Globally, gastrointestinal (GI) tract diseases are on the rise. If left untreated, people may die from these diseases. Early discovery and categorization of these diseases can reduce the severity of the disease and save lives. Automated procedures are necessary, since manual detection and categorization are laborious, time-consuming, and prone to mistakes.
  • 554
  • 21 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Universal Functions Originator
Universal Functions Originator, or just UFO, is a new multi-purpose machine learning (ML) computing system that explains everything as pure mathematical equations. These expressions could be simple or highly complicated linear/nonlinear equations. Although the purpose of this technique is similar to that of classical symbolic regression (SR) algorithms, UFO works differently and it has its own mechanism, search space, and building strategy. For example, in UFO, each equation term (of intercepts, weights, exponents, arithmetic operators, and analytic functions) has its own search space and cannot be mixed with others. Also, UFO can be executed by any optimization algorithm, while SR algorithms require some special tree-based optimization algorithms; like genetic programming (GP).
  • 552
  • 24 Oct 2022
Topic Review
SAA-UNet
The disaster of the COVID-19 pandemic has claimed numerous lives and wreaked havoc on the entire world due to its transmissible nature. One of the complications of COVID-19 is pneumonia. Different radiography methods, particularly computed tomography (CT), have shown outstanding performance in effectively diagnosing pneumonia.
  • 552
  • 05 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Sustainability, Digital Technologies and the Circular Economy
The textile and clothing (T&C) industry is not usually viewed as an exemplar of sustainable development and the circular economy (CE), as the industry has hitherto developed its products in a linear fashion, with relatively little recycling of the finished goods. 
  • 551
  • 03 Jul 2023
Topic Review
IoT and Sustainable Smart Cities
The Internet of Things (IoT) is an emerging technology and provides connectivity with the physical world using the support of 5G communication. In recent decades, there have been a lot of applications based on IoT technology for the sustainability of smart cities, such as farming, e-healthcare, education, smart homes, weather monitoring, etc. These applications communicate in a collaborative manner between embedded IoT devices and systematize daily routine tasks. However, it is observed that transmission system in constraint oriented network is still a burning research issue in smart cities. Also, there is an existence of a lot of malicious machines that can damage sustainable services of smart cities and compromised the connected devices. Thus, proposing an efficient solution using a 5G system is a demanding task for a smart environment that efficiently utilizes the communication resources and securing the data over insecure routes.
  • 550
  • 27 Aug 2021
Topic Review
Fashion Recommendation System Using Deep Learning
Recommender systems are one of the great improvements in Internet technology and e-commerce, and the origins of modern recommender systems date back to the early 1990s when they were mainly applied experimentally to personal email and information filtering. Later, recommender systems went through numerous improvements to facilitate users’ navigation through fashion, videos, books, papers, and especially e-commerce.
  • 550
  • 22 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Green Space Quality Analysis Using Machine Learning Approaches
Green space is any green infrastructure consisting of vegetation. Green space is linked with improving mental and physical health, providing opportunities for social interactions and physical activities, and aiding the environment. The quality of green space refers to the condition of the green space.
  • 549
  • 22 May 2023
Topic Review
Designing for Hybrid Intelligence
A taxonomy and survey of crowd-machine interaction is proposed. Specifically, this summary aims to provide a glimpse into the unique characteristics of artificial intelligence (AI)-powered crowdsourcing by characterizing its uses, limitations, and prospects when seen from a socio-technical perspective grounded on hybrid machine-crowd interaction. To this end, a scoping review of the existing literature was performed  in order to frame the relevant aspects of this particular form of hybrid intelligence in light of the progress reported in prior research when considering human-algorithmic arrangements at a massive scale. From understanding the role of crowd-AI ethicality to the analysis of the spatio-temporal characteristics of crowd activity and the behavioral traces left by crowd workers as a way of improving performance outcomes and user experience (UX) design.
  • 547
  • 01 Mar 2023
Topic Review
Ion-Movement-Based Synaptic Device for Brain-Inspired Computing
As the amount of data has grown exponentially with the advent of artificial intelligence and the Internet of Things, computing systems with high energy efficiency, high scalability, and high processing speed are urgently required. Unlike traditional digital computing, which suffers from the von Neumann bottleneck, brain-inspired computing can provide efficient, parallel, and low-power computation based on analog changes in synaptic connections between neurons. Synapse nodes in brain-inspired computing have been typically implemented with dozens of silicon transistors, which is an energy-intensive and non-scalable approach. Ion-movement-based synaptic devices for brain-inspired computing have attracted increasing attention for mimicking the performance of the biological synapse in the human brain due to their low area and low energy costs.
  • 545
  • 27 May 2022
Topic Review
Methods for Melanoma and Nonmelanoma Skin Cancers Classification
Skin cancer is considered a dangerous type of cancer with a high global mortality rate. Manual skin cancer diagnosis is a challenging and time-consuming method due to the complexity of the disease. In the field of transfer learning and federated learning, there are several new algorithms and techniques for classifying melanoma and nonmelanoma skin cancer.
  • 545
  • 19 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Development in Vision-Based On-Road Behaviors Understanding
On-road behavior analysis is a crucial and challenging problem in the autonomous driving vision-based area. Several endeavors have been proposed to deal with different related tasks and it has gained wide attention recently. Much of the excitement about on-road behavior understanding has been the labor of advancement witnessed in the fields of computer vision, machine, and deep learning. Remarkable achievements have been made in the Road Behavior Understanding area over the last years.
  • 544
  • 18 Apr 2022
Topic Review
Real-Time Vehicle Detection Based on YOLOv5
An improved YOLOv5 model is used to detect vehicles in aerial images, which effectively enhances the detection performance of tiny objects and obscured vehicles.
  • 543
  • 30 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Hierarchical Clustering Algorithms
In the field of data mining, clustering has shown to be an important technique. Hierarchical clustering algorithms are a type of clustering algorithm where data items will be divided into sections in a hierarchical form. To create a dendrogram that shows the formulated cluster’s hierarchical structure, in a top-down or bottom-up way clusters are created iteratively. 
  • 542
  • 15 May 2023
Topic Review
Human–Autonomous Taxis Interactions
With the increasing deployment of autonomous taxis in different cities around the world, recent studies have stressed the importance of developing new methods, models and tools for intuitive human–autonomous taxis interactions (HATIs). Street hailing is one example, where passengers would hail an autonomous taxi by simply waving a hand, exactly like they do for manned taxis.
  • 541
  • 30 May 2023
Topic Review
DIBR Distortion Mask Prediction Using Synthetic Images
Deep learning-based image quality enhancement models have been proposed to improve the perceptual quality of distorted synthesized views impaired by compression and the Depth Image-Based Rendering (DIBR) process in a multi-view video system. Due to the lack of Multi-view Video plus Depth (MVD) data, a deep learning-based model using more synthetic Synthesized View Images (SVI) is proposed, in which a random irregular polygon-based SVI synthesis method is proposed to simulate the DIBR distortion based on existing massive RGB/RGBD data. In addition, the DIBR distortion mask prediction network is embedded to further enhance the performance.
  • 540
  • 22 Nov 2022
Topic Review
PCB Defect Based on Improved YOLOv7
The printed circuit board (PCB) holds immense importance in the electronic industry as a crucial component for the development of electronic products. PCBs are becoming increasingly integrated and smaller due to the excellent craftsmanship, precise wiring, and rapid development of integrated circuits.
  • 540
  • 11 May 2023
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