Your browser does not fully support modern features. Please upgrade for a smoother experience.
Subject:
All Disciplines Arts & Humanities Biology & Life Sciences Business & Economics Chemistry & Materials Science Computer Science & Mathematics Engineering Environmental & Earth Sciences Medicine & Pharmacology Physical Sciences Public Health & Healthcare Social Sciences
Sort by:
Most Viewed Latest Alphabetical (A-Z) Alphabetical (Z-A)
Filter:
All Topic Review Biography Peer Reviewed Entry Video Entry
Topic Review
Fibre Composite Manufacturing Technologies in Shipyards Industry
Fibre-reinforced polymers (FRPs) are one of the most attractive materials for engineering application. In recent times, fibrous composites have become a strong alternative to steel in the construction industry. The general advantages of FRP compared to conventional materials include high durability, cost-effective fabrication, excellent resistance to corrosion, fatigue, and fire, lighter weight, and lower maintenance costs. Owing to their unique properties, FRP composites can be successfully used in the automobile, aerospace, and marine industry, especially for lightweight constructions.
  • 450
  • 04 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Fouling and Antifouling of Ion-Selective Electrodes
Ion-selective electrodes (ISEs) are essential electrochemical sensors used for real-time monitoring of key water quality parameters such as pH, nitrate, and ammonium. However, their long-term performance in aquatic environments is limited by fouling phenomena—caused by the accumulation of organic, inorganic, and biological matter on the electrode surface. This entry provides an overview of fouling mechanisms affecting ISEs and summarizes detection, cleaning, and antifouling strategies aimed at improving sensor stability, reliability, and longevity in complex water matrices such as aquaculture and wastewater systems.
  • 99
  • 21 Oct 2025
Topic Review Peer Reviewed
Sustainable Built Environments at the Climate–Health Nexus: Mitigating Heat Risks for Urban Well-Being
“Sustainable Built Environments at the Climate–Health Nexus” refers to the planning and administration of metropolitan areas that tackle the interconnected problems of public health, climate change, and increasing heat hazards. By highlighting tactics that lessen urban heat islands, increase resilience, and advance equity, it establishes the built environment as a crucial link between environmental stresses and the welfare of multicultural urban communities. With an emphasis on how urban heat increases health risks and how design might act as a mediator between climate pressures and human well-being, this article explores the relationship between climate and health within the sustainable built environment. It criticizes the enduring “delusions of sustainable architecture”, regarded as metric substitution, which overlook fair health results in favour of sustainability being reduced to certification or spectacle. In this paper, “delusions” refer to two recurring patterns: (1) metric substitution, where carbon/energy performance is treated as a proxy for health protection, and (2) spectacle substitution, where iconic projects stand in for systemic heat-risk reduction. Through a critical examination of Singapore’s Gardens by the Bay and Abu Dhabi’s Masdar City, the conversation highlights the benefits and drawbacks of landmark sustainability initiatives. These programs highlight the risks of selected resilience, elitism, and dependence on resource-intensive technologies, even as they show technological creativity in lowering thermal stress and establishing microclimatic comfort. The study makes the case for a shift in the sustainable built environment toward design that is systemic, equitable, and health-centred. Including public health outcomes in sustainability measurements, giving everyday resilience precedence over showcase projects, and including governance, equity, and cultural transformation in planning frameworks are all highlighted in the recommendations. The climate–health nexus is used here as an evaluative lens to test whether sustainable built-environment interventions measurably reduce heat exposure and health risk, particularly for vulnerable groups. In a moment of increasing climatic stress, the conclusion urges shedding illusions and making sustainability a lived condition of justice, dignity, and resilience.
  • 20
  • 24 Mar 2026
  • Page
  • of
  • 16
Featured Entry Collections
>>

Featured Reprints

>>
Encyclopedia of Digital Society, Industry 5.0 and Smart City
Encyclopedia of Engineering
Encyclopedia of Social Sciences
Encyclopedia of Medieval Royal Iconography
Academic Video Service
Feedback

Quick Survey

Encyclopedia MDPI is conducting a targeted survey to identify the specific barriers hindering efficient research. We invite you to spend 3 minutes defining the priorities for our next generation of structured knowledge tools.
Take Survey