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Topic Review
Anti-Breast Cancer Properties of Curcumin Analogs
Breast cancer (BC), the most common malignancy in women, results from significant alterations in genetic and epigenetic mechanisms that alter multiple signaling pathways in growth and malignant progression, leading to limited long-term survival. Curcumin (a natural yellow pigment), the principal ingredient in the spice turmeric, is well-documented for its diverse pharmacological properties including anti-cancer activity. However, its clinical application has been limited because of its low solubility, stability, and bioavailability. To overcome the limitation of curcumin, several modified curcumin conjugates and curcumin analogs were developed and studied for their anti-cancer properties.
  • 461
  • 22 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Intracapsular Femoral Neck Fractures
Femoral neck fractures are common and constitute one of the largest healthcare burdens of the modern age. Fractures within the joint capsule (intracapsular) represent a specific surgical challenge due to the difficulty in predicting the rates of bony union and whether the blood supply to the femoral head has been disrupted in a way that would lead to avascular necrosis. Most femoral neck fractures are treated surgically, aiming to maintain mobility, whilst reducing pain and complications associated with prolonged bedrest.
  • 457
  • 19 Aug 2021
Biography
Gottfried Heinisch
On 19 September 2019, the Pharmaceutical Science community in Austria lost a distinguished luminary, O. Univ.-Prof.i.R. Dr. Dr.h.c. Mag. pharm. Gottfried Heinisch, at the age of eighty after a long, severe illness. Born in 1938 to a Lower-Austrian Pharmacist’s family, Gottfried Heinisch studied pharmaceutical sciences at the University of Vienna, initially with the perspective of becoming a P
  • 449
  • 13 Sep 2022
Topic Review
Applications of Asymmetric Lipid Vesicles
Liposomes have been widely studied for drug release applications, for which they are known to have the desired effect by releasing specific concentrations on site. In drug delivery, when a drug is supplied directly to the bloodstream, problems such as short circulation times, drug breakdown, and clearance are lessened. Liposomes are an alternative to avoid these problems because they can trap the drug, control the dosage need, and have an effective drug concentration to target the desired cells.
  • 449
  • 09 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Algae in the Nutricosmetic Sector
Seaweeds or algae are marine autotrophic organisms. They produce nutrients (e.g., proteins, carbohydrates, etc.) essential for the survival of living organisms as they participate in biochemical processes and non-nutritive molecules (such as dietary fibers and secondary metabolites), which can improve their physiological functions. Seaweed polysaccharides, fatty acids, peptides, terpenoids, pigments, and polyphenols have biological properties that can be used to develop food supplements and nutricosmetic products as they can act as antibacterial, antiviral, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory compounds.
  • 447
  • 17 May 2023
Topic Review
Chemistry and pharmacological study of Aspidosperma pyrifolium (Apocynaceae)
Aspidosperma pyrifolium Mart., popularly known as “pereiro-preto”, is a small tree that is widely distributed in Northeastern Brazil, more precisely in the Caatinga. Its wood is used in the manufacture of furniture, due to its excellent quality; in traditional medicine, the extract of its leaves and bark is used for its anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties. The study made it possible to isolate 15-methoxyaspidospermine and 15-methoxypyrifolidine, corroborating the results of pharmacological assays, which showed anti-inflammatory and analgesic potential, especially at 30 mg kg−1 (p < 0.001). Thus, the species was shown to be a promising source of active substances, with special attention paid to its toxicological potential.
  • 444
  • 09 Dec 2021
Topic Review
The Challenging Treatment of Cisplatin-Resistant Tumors
Cancer is one of the most lethal diseases, causing millions of deaths worldwide. In particular, carcinogenesis, the process responsible for healthy cells’ transformation into tumoral cells, is characterized by multi-stage evolution: initiation, promotion, and the malignant transformation of cells and progression. During this process, some DNA mutations occur, providing the cancer with different distinctive features, such as uncontrolled cell proliferation, replicative cell immortality, the circumvention of growth suppressors, the induction of angiogenesis, resistance to cell death, activation to invasion, and metastasis. The principal cancer treatments rely on surgical resection, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and targeted therapy, but usually combined therapy is the preferred choice. Indeed, after surgery, the patient often undergoes radio- or chemotherapy. 
  • 437
  • 21 Apr 2023
Topic Review
Polyphenolic-Loaded Nanocarriers for Inflammation-Mediated Diseases
The global increase and prevalence of inflammatory-mediated diseases have been a great menace to human welfare. Several works have demonstrated the anti-inflammatory potentials of natural polyphenolic compounds, including flavonoid derivatives (EGCG, rutin, apigenin, naringenin) and phenolic acids (GA, CA, etc.), among others (resveratrol, curcumin, etc.). In order to improve the stability and bioavailability of these natural polyphenolic compounds, their recent loading applications in both organic (liposomes, micelles, dendrimers, etc.) and inorganic (mesoporous silica, heavy metals, etc.) nanocarrier technologies are being employed. 
  • 434
  • 27 Apr 2023
Topic Review
Molecular Hybrids Targeting Tubulin Polymerization
Microtubules are cylindrical protein polymers formed from αβ-tubulin heterodimers in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells. Microtubule disturbance may cause cell cycle arrest in the G2/M phase, and anomalous mitotic spindles will form. Microtubules are an important target for cancer drug action because of their critical role in mitosis. Several microtubule-targeting agents with vast therapeutic advantages have been developed, but they often lead to multidrug resistance and adverse side effects. Thus, single-target therapy has drawbacks in the effective control of tubulin polymerization. Molecular hybridization, based on the amalgamation of two or more pharmacophores of bioactive conjugates to engender a single molecular structure with enhanced pharmacokinetics and biological activity, compared to their parent molecules, has recently become a promising approach in drug development. The practical application of combined active scaffolds targeting tubulin polymerization inhibitors has been corroborated in the past few years
  • 432
  • 12 Apr 2022
Topic Review
Main Group Metals and Metalloids in Cancer Treatment
Cancer is one of the leading causes of human death among all major diseases. Metal-based complexes are considered as the most promising vital part in the existing arsenal of cytotoxic candidates used in cancer therapy and diagnostics. The efforts of many scientific groups resulted in the development of numerous metal-based compounds featuring different biologically active organic ligands in order to modulate their bioactivity.
  • 432
  • 17 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Cyclodextrins/Estrogens Inclusion Complexes
In the pharmaceutical industry, cyclodextrins (CDs) are frequently used to improve the aqueous solubility, stability, and bioavailability of medications. Because estrogens have a low polarity, they can interact with some cyclodextrins’ hydrophobic cavities to create inclusion complexes, if their geometric properties are compatible. Estrogen-CD complexes have been widely applied in several fields for various objectives. 
  • 431
  • 09 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Metal Ions and Bioactive Glasses
Bioactive glasses (BGs) are of great interest in the field of medical implants due to their osteoinductive, osteoproductive, osteoconductive, and antimicrobial properties. Metal ions with bactericidal action can be incorporated into the glass structure in order to improve the antibiofilm activity of the BGs.
  • 430
  • 30 Sep 2022
Topic Review
Orally Fast Disintegrating Tablets for Infants and Children
A significant number of current drug formulations are not suitable for children of different age groups because of heterogeneity of the pediatric population, immature Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism and Elimination (ADME) processes, rapid developmental changes, palatability issues, low drug adherence and ethical concerns. Improvements in flexibility of dose administration, tablet size, taste masking, bioavailability, excipient safety and acceptability, stability, manufacturing and affordability represent multiple opportunities at various scales of child-friendly formulations design to overcome clinical and technological challenges in pediatric drug development. Orally Dispersible Tablets (ODTs) are a promising child-friendly drug delivery strategy, offering a potential solution to address unique medical needs in infants and children while maintaining a favorable excipient safety and acceptability profile in these vulnerable patient populations.
  • 428
  • 05 May 2023
Topic Review
Plant-Derived Natural Products against Common Respiratory Diseases
Currently, the world is more challenged by respiratory diseases (RDs) than it witnessed in the last few decades. This is evident in the plethora of acute and chronic respiratory conditions, ranging from asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) to multidrug-resistant tuberculosis, pneumonia, influenza, and more recently, the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) disease. Unfortunately, the emergence of drug-resistant strains of pathogens, drug toxicity and side effects are drawbacks to effective chemotherapeutic management of RDs. The role of natural products (NPs) in drug discovery cannot be over-emphasized. NPs are chemical substances produced by living organisms such as plants, animals, and marine organisms. They are primary and secondary metabolites and may only be isolatable in small quantities from natural sources. Structurally, they range from small molecules, such as thymol, thymoquinone and penicillin, to complex molecules such as tachyplesin I and II, with unique chemical and biological properties. NPs are regarded as the hallmark of modern pharmaceutical care because they continue to provide new leads with novel biological mechanisms of action against emerging diseases.
  • 426
  • 27 May 2022
Topic Review
Polypeptides for Anticancer Drug Delivery
Even though polypeptide drug delivery systems have already achieved good results in preclinical studies, there is still a significant lack of clinical trials using these systems. Obviously, there is a large gap between preclinical studies and their translation to the clinic. The lack of consistency in reporting preclinical studies using drug delivery systems has prevented a systematic assessment of these studies. For the effective application of nanotechnology in the clinical environment, researchers should be able to compare new data with previously published results in a reliable and meaningful way. This requires a standard of specific information that needs to be reported, including material characterization, biological characterization, and so on, so that quantitative comparisons, meta-analyses and in silico modeling can be conducted and facilitated.
  • 423
  • 12 May 2022
Topic Review
Pharmacology of LENART01, a Dermorphin–Ranatensin Hybrid Peptide
Diverse chemical and pharmacological strategies are currently being explored to minimize the unwanted side effects of currently used opioid analgesics while achieving effective pain relief. The use of multitarget ligands with activity at more than one receptor represents a promising therapeutic approach.
  • 422
  • 16 Apr 2024
Topic Review
Drug Therapies for Alzheimer’s Disease
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by decreased synaptic transmission and cerebral atrophy with appearance of amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles. Cognitive, functional, and behavioral alterations are commonly associated with the disease. Different pathophysiological pathways of AD have been proposed, some of which interact and influence one another. Treatment for AD mainly involves the use of therapeutic agents to alleviate the symptoms in AD patients. The conventional single-target treatment approaches do not often cause the desired effect in the disease due to its multifactorial origin. Thus, multi-target strategies have since been undertaken, which aim to simultaneously target multiple targets involved in the development of AD. 
  • 420
  • 27 Feb 2023
Topic Review
Fluorescent Probes
Peroxynitrite (ONOO−) is a crucial reactive oxygen species that plays a vital role in cellular signal transduction and homeostatic regulation. Determining and visualizing peroxynitrite accurately in biological systems is important for understanding its roles in physiological and pathological activity.
  • 419
  • 31 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Phytochemicals
 The bioactive chemical compounds responsible for these benefits are known as phytochemicals (PHYs). Specifically, PHYs are defined as bioactive chemical compounds found in plants, such as fruits, vegetables, grains, and other plant-derived foods, that may supply health benefits beyond basic nutrition and could help to reduce the risk of major chronic diseases. PHYs are generally produced by plants to help themselves resist fungi, bacteria, and plant virus infections and also to hamper their consumption by insects and other animals
  • 419
  • 08 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Fluorine-Containing Glycomimetics
Glycomimetics, which are synthetic molecules designed to mimic the structures and functions of natural carbohydrates, have been developed to overcome the limitations associated with natural carbohydrates. The fluorination of carbohydrates has emerged as a promising solution to dramatically enhance the metabolic stability, bioavailability, and protein-binding affinity of natural carbohydrates.
  • 419
  • 26 Sep 2023
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