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Topic Review
Paedotherium
Paedotherium is an extinct, potentially paraphyletic genus of Notoungulate, belonging to the family Hegetotheriidae, composed of small-sized, rodent or lagomorph-like South American ungulates. Four species are unambiguously recognized, from the Late Miocene to the Pleistocene of Argentina , and from the late Miocene of Bolivia and Chile .
  • 627
  • 08 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Mobile Maps Using Eye Tracking
The use of mobile mapping applications is currently one of the most popular methods of navigating in urban spaces. Widespread access to smartphones and a wide range of mobile navigation applications allow each of us quick and easy access to geographic information. Mobile maps, like paper ones, allow the user to browse, search for points of interest and calculate routes, but their significant advantage, as indicated by users, is real-time information about the user’s current position.
  • 600
  • 18 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Festive Ecology
Festive ecology explores the relationships between the symbolism and the ecology of the plants, fungi and animals associated with cultural events such as festivals, processions, and special occasions. Examples of topics are given below.
  • 587
  • 20 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Energy Efficiency in Land Consolidation
Land consolidation in rural areas is greatly influenced by a number of social, agricultural, and economic factors. They extend the time and complicate activities related to the implementation of this project. Land consolidation is a huge investment, requiring a good and up-to-date map. 
  • 584
  • 01 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Second Grinnell Expedition
The Second Grinnell Expedition of 1853 was an American effort, financed by Henry Grinnell, to determine the fate of the Franklin's lost expedition. Led by Dr. Elisha Kane, the team explored areas northwest of Greenland, now called Grinnell Land. While failing to determine the fate of Sir John Franklin, the expedition set a new record for northward penetration, delineated 960 mi (1,540 km) of unexplored coastline north of 82° latitude, and discovered the long-sought open Polar Sea. Kane collected valuable geographical, climate and magnetic observations before abandoning the brig Advance to the pack ice in 1855. While three members of the crew were lost, the epic journey of the survivors inspired the public as a vivid tale of Arctic survival.
  • 582
  • 28 Oct 2022
Topic Review
UN-SPIDER
UN-SPIDER ("United Nations Platform for Space-based Information for Disaster Management and Emergency Response") is a platform which facilitates the use of space-based technologies for disaster management and emergency response. It is a programme under the auspices of the United Nations Office for Outer Space Affairs (UNOOSA).
  • 573
  • 18 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Reda Mansour
Reda Mansour (Arabic: رضا منصور, Hebrew: רדא מנצור‎) is an Israeli-Druze poet, historian and diplomat. He has published three books of Hebrew poetry and received the University of Haifa Miller Award as well as the State President Scholarship for young writers. Mansour was born (1965) in the Druze village of Isfiya in northern Israel. He has a Ph. D from the University of Haifa's Middle East History Department and a graduate of Harvard's Kennedy School of Government where he was a Wexner Israel Fellow. He studied Spanish in Salamanca University (dating back to 1218, is the oldest and also one of the most prestigious universities in Spain), and a general studies semester in the Hebrew University in Jerusalem. His field of research is the Changes in the Perception of Identity and Social Environment as Evident in the Intellectual Discourse in Syria During the Third Decade of the "Corrective Movement" 1988-2003.
  • 559
  • 20 Oct 2022
Topic Review
The Wispy Terrain and Dione's Cryotectonic Features
The so-called Wispy Terrain, named after observing frequently appearing wispy streaks, markings, and lineaments in the images of the Voyager spacecraft, is one of the enigmatic features of the icy moon Dione (a satellite of Saturn). Its characteristics and formation have been the target of a long-lasting scientific debate and ongoing research, along with other cryotectonic features of the icy satellite. 
  • 487
  • 17 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Societal Benefit Areas
The Societal Benefit Areas (SBAs) are eight environmental fields of interest, all of which relate to climate, around which the Global Earth Observation System of Systems (GEOSS) project is exerting its efforts. These include: Biodiversity and Ecosystem Sustainability, Disaster Resilience, Energy and Mineral Resources Management, Food Security and Sustainable Agriculture, Infrastructure and Transport Management, Public Health Surveillance, Sustainable Urban Development, and Water Resources Management around which a preliminary hierarchical vocabulary has been created. One of the aims of GEOSS is to implement a proper system of Earth monitoring and to render information deriving from this process available to a global range of users. Currently, the hierarchical vocabulary structuring these societal benefit categories and their subcategories are available only in English. However, translations have been created for French, Spanish and Italian versions by Claudia Cialone and Kristin Stock of the Centre for Geospatial Science (CGS) at the University of Nottingham, UK, with input from a number of people from the Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR) in Italy, the University of Zaragoza and the European Union Joint Research Centre (JRC). Translations have also been accomplished for a Slovenian version of the SBAs by the Biotehnical faculty of the University of Ljubljana, SI.
  • 485
  • 01 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Ship Automatic Identification System
The extraction of ship behavior patterns from Automatic Identification System (AIS) data and the subsequent prediction of travel routes play crucial roles in mitigating the risk of ship accidents. This study focuses on the Wuhan section of the dendritic river system in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River and the partial reticulated river system in the northern part of the Zhejiang Province as its primary investigation areas. Considering the structure and attributes of AIS data, a novel algorithm known as the Combination of DBSCAN and DTW (CDDTW) is introduced to identify regional navigation characteristics of ships. Subsequently, a real-time ship trajectory prediction model (RSTPM) is developed to facilitate real-time ship trajectory predictions. Experimental tests on two distinct types of river sections are conducted to assess the model’s reliability. The results indicate that the RSTPM exhibits superior prediction accuracy when compared to conventional trajectory prediction models, achieving an approximate 20 m prediction accuracy for ship trajectories on inland waterways. This showcases the advancements made by this model.
  • 449
  • 18 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Sensing Travel Source–Sink Spatiotemporal Ranges
Urban remote sensing is providing increasing theoretical and empirical evidence for addressing urban issues, such as traffic systems, medical health, and green spaces. Plentiful image remote sensing technologies have effectively supported the large-scale detection of urban facility distribution. However, cities do not entail only the coverage distribution of buildings, impervious surfaces, parks, and other facilities on the land, but also complex human activities among these urban facilities.  Correspondingly, the sensing of human activity phenomena is an emerging exploration in urban remote sensing. The travel source–sink phenomenon is a typical urban traffic anomaly that reflects the imbalanced dissipation and aggregation of human mobility activities. It is useful for pertinently balancing urban facilities and optimizing urban structures to accurately sense the spatiotemporal ranges of travel source–sinks, such as for public transportation station optimization, sharing resource configurations, or stampede precautions among moving crowds. 
  • 402
  • 14 Aug 2023
Topic Review Peer Reviewed
Spatial Planning Education Across Cultures
Planning education is the transmission of technical knowledge applied to the design and regulation of space in towns and countries, together with the ethical consciousness of how this knowledge can affect society and the environment.
  • 333
  • 20 May 2025
Topic Review
Living Fire Retardant Deployment System (L-FRDS)
This white paper introduces a next-generation, nature-inspired fire suppression material—code-named L-FRDS (Living Fire Retardant Deployment System)—capable of self-replicating over active flame zones, mimicking fungal behavior, and fully dissipating without toxic residue. The retardant activates exclusively in response to the specific thermal resonance signature of open flame, a critical safety and efficiency feature that prevents accidental activation and collateral damage. Once activated, it amplifies its own propagation through a harmonic feedback mechanism, effectively consuming the fire in a recursive loop that is both self-sustaining and self-limiting. Upon extinguishing its host flame and neutralizing the heat source, the material undergoes a programmed denaturing process and biodegrades completely, breaking down into inert, beneficial organic matter and leaving no ecological footprint. This technology represents a fundamental departure from conventional suppressants, which are often corrosive, toxic, and environmentally damaging. L-FRDS offers an intelligent, adaptive, and ultimately restorative solution to the growing global crisis of wildfires. This document outlines the core innovation, mechanism of action, strategic benefits, and the immutable open humanitarian license governing its universal use.
  • 144
  • 05 Sep 2025
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