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Topic Review
Biomedical Effects of Cinnamon
Cinnamon, appreciated for centuries for its peculiar flavor and aroma, is the dried brown colored inner bark of an evergreen tree of the laurel family. Cinnamon is used by people all over the world for cooking (spice and flavoring agent), in perfumes industry , and  in medicinal products.
  • 1.2K
  • 03 Nov 2021
Topic Review
Intermittent Fasting
Intermittent fasting (IF) refers to periods of regular times with a very restricted or no caloric intake, that is, periods of voluntary abstinence from food and liquid intake: methods of energy deprivation.
  • 1.2K
  • 29 Sep 2021
Topic Review
Oral Rehydration Therapy Evolution
The original studies demonstrating the efficacy of oral glucose-electrolytes solutions in reducing or eliminating the need for intravenous therapy to correct dehydration caused by acute watery diarrheas (AWD) were focused chiefly on cholera patients. Later research adapted the oral therapy (ORT) methodology for treatment of non-cholera AWDs including for pediatric patients. These adaptations included the 2:1 regimen using 2 parts of the original WHO oral rehydration solution (ORS) formulation followed by 1 part additional plain water, and a “low sodium” packet formulation with similar average electrolyte and glucose concentrations when dissolved in the recom-mended volume of water.
  • 1.2K
  • 25 Mar 2021
Topic Review
Micronutrients and DHA during Pregnancy
 First randomized trial of multiple micronutrients and DHA in pregnant women during second and third trimester. Supplementation complemented dietary intake and increased maternal DHA. Vitamin D levels increased with supplementation but decreased in controls.  Results are clinically relevant as DHA is vital for fetal neurodevelopment.
  • 1.2K
  • 19 Aug 2020
Topic Review
Agaricus blazei ,Grifola frondosa Extracts
Extracts of the mushrooms also appear to be safe in preclinical and clinical studies. Whereas special focus has been on their antitumor effects, the mushrooms' anti-allergic properties have also been investigated. The anti-allergic mechanism was amelioration of a skewed Th1/Th2 balance. Here, a brief review is given of the preclinical and clinical findings with AbM and GF.
  • 1.2K
  • 30 Oct 2020
Topic Review
5-10-Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase
The 5-10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) enzyme is vital for cellular homeostasis due to its key functions in the one-carbon cycle, which include methionine and folate metabolism, and protein, DNA, and RNA synthesis. 
  • 1.2K
  • 14 Feb 2022
Topic Review
Osteopontin Levels in Human Milk
Breast milk is a unique source of nutrients that is physiologically tailored to meet the changing needs of the infant during the first six or more months of life. In addition to providing optimal energy and nutrition, breast milk optimally manages the transition of the neonate to extrauterine life through a combination of bioactive proteins, lipids, oligosaccharides, and immunomodulatory components.
  • 1.2K
  • 01 Dec 2021
Topic Review
Polyphenols in Metabolic Diseases
Polyphenols (PPs) are a large group of phytochemicals containing phenolic rings with two or more hydroxyl groups. They possess powerful antioxidant properties, multiple therapeutic effects, and possible health benefits in vivo and in vitro, as well as reported clinical studies. Considering their free-radical scavenging and anti-inflammatory properties, these substances can be used to treat different kinds of conditions associated with metabolic disorders. Many symptoms of metabolic syndrome (MtS), including obesity, dyslipidemia, atherosclerosis, elevated blood sugar, accelerating aging, liver intoxication, hypertension, as well as cancer and neurodegenerative disorders, are substantially relieved by dietary PPs.
  • 1.2K
  • 25 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Pediatric Obesity and Inflammation
Obesity is a growing health problem in both children and adults, impairing physical and psychological state and impacting health care system costs. It is well-known that individuals with excessive weight gain frequently develop obesity-related complications, which are mainly known as Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs), proven to be associated with chronic inflammation, causing disability and reduced life expectancy. Complications related to inflammation in pediatric obesity are discussed here.
  • 1.2K
  • 27 Oct 2020
Topic Review
Role of Selenium in Viral Infections
Viral infections have afflicted human health and despite great advancements in scientific knowledge and technologies, continue to affect our society today. The current coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic has put a spotlight on the need to review the evidence on the impact of nutritional strategies to maintain a healthy immune system, particularly in instances where there are limited therapeutic treatments. Selenium, an essential trace element in humans, has a long history of lowering the occurrence and severity of viral infections. Much of the benefits derived from selenium are due to its incorporation into selenocysteine, an important component of proteins known as selenoproteins. Viral infections are associated with an increase in reactive oxygen species and may result in oxidative stress. Studies suggest that selenium deficiency alters immune response and viral infection by increasing oxidative stress and the rate of mutations in the viral genome, leading to an increase in pathogenicity and damage to the host. 
  • 1.2K
  • 19 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Dairy Lactic Acid Bacteria in Dietetics
Fermented dairy products are the good source of different species of live lactic acid bacteria (LAB), which are beneficial microbes well characterized for their health-promoting potential. Traditionally, dietary intake of fermented dairy foods has been related to different health-promoting benefits including antimicrobial activity and modulation of the immune system, among others. In recent years, emerging evidence suggests a contribution of dairy LAB in the prophylaxis and therapy of non-communicable diseases. Live bacterial cells or their metabolites can directly impact physiological responses and/or act as signalling molecules mediating more complex communications. This entry provides up-to-date knowledge on the interactions between LAB isolated from dairy products (dairy LAB) and human health by discussing the concept of the food–gut-health axis. In particular, some bioactivities and probiotic potentials of dairy LAB have been provided on their involvement in the gut–brain axis and non-communicable diseases mainly focusing on their potential in the treatment of obesity, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus, inflammatory bowel diseases, and cancer.
  • 1.2K
  • 29 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Artificial Intelligence in Nutrients Research
Artificial intelligence (AI) as a branch of computer science, the purpose of which is to imitate thought processes, learning abilities and knowledge management, finds more and more applica-tions in experimental and clinical medicine. In recent decades, there has been an expansion of AI applications in biomedical sciences. The possibilities of artificial intelligence in the field of medical diagnostics, risk prediction and support of therapeutic techniques are growing rapidly.
  • 1.2K
  • 11 Feb 2021
Topic Review
Folate Deficiency in Obese-(pre)Pregnant Women
Preconception folic acid supplement use is a well-known method of primary prevention of neural tube defects (NTDs). Obese women are at a higher risk for having a child with a NTD.
  • 1.2K
  • 07 Mar 2021
Topic Review
Dietary Selenium Regulates microRNAs
Selenium (Se) is a metalloid element that fulfills important physiological functions within the necessary dose, but human health is also vulnerable to selenium deficiency or selenium excess.
  • 1.2K
  • 12 May 2021
Topic Review
Gut Microbiota in Obesity Prevalence
The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of gut microbiota on the prevalence of obesity and associated morbidities, taking into consideration underlying molecular mechanisms. In addition to exploring the relationship between obesity and fecal microorganisms with their metabolites, the study also focused on the factors that would be able to stimulate growth and remodeling of microbiota.
  • 1.2K
  • 14 Jan 2022
Topic Review
The Importance of Bifidobacterial Colonisation
There are several parallel mechanisms by which early life microbiome acquisition may proceed, including early exposure to maternal vaginal and fecal microbiota, transmission of skin associated microbes, and ingestion of microorganisms present in breast milk. The crucial role of vertical transmission from the maternal microbial reservoir during vaginal delivery is supported by the shared microbial strains observed among mothers and their babies and the distinctly different gut microbiome composition of caesarean-section born infants. The healthy infant colon is often dominated by members of the keystone genus Bifidobacterium that have evolved complex genetic pathways to metabolize different glycans present in human milk. In exchange for these host-derived nutrients, bifidobacteria's saccharolytic activity results in an anaerobic and acidic gut environment that is protective against enteropathogenic infection. Interference with early-life microbiota acquisition and development could result in adverse health outcomes. Compromised microbiota development, often characterized by decreased abundance of Bifidobacterium species has been reported in infants delivered prematurely, delivered by caesarean section, early life antibiotic exposure and in the case of early life allergies. Various microbiome modulation strategies such as probiotic, prebiotics, synbiotics and postbiotics have been developed that are able to generate a bifidogenic shift and help to restore the microbiota development.
  • 1.2K
  • 09 Jan 2021
Topic Review
Gut Microbiota in Thyroiditis of Hashimoto
Since the thyroid gland is one of the organs most affected by autoimmune processes, many patients with thyroiditis of Hashimoto (TH) seek medical advice on lifestyle variance and dietary modifications to improve and maintain their hyroid function. For most TH patients, the hormone-replacement therapy with levothyroxine is indispensable. Nevertheless, an appropriate dietary regimen and ecological lifestyle can complement the standard treatment and favor remission of TH by improving the function of the thyroid gland. Other less significant parameters may be a repercussion of healthier body reactions and improvement of life quality, such as better sleep and alertness. Compliance with nutritional guidelines with a focus on the prevailing anti-inflammatory diet and controlled vitamin D dosing may help individual TH patients to reduce the need for medicines, slow down the course of the disease, and avoid relapses.
  • 1.1K
  • 16 May 2022
Topic Review
Nutritional Issues in SMA
Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), the main genetic cause of infant death, is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by the selective loss of motor neurons in the anterior horn of the spinal cord, accompanied by muscle wasting. Pathomechanically, SMA is caused by low levels of the survival motor neuron protein (SMN) resulting from the loss of the SMN1 gene. However, emerging research extends the pathogenic effect of SMN deficiency beyond motor neurons. A variety of metabolic abnormalities, especially altered fatty acid metabolism and impaired glucose tolerance, has been described in isolated cases of SMA; therefore, the impact of SMN deficiency in metabolic abnormalities has been speculated. Although the life expectancy of these patients has increased due to novel disease-modifying therapies and standardization of care, understanding of the involvement of metabolism and nutrition in SMA is still limited. Optimal nutrition support and metabolic monitoring are essential for patients with SMA, and a comprehensive nutritional assessment can guide personalized nutritional therapy for this vulnerable population. It has recently been suggested that metabolomics studies before and after the onset of SMA in patients can provide valuable information about the direct or indirect effects of SMN deficiency on metabolic abnormalities. Furthermore, identifying and quantifying the specific metabolites in SMA patients may serve as an authentic biomarker or therapeutic target for SMA.
  • 1.1K
  • 12 Oct 2021
Topic Review
Effect of Curcumin Consumption on Inflammation/Oxidative Stress
Advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD) stages lead to exacerbated inflammation and oxidative stress. Patients with CKD in stage 5 need renal hemodialysis (HD) to remove toxins and waste products. However, this renal replacement therapy (RRT) is inefficient in controlling inflammation. Regular curcumin consumption has been shown to reduce inflammation and oxidative stress in subjects with chronic pathologies, suggesting that the daily intake of curcumin may alleviate these conditions in HD patients.
  • 1.1K
  • 26 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Nutritional Therapy in Pediatric CD
The increase in incidences of pediatric Crohn’s Disease (CD) worldwide has been strongly linked with dietary shifts towards a Westernized diet, ultimately leading to altered gut microbiota and disturbance in intestinal immunity and the metabolome. Multiple clinical studies in children with CD have demonstrated the high efficacy of nutritional therapy with exclusive enteral nutrition (EEN) to induce remission with an excellent safety profile. However, EEN is poorly tolerated, limiting its compliance and clinical application. This has spiked an interest in the development of alternative and better-tolerated nutritional therapy strategies. Several nutritional therapies have now been designed not only to treat the nutritional deficiencies seen in children with active CD but also to correct dysbiosis and reduce intestinal inflammation.
  • 1.1K
  • 20 Aug 2021
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