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Topic Review
Biopesticide Encapsulation Using Supercritical CO2
As an alternative to synthetic pesticides, natural chemistries from living organisms, are not harmful to nontarget organisms and the environment, can be used as biopesticides, nontarget. However, to reduce the reactivity of active ingredients, avoid undesired reactions, protect from physical stress, and control or lower the release rate, encapsulation processes can be applied to biopesticides. The use of supercritical fluid technology (SFT), mainly carbon dioxide (CO2), to encapsulate biopesticides is highlighted, as they reduce the use of organic solvents, have simpler separation processes, and achieve high-purity particles. 
  • 1.6K
  • 27 Jul 2021
Topic Review
Nanotechnology for Precision Agriculture
By adopting nanotechnology-based precision agricultural practices, the farming community can reduce agrochemicals while maintaining high crop productivity, protecting soil and water health, and contributing to a cleaner environment.
  • 1.6K
  • 14 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Oils in Feed and Egg Quality
Eggs are a valuable source of protein and fat in the human diet. Due to continuous improvement in the production performance of laying hens, the requirements regarding the feed energy of laying hens are increasing. Oils, which are the main energy sources in feed, exert a substantial effect on the production performance and egg quality of laying hens.
  • 1.6K
  • 22 Dec 2021
Topic Review
Ring-tailed Mongoose
The Ring-tailed Mongoose (Galidia elegans) is a small carnivorous mammal native to Madagascar, recognized for its distinctive ringed tail and agile arboreal lifestyle. With a slender body and sharp claws, it navigates the dense forests of Madagascar with ease, preying on a variety of small animals including insects, reptiles, and small mammals. Despite its elusive nature, the Ring-tailed Mongoose plays a significant role in the island's ecosystem dynamics, contributing to predator-prey interactions and biodiversity maintenance.
  • 1.6K
  • 15 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Antarctic Fur Seal
The Antarctic Fur Seal, scientifically known as Arctocephalus gazella, is a charismatic marine mammal native to the subantarctic and Antarctic regions. Recognized for its dense fur coat, robust build, and distinctive facial features, this species is a top predator in its icy habitat. Antarctic Fur Seals play a vital role in marine ecosystems, influencing prey populations and contributing to the overall health of polar environments.
  • 1.6K
  • 15 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Galapagos Fur Seal
The Galapagos Fur Seal, scientifically known as Arctocephalus galapagoensis, is a marine mammal endemic to the Galapagos Islands. With its dense, dark brown fur and slender physique, this species is well-adapted to its coastal habitat. Despite its name, the Galapagos Fur Seal is not a true seal but rather belongs to the fur seal family, Otariidae, distinguishing it by its ability to rotate its hind flippers forward for efficient movement on land.
  • 1.6K
  • 15 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Side-striped Jackal
The Side-striped Jackal (Canis adustus) is a medium-sized carnivore native to sub-Saharan Africa. Identified by the distinct white stripe running along its flanks, this adaptable canid inhabits a variety of habitats, demonstrating omnivorous feeding habits and a complex social structure within its family groups.
  • 1.6K
  • 04 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Agronomic of Zinc on Yield
Phosphorus (P) and zinc (Zn) are essential plant nutrients and their deficiency in soils and antagonistic effect of P on Zn are the important concerns world-over. Thus, a two-year (2012-13 to 2013-14) experimentation was carried out to assess grain yield, nutrient uptake and quality parameters of wheat by various levels of P and Zn. The results revealed that 50% Recommended Dose of P (RDP) through phospho-enriched compost (PEC) + 50% RDP through fertiliser and soil application of 12.5 kg ZnSO4.7H2O ha-1 + one foliar spray of 0.5% ZnSO4.7H2O recorded significantly higher grain yield (4.81 and 4.61 t ha-1, respectively), straw yield (7.20 and 6.92 t ha-1, respectively) and protein content (11.5% and 11.3%, respectively). The concentrations of Zn in grain (35.6%) and straw (57.3%) was not affected due to organic P application but 100% P through P fertilizer reduced the Zn content in the grains. Both soil and foliar application of Zn was found more promising in increasing Zn and Fe concentration in grains (37.5 and 30.9 mg kg-1, respectively)  and straw (60.3 and 398 mg kg-1, respectively). Overall, the treatment combination of 50% RDP through PEC + 50% RDP through fertiliser and soil applied 12.5 kg ZnSO4.7H2O ha-1 + one spray of 0.5% Zn was beneficial in reducing antagonistic effect of P on Zn and increasing Zn and Fe concentration in wheat grain and, thus, could be used for improving the yield of Zn and Fe enriched wheat grains.
  • 1.6K
  • 29 Oct 2020
Topic Review
Neo-Tropical Rodent Meat
Non-domestic neo-tropical animals have tremendous potential as a source of meat for human consumption. Rodents such as the lappe (Agouti paca), agouti (Dasyprocta leporina), and the capybara (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris) have been identified as having great potential to be domesticated. These rodents have been used in rural villages by hunters as a source of meat protein.
  • 1.6K
  • 01 Dec 2020
Topic Review
Evapotranspiration
Accurate evapotranspiration (ET) estimation is important in understanding the hydrological cycle and improving water resource management. The operational simplified surface energy balance (SSEBop) model can be set up quickly for the routine monitoring of ET. Several studies have suggested that the SSEBop model that simulated ET has performed inconsistently across the United States. There are few detailed studies on the evaluation of ET simulated by SSEBop in other regions. To explore the potential and application scope of the SSEBop model, more evaluation of the ET simulated by SSEBop is clearly needed. We calculated the SSEBop model-based ET (ETSSEBopYRB) with the input of MOD11A2 and climate variables in the Yellow River Basin (YRB), China. We also compared the ETSSEBopYRB with eight coarse resolution ET products, including China ETMTE produced by the upscaling energy flux method, China ETCR generated by the nonlinear complementary relationship model, three global products based on the logic of Penman-Monteith (ETPMLv2, ETMODIS and ETBESS), two global ET products based on the surface energy balance (ETSEBS, ETSSEBopGlo), and integrated ET products based on the Bayesian model averaging method (ETGLASS), by the annual ET derived from the water balance method (WB-ET) in fourteen catchments. We found that ETSSEBopYRB and the other eight ET products were able to explain 23 to 52% variability in water balance ET of fourteen small catchments in YRB. ETSSEBopYRB has better agreement with WB-ET than ETSEBS, ETMODIS, ETCR and ETGLASS, with a lower RMSE (88.3 mm yr-1 vs 121.7 mm yr-1), higher R2 (0.49 VS 0.43) and lower absolute RPE (–3.3% VS –19.9%) during the years 2003–2015. We also found that the uncertainties of the spatial pattern of the average annual ET and the ET trend are still large in different ET products. Third, we found that the free global ET product derived from the SSEBop model (ETSSEBopGlo) highly underestimated the annual total ET trend of the YRB. Poor performance of the land surface temperature product of MOD11A2 in 2015 caused the large ETSSEBopYRB uncertainty at eight-day scale and monthly scale. Further evaluation of the ET based on the SSEBop model in site measurements is needed.
  • 1.6K
  • 14 Jan 2022
Topic Review
SDGs and Sweet Potato Cultivation
The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, including the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), will shape national development plans up to 2030. SDGs 1 (No Poverty), 2 (Zero Hunger) and 7 (Affordable and Clean Energy) are crucial for the poor, given they target the basic human needs for development and fundamental human rights. Most poor and malnourished people in developing countries live in rural areas and engage in farming as a key part of their livelihoods, with food and agriculture at the heart of their development concerns. Crops that can provide both food and energy without detrimental impacts on soil or water resources can be particularly beneficial for local development and smallholder farmers. Sweet potato, in particular, is attracting growing attention from researchers and policymakers as it has the potential to address these global problems in a sustainable way. 
  • 1.6K
  • 18 Jan 2021
Topic Review
Agricultural Soils
Globally, agricultural soils are being evaluated for their role in climate change regulation as a potential sink for atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) through sequestration of organic carbon as soil organic matter. Scientists and policy analysts increasingly seek to develop programs and policies which recognize the importance of mitigation of climate change and insurance of ecological sustainability when managing agricultural soils.
  • 1.6K
  • 09 Aug 2021
Topic Review
Hormones for Superovulation in Sheep
Superovulation is typically achieved using gonadotropic hormone preparations that promote the development of subordinate follicles in order to ovulate, or through inhibin immunization to eliminate the inhibitory mechanism of the dominant follicle. Various gonadotropic preparations (FSH and eCG) are widely applied to induce superovulation in sheep. Other hormones, such as horse anterior pituitary (HAP) extracts, human menopausal gonadotropin (hMG), gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) have also been applied, although less frequently, during sheep superovulation.
  • 1.6K
  • 21 Apr 2022
Topic Review
Bud derivatives for human health
The use of herbal food supplements, as a concentrate form of vegetable extracts, increased so much over the past years to count them among the relevant sources of dietetic polyphenols. Bud-derivatives are a category of botanicals perceived as a “new entry” in this sector since they are still poorly studied. Due to the lack of a manufacturing process specification, very different products can be found on the market in terms of their polyphenolic profile depending on the experimental conditions of manufacturing. In this research two different manufacturing processes, using two different protocols, and eight species (Carpinus betulus L., Cornus mas L., Ficus carica L., Fraxinus excelsior L., Larix decidua Mill., Pinus montana Mill., Quercus petraea (Matt.) Liebl., Tilia tomentosa Moench), commonly used to produce bud-derivatives, have been considered as a case study. An untargeted spectroscopic fingerprint of the extracts, coupled to chemometrics, provide to be a useful tool to identify these botanicals. The targeted phytochemical fingerprint by HPLC provided a screening of the main bud-derivatives polyphenolic classes highlighting a high variability depending on both method and protocol used. Nevertheless, ultrasonic extraction proved to be less sensitive to the different extraction protocols than conventional maceration regarding the extract polyphenolic profile.
  • 1.5K
  • 26 Oct 2020
Topic Review
European Map Butterfly Araschnia levana
The European map butterfly (Araschnia levana) looks different in spring and summer due to day length and temperature. If the butterfly’s caterpillars receive at least 16 h of light per day, the resulting butterfly hatches a few weeks later in summer with blackish wings (f. prorsa). However, if caterpillars receive less than 15.5 h of daylight, many overwinter as pupae. The imagos emerging in the following spring, have predominantly organge wings with black spots (f. levana). This whole process is guided by hormones and epigenetics.
  • 1.5K
  • 16 Apr 2021
Topic Review
Applications of Biochar
Considerable interest is being shown in using biochar production from waste biomass with a variety of disciplines to address the most pressing environmental challenges. Biochar produced by the thermal decomposition of biomass under oxygen-limited conditions is gaining popularity as a low-cost amendment for agro-ecosystems. The efficiency of biochar formation is affected by temperature, heating rate, feedstock type, particle size and reactor conditions. Properties such as pH, surface area and ash content of produced biochar increases with increasing temperatures. Biochar produced at lower heating rates may have high porosity and be beneficial for morphological changes in the soil. Biochar can help to enhance soil health and fertility as well as improve agricultural yield. As a result, biochar can assist in increasing food security by promoting sustainable agricultural systems and preserving an eco-friendly environment. Biochar is also widely being used as a sorbent for organic and inorganic pollutants, owing to its large surface area, allowing it to be immobilized from soil with ease. The functional groups and charges present on the surface of biochar play an important role in pollutants removal.
  • 1.5K
  • 03 Mar 2023
Topic Review
Green Biotechnology of Oyster Mushroom
The field of biotechnology presents us with a great chance to use many organisms, such as mushrooms, to find suitable solutions for issues that include the accumulation of agro-wastes in the environment. The green biotechnology of mushrooms (Pleurotus ostreatus L.) includes the myco-remediation of polluted soil and water as well as bio-fermentation. The circular economy approach could be effectively achieved by using oyster mushrooms (Pleurotus ostreatus L.), of which the substrate of their cultivation is considered as a vital source for producing biofertilizers, animal feeds, bioenergy, and bio-remediators. Spent mushroom substrate is also considered a crucial source for many applications, including the production of enzymes (e.g., manganese peroxidase, laccase, and lignin peroxidase) and bioethanol. The sustainable management of agro-industrial wastes (e.g., plant-based foods, animal-based foods, and non-food industries) could reduce, reuse and recycle using oyster mushrooms. 
  • 1.5K
  • 02 Apr 2022
Topic Review
Green Technologies Applied in Fruit and Vegetable Beverages
Green technologies can enhance nutraceutical content and/or availability, even after their incorporation into foods and beverages.
  • 1.5K
  • 26 Nov 2021
Topic Review
Food Waste and Sustainability Impact
Food losses in the agri-food sector have been estimated as representing between 30 and 80% of overall yield. The agro-food sector has a responsibility to work towards achieving FAO sustainable goals and global initiatives on responding to many issues, including climate pressures from changes we are experiencing globally. 
  • 1.5K
  • 06 Feb 2024
Topic Review
MiRNA-Encoded Peptide Discovery and Functions
microRNAs (MiRNAs) are small endogenous single-stranded RNAs (20 to 22 nucleotides) that are involved in post-transcriptional gene silencing in eukaryotes. They allow the downregulation of target genes by specifically triggering the degradation of their messenger RNAs (mRNAs) or by inhibiting their translation. Most plant species have several hundred annotated miRNA genes. miRNA primary transcripts were recently shown to contain functional short Open Reading Frames producing regulatory peptides called miRNA-encoded Peptides (miPEPs).
  • 1.5K
  • 13 Feb 2023
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