Your browser does not fully support modern features. Please upgrade for a smoother experience.
Subject:
All Disciplines Arts & Humanities Biology & Life Sciences Business & Economics Chemistry & Materials Science Computer Science & Mathematics Engineering Environmental & Earth Sciences Medicine & Pharmacology Physical Sciences Public Health & Healthcare Social Sciences
Sort by:
Most Viewed Latest Alphabetical (A-Z) Alphabetical (Z-A)
Filter:
All Topic Review Biography Peer Reviewed Entry Video Entry
Topic Review
Integrated Seismic and Energy Interventions
Following the 2016 central Italy earthquakes, the high seismic vulnerability of existing buildings is once again at the center of the debate. Indeed, the majority of the Italian building stock (around 60%) was built before adopting the first seismic provisions (1974) and in a territory entirely characterized by medium to high levels of seismic hazard. On the other hand, the first provisions addressing thermal performance criteria were introduced in 1976 but with limited impact. A consistent reduction in energy consumption was further achieved in 1991, when even more buildings were erected. As a consequence, the Italian building stock is characterized by reduced seismic capacity and poor energy efficiency and, to optimize the available resources, combined retrofit interventions approaches are required. In this context, a synergic strategy for the seismic and energy retrofit of a unreinforced masonry (URM) building was proposed. The former Courthouse in Fabriano (Ancona, Marche), a strategic, three-story, unreinforced masonry building in the network of permanent monitoring systems of the Italian Department of Civil Protection, was selected as a case study.
  • 1.1K
  • 29 Sep 2021
Topic Review
Robotic System for Crack Inspection
Crack inspection is important to monitor the structural health of pavement structures and make the repair process easier. Currently, pavement crack inspection is conducted manually, which is inefficient and costly at the same time. To solve the problem, researchers developed robotic systems for automated data collection and analysis in real-time. 
  • 1.1K
  • 01 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Studies on Bike-Sharing Systems
Cities are moving towards new mobility strategies to tackle smart cities’ challenges such as carbon emission reduction, urban transport multimodality and mitigation of pandemic hazards, emphasising on the implementation of shared modes, such as bike-sharing systems. 
  • 1.1K
  • 19 Mar 2021
Topic Review
Seismic Analysis of Slender Monumental Structures
The preservation and seismic risk mitigation of built cultural heritage is considered today as a major priority in the international political agenda. Among the great variety of heritage structures spread worldwide, masonry towers belong to one of the most vulnerable categories against earthquake actions due to their morphological and material singularity. The proper understanding of the structural behavior of these artefacts at the micro, meso and macro scales, combined with a thorough knowledge of the best analysis practices deriving from the shared experience of the scientific community working in this field, is a fundamental prerequisite to appropriately address their seismic assessment.
  • 1.1K
  • 02 Aug 2022
Topic Review
Construction Industry and COVID-19 Outbreak
The COVID-19 outbreak has had a significant impact on the construction sector, which is generally cyclical. On the plus side, building may provide jobs which can help the industry evolve towards sustainability and digitalization. Tripartite cooperation, social discourse, and international labour rules are critical to a human-centered construction sector revival.
  • 1.1K
  • 07 Feb 2022
Topic Review
The Use of Waste Polymers in Asphalt Mixtures
Asphalt is widely employed in road construction due to its durability and ability to withstand heavy traffic. However, the disposal of waste polymers has emerged as a significant environmental concern. Recently, researchers have used polymer waste to modify asphalt pavements as a new approach. This approach aims to improve pavement performance and address the environmental concerns of polymer waste. Researchers have demonstrated that incorporating polymeric waste into asphalt mixtures can lead to performance improvements in asphalt pavements, particularly in mitigating common distresses including permanent deformation and thermal and fatigue cracking.
  • 1.1K
  • 11 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Digital Green Innovation Management of Prefabricated Construction Enterprises
Digital green innovation management activities are the core of low-carbon intelligent development of prefabricated construction enterprises (PCEs) for sustainable urban development. PCEs have to seek joint venture partners to avoid the financial risk of digital green innovation projects.
  • 1.1K
  • 14 Jun 2022
Topic Review
Virtual Reality in Civil Engineering Education
Virtual reality (VR) learning tool was successful in enhancing students’ understanding of the civil engineering experiment. The immersive and interactive nature of VR contributed to a solid grasp of the concepts presented, proving its potential as a valuable educational resource. By leveraging VR technology, educational institutions can provide an engaging and effective alternative to traditional laboratory sessions, ensuring uninterrupted and high-quality learning experiences for civil engineering students.
  • 1.0K
  • 02 Jan 2024
Topic Review
BIM-GIS-IoT-Based System
Integrate Building Information Modeling (BIM)  and Internet of Things (IoT) technologies into a geographic information system (GIS) to achieve scientific and reasonable recycling for excavated soil, which could collaboratively manage information from the government, developers, construction enterprises, transportation companies, and recycling facilities to meet the requirement for the specific communication, analysis, decision-making, and recycling plan preparation of the excavation project. In addition, it provides a systematic method and applies relevant information technology required to recycle the excavated soil effectively in the excavation project. The system is intended to provide a fundamental digital construction model for excavated soil recycling, regardless of whether it is invoked by the existing application software or a program tailored to the demands of a specific organization or stakeholders. It makes excellent use of the rich information stored in digital information models, may create a mapping to the input data required by the application, or automatically convert the basic model to facilitate the specific analysis. This system can not only serve as an excavation project simulation tool before construction, but also serve as a tool to recycle the excavated soil and cost evaluation.
  • 1.0K
  • 19 Apr 2022
Topic Review
Ultra-High Performance Concrete Mixtures and Supplementary Cementitious Materials
Ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC) is a novel cement-based material with exceptional mechanical and durability properties. Silica fume, the primary supplementary cementitious material (SCM) in UHPC, is expensive in North America, so it is often substituted with inexpensive class F fly ash. However, future availability of fly ash is uncertain as the energy industry moves toward renewable energy, which creates an urgent need to find cost-effective and environmentally friendly alternatives to fly ash. Replacing cement, fly ash, and silica fume in UHPC mixtures with ground granulated blast-furnace slag (GGBFS), metakaolin, and a natural pozzolan (pumicite) are investigated. To identify acceptable UHPC mixtures (28-day compressive strength greater than 120 MPa), workability, compression, and flexural tests were conducted on all mixtures. Then, durability properties including shrinkage, frost resistance, and chloride ion permeability (rapid chloride permeability and surface resistivity tests) were evaluated for the acceptable UHPC mixtures. Results showed that 75, 100, and 40% of fly ash in the control mixture could be replaced with pumicite, metakaolin, and GGBFS, respectively, while still producing acceptable strengths. Flexural strengths were greater than 14.20 MPa for all mixtures. For durability, UHPC mixtures had shrinkage strains no greater than 406 μstrain, durability factors of at least 105, and “very low” susceptibility to chloride ion penetration, indicating that these SCMs are suitable candidates to completely replace fly ash and partially replace silica fume in non-proprietary UHPC.
  • 1.0K
  • 16 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Low-Carbon Self-Healing Concrete
Developments in low-carbon concrete technology are of peak interest today under the scrutiny of emerging policy pressures. Existing research in self-healing concrete (SHC) has often concerned the scope of material development and evaluation with inconclusive field testing, hindering its progress towards structural feasibility.
  • 1.0K
  • 25 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Data-Driven Algorithms Applied to Wave Climate Assessment
With the increasing capabilities of computational systems, reliable algorithms can be applied to a wide variety of case studies, including those found within the wave energy sector. Some of the most advanced tools are supported by Big Data and employ artificial intelligence (AI) towards estimating local wave energy resource, forecasting operational or extreme wave conditions, or filling data-gaps in wave field measurements.
  • 1.0K
  • 30 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Principles of Modularity in Timber Buildings
When facing the increasing demands of the housing market and balancing the requirements of sustainable development in the construction sector, building design methods should practise material conservation and adopt carbon reduction measures to alleviate the current environmental burden through the implementation of a circular economy approach. Volumetric modular timber design is recognised as a practical application to test the feasibility of a waste-reduced approach. 
  • 1.0K
  • 08 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Concrete-Crack Detection on Railway Sleepers
Crack inspection in railway sleepers is crucial for ensuring rail safety and avoiding deadly accidents. Traditional methods for detecting cracks on railway sleepers are very time-consuming and lack efficiency. Therefore, researchers are paying attention to vision-based algorithms, especially Deep Learning algorithms.
  • 1.0K
  • 22 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Numerical simulation of PBL
An analytical investigation focusing on the concrete damage progress of the PBL shear connector under the influence of various lateral pressures, employing coupled RBSM and solid FEM model was carried out. The internal failure process was also clarified; the two horizontal cracks occurred near the top of the concrete dowels through the hole of the perforated steel plate, afterward, the two vertical cracks also initiated and propagated along with the shear surface. In a low lateral pressure case, the shear strength was determined by the vertical cracks propagated along with the shear surface. While as the amount of applied lateral pressure was increased, the shear strength of two vertical cracked surfaces was enhanced and the shear strength of the PBL was characterized by the occurrence of the splitting cracks and caused the splitting failure into the side concrete blocks. Moreover, the combined effects of lateral pressures and holes' diameters were also evaluated numerically and it was found that the increase in shear strength was more in large diameter case subjected to high lateral pressure because of the wide compressive regions generated around the concrete dowel.   
  • 1.0K
  • 27 Oct 2020
Topic Review
Ultra-High-Performance Fibre-Reinforced Concrete
Ultra-high-performance fibre-reinforced concrete (UHPFRC) is a cementitious composite which contains fibres. UHPFRC has emerged as an effective structural retrofitting material due to its superior mechanical properties. In addition, UHPFRC has outstanding durability, ductility and workability; a low permeability; and a high abrasion and fire resistance. 
  • 1.0K
  • 18 Apr 2023
Topic Review
Engineering Applications of Optimal Sensor Placement for SHM
Structural health monitoring (SHM) is critical to maintaining safe and reliable civil infrastructure, but the optimal design of an SHM sensing system, i.e., optimal sensor placement (OSP), remains a complex challenge.
  • 1.0K
  • 08 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Heat Transfer and Bearing Characteristics
Energy piles are commonly frictional piles that are subject to lateral frictional resistance and tip resistance balanced with external forces. To simplify the model, an energy pile is usually assumed to be a rod that deforms thermally. Energy piles are subjected to thermal and mechanical stresses simultaneously.
  • 1.0K
  • 15 Nov 2021
Topic Review
Pavement Management for a Life Cycle Cost Analysis
As the Framework Act on Sustainable Infrastructure Management has recently been enacted in Korea, it has become mandatory to establish a medium-and long-term plan for managing social infrastructure and evaluating the feasibility of maintenance projects. Road agencies are experiencing problems due to a lack of deterioration models which are essential to conducting a life cycle cost analysis.  The deterioration model subdivided pavement materials into asphalt, conventional concrete, and latex-modified concrete.
  • 1.0K
  • 30 Sep 2022
Topic Review
Development of a Real-World Driving Cycle
Global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions reached a new high in 2019. Although 2020 GHG emissions were lower than those in 2019 due to the COVID-19 crisis and associated actions, GHG concentrations in the atmosphere are continuing to rise. An improvement in on-road driving behavior that would reduce fuel consumption would benefit a huge number of motorcycle riders, resulting in significant reductions in fuel consumption and CO2 emissions. Therefore, it is essential to aggregate sufficient realistic data to generate representative real-world driving cycles that can be employed reliably for fuel consumption and exhaust emission assessment in the future. 
  • 1.0K
  • 01 Jun 2022
  • Page
  • of
  • 23
Featured Entry Collections
>>

Featured Reprints

>>
Encyclopedia of Digital Society, Industry 5.0 and Smart City
Encyclopedia of Engineering
Encyclopedia of Social Sciences
Encyclopedia of Medieval Royal Iconography
Academic Video Service
Feedback