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Topic Review
Facilitation (Business)
Facilitation in business, organizational development (OD) and consensus decision-making refers to the process of designing and running a meeting according to a previously agreed set of requirements. Facilitation concerns itself with all the tasks needed to reach a productive and impartial meeting outcome that reflects the agreed objectives and deliverables defined upfront by the meeting owner or client.
  • 565
  • 08 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Perception of Security and Youth
Trying to connect young adults and the concept of security may seem to be a moot point because the outcome is already known: Young adults are not interested in security matters. On many occasions, when linking the concepts of youth and security, a discourse is created in which the youth are held responsible for the perceived insecurity, and for the scarce implication they have in working towards a safer and more stable world.
  • 511
  • 24 Oct 2023
Topic Review Peer Reviewed
Measuring Money Attitudes and Beliefs
Over the last 50 years, there have been many attempts to devise and validate questionnaires to assess an individual’s attitude toward money and related issues. This paper attempts to conduct a comprehensive review of those measures. In all, this paper documents 54 salient studies and consults many other references from diverse and multi-disciplinary literature. There is evidently a great deal of overlap in the money attitudes dimensions assessed. Research has concentrated on the correlates of these attitudes (cultural, demographic, financial, and personality). Suggestions for the choice and development of measures are made, along with propositions for future research.
  • 503
  • 06 Jun 2025
Topic Review
Angst Und Vorurteil
Angst und Vorurteil: AIDS-Ängste als Gegenstand der Vorurteilsforschung (German: "Fear and prejudice: AIDS paranoia from the view of scientific prejudice studies") is a sociology book written by German sociologist, ethnologist, and sexologist Gisela Bleibtreu-Ehrenberg that was first published in 1989.
  • 491
  • 11 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Sociology of Autism
The sociology of autism examines how autism is understood, represented, and managed in society. It explores the social construction of autism, the role of medical and psychological institutions in defining it, and how autistic individuals navigate social structures. This field also investigates stigma, inclusion, accessibility, policy, and the neurodiversity movement, highlighting how social norms influence perceptions of autism and how autistic individuals challenge or adapt to societal expectations.
  • 487
  • 04 Mar 2025
Topic Review
Sociology of Emotions
The sociology of emotions is a subfield of sociology that examines how social structures, cultural norms, and interactions shape human emotions. Unlike psychology, which views emotions primarily as individual and biological experiences, the sociology of emotions emphasizes that emotions are socially constructed, regulated, and embedded in broader societal contexts. This field explores how emotions influence social life, group dynamics, power relations, and identity formation. Key areas of study include emotion management, emotional labor, collective emotions, and the relationship between emotions and social institutions such as the family, workplace, politics, and media.
  • 422
  • 04 Mar 2025
Topic Review
Humanistic Sociology
Humanistic sociology is an approach within sociology that emphasizes the human experience, values, agency, and meaning in social interactions. It critiques positivist sociology for being overly deterministic and quantitative, instead advocating for a sociology that is subjective, interpretive, and engaged with moral and ethical concerns. Humanistic sociology is influenced by phenomenology, existentialism, and symbolic interactionism, and it seeks to understand society from the perspective of individuals, emphasizing lived experiences, emotions, creativity, and human potential.
  • 407
  • 04 Mar 2025
Topic Review
Economic Sociology
Economic sociology is a subfield of sociology that examines the social foundations of economic behavior, institutions, and systems. Unlike mainstream economics, which primarily relies on mathematical models and rational-choice theories, economic sociology explores how social structures, cultural norms, power relations, and historical contexts shape economic life. This field integrates insights from classical sociology (Karl Marx, Max Weber, Émile Durkheim) and has evolved to include contemporary debates on markets, globalization, capitalism, economic networks, and financial crises. Economic sociology is concerned with topics such as labor markets, economic inequality, social capital, consumer behavior, and the role of institutions in economic development.
  • 379
  • 04 Mar 2025
Topic Review Peer Reviewed
Gender and Digital Technologies
This entry explores the multifaceted intersections of gender and digital technologies, offering a comprehensive analysis of how structural inequalities are reproduced, contested, and transformed in digital contexts. It is structured into six interrelated sections that collectively address key dimensions of gendered digital contexts. It begins by addressing the gender digital divide, particularly in the Global South, emphasizing disparities in access, literacy, and sociocultural constraints. The second section examines gendered labor in the tech industry, highlighting persistent inequalities in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) education, employment, and platform-based work. The third part focuses on gender representation in digital spaces, revealing how algorithmic and platform design perpetuate biases. The fourth section discusses gender bias in AI and disinformation, underscoring the systemic nature of digital inequalities. This is followed by an analysis of online gender-based violence, particularly its impact on marginalized communities and participation in digital life. The final section considers the potentials and limitations of digital activism in advancing gender justice. These sections collectively argue for an intersectional, inclusive, and justice-oriented approach to technology policy and design, calling for coordinated global efforts to create equitable digital futures.
  • 328
  • 04 Aug 2025
Topic Review Peer Reviewed
Classifications of Sociological Paradigms
In this entry paper, we propose a brief analysis of the use of the notion of “paradigm” in sciences in general and in social sciences and sociology in particular. A “paradigm” expresses a worldview and/or a unified perspective—at the level of the scientific community—on a given situation. Paradigms represent a collection of beliefs shared by the scientific community or a set of agreements through which social issues should be understood and interpreted.
  • 278
  • 20 May 2025
Biography
Victor Hugo Perez Gallo
Doctor of Sociological Sciences, Summa Cum Laude, from the University of Santiago de Compostela. He has achieved the highest honors in his doctoral studies, reflecting his exceptional academic performance and commitment to the field of sociology. His rigorous research has contributed significantly to our understanding of various sociological phenomena. Official Master's Degree in Social Problems
  • 254
  • 07 May 2025
Topic Review Peer Reviewed
Enablers and Barriers to Youth Employment: An Employment Ecosystem Approach
An “employment ecosystem” approach acknowledges that factors affecting employment are never the result of one singular factor but are the product of multiple, intersecting, and mutually reinforcing factors at the individual level (personal attributes and immediate circumstances), relationships and wider community, the workplace, and the wider macro-level (societal and structural factors, such as legislation, government policies, and macro-economic trends). Originally conceptualised within the context of employment for people with disabilities, the employment ecosystem approach provides an ecological perspective that can be used to understand the ingredients of inclusive employment more generally. This entry applies an employment ecosystem analytical lens to explore and identify enablers and barriers to youth employment in the Australian context, based on reviews of published research and reports of initiatives and programs targeting youth employment. Findings include the need to recognise the centrality of support from broader community resources, including family and community-based support, employers and co-workers, policy, and legislation. It provides evidence-based insights for practitioners and researchers interested in the development and implementation of inclusive employment practices.
  • 187
  • 06 Jun 2025
Topic Review Peer Reviewed
Mentoring in and Across Work Organizations
Mentoring is a series of communication interactions over time that involve the exchange of experiences or accumulated knowledge between individuals in a relationship with the intent of assisting growth and developing capacity. More specifically, mentoring frequently occurs in dyads that provide developmental mentoring, career development, psychosocial support, and role modeling across a continuum of formal and informal mentoring relationships, including episodic interactions. Mentoring has a long history, from guidance documented in Homer’s “Odyssey” dating back to 700 BCE, to structured mentoring programs used by organizations such as the Big Brothers (founded in 1910). However, mentoring research did not gain widespread prevalence until the 1980s when mentoring was applied across various employment sectors. This entry encompasses international scholarly publications across disciplines such as communication, business, education, medicine, engineering, psychology, sociology, and more to identify and explain key mentoring concepts, provide a comprehensive summary of existing research findings, offer strategies for effective mentoring practices, and highlight future research directions.
  • 185
  • 22 Oct 2025
Topic Review Peer Reviewed
Social Theory of Disability and Experiential Knowledge
In our contemporary societies, structured by unequal social relations of production, experiential knowledge remains in the shadow of expert or academic knowledge that provides legitimacy to any action that claims kinship. In the first part, this entry examines changes in the social theory of disability, characterized by the development of critical disability studies. The second part discusses forms of action in the disability field, specifically experiential knowledge, peer support, and their relationship to expert knowledge. Drawing upon a review of the literature, a synthesis of the evidence on the articulation of these three notions is produced. The results will illustrate the respective place and role of the different forms of knowledge derived from critical disability studies in the development of actions concerning disabilities. The information collected will make it possible to identify the links between these forms of knowledge and how they improve the ability of people with disabilities to obtain full citizenship.
  • 23
  • 05 Nov 2025
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