You're using an outdated browser. Please upgrade to a modern browser for the best experience.
Subject:
All Disciplines Arts & Humanities Biology & Life Sciences Business & Economics Chemistry & Materials Science Computer Science & Mathematics Engineering Environmental & Earth Sciences Medicine & Pharmacology Physical Sciences Public Health & Healthcare Social Sciences
Sort by:
Most Viewed Latest Alphabetical (A-Z) Alphabetical (Z-A)
Filter:
All Topic Review Biography Peer Reviewed Entry Video Entry
Topic Review Peer Reviewed
Social Media Ethics: Balancing Transparency, AI Marketing, and Misinformation
Social media refers to digital platforms that enable users to create, share, and engage with content within virtual communities. Platforms like Facebook, X, Instagram, and TikTok have democratized content creation, allowing individuals to share ideas, opinions, and experiences with global audiences. Social media has revolutionized the way information is shared and consumed, offering unprecedented opportunities for learning, engagement, and democratic participation. However, this accessibility comes with significant ethical challenges, particularly centered around the paradox of freedom versus harm—the tension between upholding freedom of expression and mitigating the harms of misinformation, privacy violations, and AI-driven bias. This entry explores the dilemmas and opportunities associated with social media, examining how these platforms shape public discourse, influence consumer behavior, and challenge traditional notions of truth and accountability. It aims to provide policymakers, educators, and platform designers with actionable insights to foster ethical social media environments.
  • 1.9K
  • 26 Jun 2025
Topic Review
Brothel-Based vs. Transient Sex Workers in India
The sex worker is framed by Indian popular culture as primarily a woman and a disreputable woman, who is a social deviant inhabiting circumscribed and forbidden spaces. In India, sex workers in brothel-based settings, especially in big, well-renowned red-light districts in metropolitan areas like the Sonagachi in Kolkata and the Kamathipura in Mumbai are supported by community led structural interventions and development projects.
  • 1.8K
  • 12 May 2023
Topic Review
The Normative World of Memes
Social media has become a fundamental platform where users interact and promote public values. Memetics facilitates this phenomenon. Memes have three main characteristics: (1) Diffuse at the micro-level but shape the macrostructure of society; (2) Are based on popular culture; (3) Travel through competition and selection. The findings suggest that, during a public discussion, it is common to use humor based on popular culture to question authority. Furthermore, a message becomes a meme when it evidences the gap between reality and expectations (normativity).
  • 1.8K
  • 11 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Meta-Communication in Digital Media
Meta-communication is formed in various social contexts, resulting in varying communication patterns among different groups. Empirical research on the social processes that form meta-communication in digital media is scarce due to the challenges in quantifying meta-communication. 
  • 1.8K
  • 04 May 2023
Topic Review
Green Shooting
Green Shooting is a term used to describe all the practices ranging from the pre-production, production and post-production to the publicising of an audio-visual product: Documentary, television series (including those of streaming platforms), videogame, film, festival or an advertisement.
  • 1.5K
  • 29 Mar 2021
Topic Review
Infotainment
Using infotainment for science communication is a two-edged sword: while it may help engagement, making light of a topic can reduce perceptions about its seriousness. The researchers suggest that the use of infotainment should be determined by the aims of the communicators and the nature of the target audience. If the purpose is simply to convey information, then infotainment is likely to be the most effective and it has the additional benefit of engaging recipients that lack a university education. However, if the purpose is to affect attitudes and persuade an audience, then an expository narration is likely to be most effective. 
  • 1.3K
  • 13 Sep 2022
Topic Review
Giant Pandas for Wildlife Conservation and Global Diplomacy
Over the past years, the giant panda has received adoration from people around the world and became the symbol of the World Wildlife Fund in 1961. As a wildlife conservation symbol, the giant panda’s ability to promote environmental sustainability cannot be under-estimated. As such, this lovable creature has also afforded the People’s Republic of China a wildlife diplomacy venue to promote its cultural relatedness, normalcy, and peacefulness as part of its nation branding strategies.
  • 1.3K
  • 28 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Importance of Digital Platforms for Portuguese Local Media
In an era dominated by digital platforms and news applications, the media faces many challenges, mainly because they are no longer the only ones to control the ecosystem of news production and distribution. In this context, for news outlets, these digital platforms of we can include, between others, Facebook, Google, Twitter, Instagram, and YouTube, “become powerhouses of news distribution and production”, a “key for the success of news stories, and “the most effective way to cultivate new audiences”. Therefore, distribution has gained particular importance “as the owners of networks and content aggregators increasingly assert themselves as key players in negotiating power and ability to influence consumer and browsing behavior”.
  • 1.2K
  • 05 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Assessment of Citizens’ Netiquette and Information Literacy
In a rapidly evolving world, digital representation of information and its communication through digital technologies have transformed our daily life with severe consequences in terms of sustainability in society. Citizens must face demands of different natures of the digital world. The current society presents a new scenario that demands new perspectives for cyber connection and user empowerment. Digital competence (DC) taught and assessed was influenced by the framework chosen, based mainly on commercial applications such as Microsoft’s Office Suite and operating system. The launch of DigComp in 2013 facilitated the development of tailored implementations, providing a reference framework to work on DC. However, most of the implementations related to competence assessment are self-reports compounded by multiple-choice items and Likert scales, only measuring low-order cognitive skills (e.g., IKANOS, probably the best known self-diagnostic tool at a European level available on http://test.ikanos.eus/ (accessed on 3 March 2022)). Furthermore, the skill component of the DC is barely evaluated, probably because the development of simulations or task-based assessments is complicated and time consuming.
  • 1.2K
  • 25 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Institutional and Commercial Advertising Campaigns Against Domestic Violence
Advertising campaigns which combat domestic violence often emphasize emotional impact, while focussing on victim-centric approaches, underscoring the need to empower victims. However, it is paramount to consider the different social and cultural contexts associated with the phenomenon of domestic violence in these campaigns for effective social change, eventually addressing other targets apart from the victim or incorporating the victims’ insights in the advertising campaigns.
  • 1.2K
  • 17 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Grief Communication and Disenfranchised Loss
Disenfranchised loss, or loss not recognized as a legitimate reason for grieving, affects personal and organizational well-being. Following a disenfranchised loss, bereaved individuals use communication to grapple with their loss and emotions across numerous personal and professional contexts. This entry details research on communicative underpinnings of emotions and grief before reviewing disenfranchised loss across organizational contexts.
  • 1.2K
  • 07 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Positive and Solidarity Messages Amid the COVID-19 Pandemic
The COVID-19 outbreak has caused significant stress in daily lives, which potentially increases frustration, fear, and resentful emotions. Managing stress is complex, but helps to alleviate negative psychological effects. The COVID-19 outbreak, and its subsequent effects have increased the risk of poor mental health outcomes among the general population, which is a significant challenge for tackling the pandemic. Thus, creating a positive atmosphere in crisis communication is imperative.
  • 1.1K
  • 24 Jun 2022
Topic Review
Ensuring Sustainability during a Crisis Using Flexible Methodologies
The COVID-19 pandemic forced national governments and administrations to seek flexible solutions to deal with the emergency. Thus, it is necessary to design a model of a flexible methodology based on detailed flexible methodologies to make decisions and measures connected to COVID-19 pandemic to be effectively applied without the loss of meaning and within a short time. As a result, an expandable set of relevant methodologies for crisis management and flexible methodologies was identified, modeled, and formalized using a broad literature review and an innovative model of a flexible methodology for crisis management was created in accordance with standardized concepts, transforming them into secondary use models.
  • 1.1K
  • 07 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Views on Vaccination against COVID-19 Virus
Mass immunization of the citizens of the Republic of Serbia began in January 2021. Information on the significance, manner, advantages and consequences of this process was intensively distributed through all communication channels, with the media playing a key role. According to the data of the official institutions for the public health of Serbia, by July 2021 the lowest percentage of vaccinated population was among those between the ages of 18 and 24—only 15% of this demographic had received the vaccine by this point.
  • 1.0K
  • 08 Dec 2021
Topic Review
Social Media Marketing and Bank Loyalty of Customers
E-marketing has impacted customers’ bank loyalty regarding its online services, and the role of social media marketing has remained very important to enhancing customer-based loyalty. 
  • 1.0K
  • 18 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Aggregation News Platform
News aggregation platforms are services that pull together online content such as news and videos in one place for ease of viewing on mobile devices or websites. 
  • 1.0K
  • 25 Nov 2021
Topic Review
Online Sales Promotions and Heritage Destination
Social media marketing communication is among the current strategies used to provide visibility to cultural heritage, sales promotions being especially relevant. When classifying heritage marketing, some doubts about its classification may be encountered from the perspective of the intention to make a profit. In this respect, it instead is classified as a form of non-profit marketing and it is argued that the primary motivation for its implementation should be the preservation or renewal of cultural and natural heritage. The production of profit in a commercial sense (expressed as a monetary benefit) is considered as a means to help achieve this goal. Social networks have become a key element in the promotion of heritage tourism destinations.
  • 1.0K
  • 27 Oct 2022
Topic Review Video
Sustainable Development in Local Culture Industries
For aboriginal peoples, sustainability results in benefits for future generations. The concept is applied to secure a balance between human beings and the environment. Aborigines are a source of sustainability strategies that can contribute to service industries. Through education and communication of service innovation, sustainability can be achieved. 
  • 1.0K
  • 28 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Multimodal Analysis: Newsworthiness of Political and Social Phenomena
Political phenomena concern facts related to the regime or political system. Digital citizenship has become a political issue that has changed the ways in which citizens and authorities relate to each other and the ways in which decisions are communicated (both politically and in terms of policies). On the other hand, social phenomena refer to dialogues that are inherent to the networked community. Digital media and social networks are catalysts that reconceptualize and reimagine social relations, political and cultural participation, and so on.
  • 963
  • 26 May 2023
Topic Review
Virtual Restaurants in COVID-19 Pandemic
Due to COVID-19 restrictions, many restaurants were forced to discontinue in-person service, either by locking down or finding alternative methods of operation. Despite the fact that, in the United States of America, digital restaurants have already been established for many years, in Greece, this phenomenon became popular during the pandemic. These delivery-only companies operate exclusively online, allowing customers to place orders from restaurants without a physical location.
  • 930
  • 28 Jul 2023
  • Page
  • of
  • 3
Featured Entry Collections
>>

Featured Books

>>
Encyclopedia of COVID-19
Encyclopedia of Engineering
Encyclopedia of Social Sciences
Encyclopedia of Digital Society, Industry 5.0 and Smart City
Academic Video Service
Feedback