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Topic Review
Environmental Regulations, Renewable Energy, and Energy Efficiency
European Union (EU) countries pay meticulous attention to environmental issues and achieve carbon-free development. In this direction, reducing greenhouse gas emissions and extending renewable energy are the primary goals. At the same time, the energy price and declining energy efficiency increase countries’ environmental expenditures and hinder their capabilities for economic growth. Renewable energy is crucial for furthering a country’s green economic growth. At the same time, environmental regulation has a significant role in extending renewable energy.
  • 458
  • 23 Nov 2023
Topic Review
China’s Green Finance Policy on Green Technology Innovation
Green finance policy (GFP) is widely used to incentivize enterprises to develop green technology innovation (GTI). GFP guides diversified financial capital from high-polluting enterprises and energy-consuming projects to eco-friendly enterprises and cleaner production projects by factoring in the costs of environmental risk into investment decision-making within the financial sector.
  • 438
  • 11 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Tax Buoyancy in Indonesia
In Indonesia, the taxation system operates within a family-based framework, where the combined income of all family members is considered a single economic entity for taxation purposes, typically managed by the father. In the realm of taxation, entities or corporations denote groups of individuals or capital functioning collectively, irrespective of their engagement in commercial activities. Value-added tax (VAT) is obligatory for businesses offering taxable goods or services, necessitating their registration as VAT taxpayers. 
  • 422
  • 12 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Microeconomic Explanation of Citizen Participation in Open Government
The digital economy and the sharing economy have changed the role citizens may acquire in society. Citizens can perform at least two roles from the open government perspective: on the one hand, they can be passive users/demanders of information and, on the other hand, they can provide or produce the information in an active manner.
  • 417
  • 05 Jan 2024
Topic Review Peer Reviewed
A Systematic Review of Driving Sustainability Through Circular Economy Marketing: Insights and Strategies for Green Marketing Innovation
Circular economy marketing (CEM) represents an innovative approach to aligning business strategies with sustainability objectives. This paper explores the role of CEM as a driver of green marketing innovation, emphasising strategies that minimise environmental impact on business competitiveness while enhancing consumer engagement. Using a systematic literature review based on the PRISMA methodology, we identified 39 high-impact studies across multiple industries, categorising findings into key themes, theoretical frameworks, and marketing strategies. The analysis highlights emerging trends, including the shift toward product-service systems (PSSs), behavioural nudging, transparent sustainability branding, and integration of digital technologies such as AI and blockchain to enhance traceability and consumer trust. Findings reveal that while circular economy marketing presents opportunities for businesses to differentiate themselves and build long-term sustainability strategies, significant challenges remain, including scalability issues, consumer scepticism, and risks of greenwashing. Moreover, gaps in standardising impact measurement and industry-specific adaptation hinder wider implementation. Business model innovation, policy support, and collaborative efforts are crucial in overcoming these barriers. This study provides insights for businesses, policymakers, and researchers, highlighting how CEM fosters green innovation and competitiveness. Future research should compare the effectiveness of various strategies to accelerate the transition toward sustainable marketing practices through regulation and interdisciplinary collaboration.
  • 372
  • 20 May 2025
Topic Review Peer Reviewed
From Digital Twins to Digital Triplets in Economics and Financial Decision-Making
This entry reviews the evolution from Digital Twins (DT) to Predictive Digital Twins (PDT) and Digital Triplets (DTr), culminating in Predictive Digital Ecosystems, which focus on economic and financial decision-making. It discusses historical developments, technical foundations, practical applications, ethical and regulatory challenges, and future directions. The overview integrates mature knowledge from engineering, data science, and economic domains to provide a structured reference framework for understanding and deploying Predictive Digital Ecosystems.
  • 370
  • 26 Jun 2025
Topic Review
Energy Transportation Uncertainty
Energy Transportation Uncertainty (ETU) is a measure of the unpredictability and risk associated with the physical transportation of energy resources through global supply chain networks. First systematically quantified by Morão (2025), ETU captures disruptions and perceived threats to the midstream energy sector, including pipelines, tanker ships, storage terminals, and transmission infrastructure that connect energy producers with consumers.
  • 118
  • 29 Aug 2025
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