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Topic Review
Alleviate Job Burnout in Construction Workers in China
Burnout is at all-time highs across modern professions. As a typical labor-intensive industry, the high-pressure and task-driven nature of the construction industry makes construction workers more prone to burnout. It is still unclear whether increasing the professionalization level can lessen the many harmful consequences of job burnout on construction workers’ employment.
  • 782
  • 17 Jan 2023
Topic Review
Heatwaves on Human Morbidity in Primary Care Settings
Heatwaves are expected to be more intense, occur more often, and last longer. There is a need to study the effects of heatwaves in primary care settings. Heatwaves are associated with increased heat-related morbidities and decreased respiratory infection risk. The study of heatwaves’ effects in primary care settings helps evaluate the impact of heatwaves on the general population. Primary care settings might be not suitable to study acute life-threatening morbidities. 
  • 781
  • 20 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Composition of Dental Waste
Dental waste can be broadly divided into three categories: infectious waste, non-infectious waste, and domestic-type waste. Infectious waste contains materials contaminated with blood or other infectious mouth fluids, amalgam, and sharps, whereas non-infectious dental waste is devoid of human fluid contamination but can be potentially toxic due to the presence of amalgams, acids, metal dust, resins, etc. Suspended particulates in dental wastewater are another likely source of contamination. Appropriate segregation of this waste is essential for containing infections during waste processing. New-generation dental materials, such as nanomaterials, resin-based composites, and ceramics, are finding increasing applications in a variety of dental procedures as antimicrobial, restorative, and therapeutic agents. While incineration and landfilling have been used for processing traditional dental waste, the presence of novel materials in dental waste raises several additional concerns. Novel single/multistage recycling approaches need to be developed for dental waste towards resource recovery, thus minimizing incineration and landfilling to the extent possible.
  • 778
  • 21 Nov 2023
Topic Review
COVID-19's Mortality for Elderly People
A prevalência da pandemia COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) na população idosa, principalmente institucionalizada, ocorre por ser este o cenário em que o isolamento social é difícil em uma situação como a de uma pandemia. A vulnerabilidade dessa população está ligada aos aspectos fisiológicos do envelhecimento, que impactam na eficácia do sistema imunológico, desencadeando morbimortalidade por doenças infecciosas.
  • 777
  • 04 Aug 2021
Topic Review
Mercury and Prenatal Growth
The intrauterine environment is critical for healthy prenatal growth and affects neonatal survival and later health. Mercury is a toxic metal which can freely cross the placenta and disrupt a wide range of cellular processes. Many observational studies have investigated mercury exposure and prenatal growth, but no prior review has synthesised this evidence. Four relevant publication databases (Embase, MEDLINE/PubMed, PsycINFO, and Scopus) were systematically searched to identify studies of prenatal mercury exposure and birth weight, birth length, or head circumference. Study quality was assessed using the NIH Quality Assessment Tool, and results synthesised in a narrative review. Twenty-seven studies met the review criteria, these were in 17 countries and used 8 types of mercury biomarker. Studies of birth weight (total = 27) involving populations with high levels of mercury exposure, non-linear methods, or identified as high quality were more likely to report an association with mercury, but overall results were inconsistent. Most studies reported no strong evidence of association between mercury and birth length (n = 14) or head circumference (n = 14). 
  • 776
  • 07 Jul 2021
Biography
Chidiebere Emmanuel Okechukwu
Chidiebere Emmanuel Okechukwu is a healthcare scientist recognized for his significant contributions to the understanding of the relationship between circadian rhythms and mental health, particularly among nurses working night shifts during the COVID-19 pandemic. His research has underscored the challenges faced by healthcare professionals in maintaining mental health amid demanding work schedul
  • 771
  • 16 Dec 2024
Topic Review
Pioglitazone Use and Sepsis Mortality
The pioglitazone use via the PPARγ agonist in sepsis patients is inconclusive. It was based on a great number of animal studies. However, except for information from animal studies, there are merely no data of human for reference. This study was conducted by a unique database including 1.6 million of diabetic patients. From 1999 to 2013, a total of 145,327 type 2 diabetic patients, first admitted for sepsis, were enrolled. Propensity score matching was conducted in a 1:5 ratio between pioglitazone users and nonusers. Multivariate logistic regression was conducted to evaluate the adjusted odds ratios (aORs) of hospital mortality in pioglitazone users. Further stratification analysis and Kaplan-Meier plot were utilized. A total of 9,310 sepsis pioglitazone users (defined as "ever" use pioglitazone in any dose within 3 months prior to the first admission for sepsis) and 46,550 matched nonusers were retrieved, respectively. In the multivariate logistic regression model, the cohort of pioglitazone users (9,310) had a decreased aOR = 0.95 (95% CI, 0.89-1.02) of sepsis mortality. Further stratification analysis demonstrated that "chronic pioglitazone users" (defined as "at least" 4 weeks drug use within 3 months) (3,399) was much associated with significant aOR = 0.80 (95% CI, 0.72-0.89) in reducing sepsis mortality. This first human cohort study demonstrated the potential protective effect of chronic pioglitazone use in type 2 diabetic sepsis patients.
  • 763
  • 16 Mar 2021
Topic Review
Contamination by Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria in Hospital Toilets
Multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria can spread in the healthcare setting by different ways. The most important are direct contact transmission occurring when an individual comes into physical contact with an infected or colonized patient (which can involve healthcare workers, patients, or visitors) and indirect contact transmission occurring when a person touches contaminated objects or surfaces in the hospital environment. Different sites in restrooms, from toilets and hoppers to drains and siphons, can become contaminated with MDR bacteria that can persist there for long time periods. Therefore, shared toilets may play an important role in the transmission of nosocomial infections since they could represent a reservoir for MDR bacteria. Such pathogens can be further disseminated by bioaerosol and/or droplets potentially produced during toilet use or flushing and be transmitted by inhalation and contact with contaminated fomites.
  • 760
  • 30 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Trends in Pollutant Accumulations in Energy-Efficient Residential Buildings
Improving the energy efficiency of buildings is a major target in developed countries toward decreasing their energy consumption and CO2 emissions. To meet this target, a large number of countries have established energy codes that require buildings to be airtight. While such a retrofitting approach has improved health outcomes in areas with heavy traffic, it has worsened the health outcomes in Nordic countries and increased the risk of lung cancer in areas with high levels of radon emissions. The implementation of mechanical ventilation in new energy-efficient buildings has solved some of these problems; however, for others, a decrease in the level of outdoor pollutants was still required in order to achieve a good indoor air quality. A good balance between the air exchange rate and the air humidity level (adapted to the location) is key to ensuring that exposure to the various pollutants that accumulate inside energy-efficient buildings is low enough to avoid affecting inhabitants′ health. Evidence of the protective effect of mechanical ventilation should be sought in dwellings where natural ventilation allows pollutants to accumulate to threatening levels. 
  • 758
  • 25 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Erosive Tooth Wear among Preschool Children
Erosive tooth wear is understood as a common problem to many adults, but it also affects many children. The findings suggested that the prevalence of erosive tooth wear among preschool children was over one-third (39.64%), with low-quality evidence suggesting boys and children with digestive disorders being more significantly affected.
  • 758
  • 13 Apr 2022
Topic Review
Road Safety Near a Landfill Assessment in Europe
In Europe, many governments are struggling with the ambitious target of zero road deaths by 2050. On the other hand, they are facing remediation of illegal waste dumps, subject to European infringement procedures and involving a lot of workers and heavy materials transportation. In Italy, a specific department was started in 2017 to carry out the remediation of 200 illegal landfills of urban/industrial solid waste. According to the Italian legislative framework on construction site management, risk assessment should also include risks for the external context caused by the working site.
  • 756
  • 26 May 2023
Topic Review
Obstructive Sleep Apnea(OSA)
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common sleep disorder that affects all age groups and is associated with many co-morbid diseases (especially cardiovascular diseases). Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is the gold standard for treating OSA. However, and with increasing prevalence of CPAP non-adherence, other therapeutic interventions have emerged. Hypoglossal nerve stimulation is a novel modality of treating patients with moderate to severe OSA who are not adherent to CPAP.
  • 753
  • 02 Mar 2021
Topic Review
Impact of Dietary AGEs on Female Reproduction
Advanced glycation end products (AGEs), a heterogenous group of products formed by the reaction between protein and reducing sugars, can form endogenously due to non-enzymatic reactions or by exogenous sources such as diet where considerable increase in AGEs is observed due to the modification of food mainly by thermal processing. Recent studies have suggested that AGEs could impact, via inducing inflammation and oxidative stress, the reproductive health and fertility in both males and females.
  • 753
  • 22 Apr 2022
Topic Review
Child-Friendly Streetscape in Migrant Workers’ Communities in China
Designing child-friendly streetscapes is a pragmatic and effective approach to addressing the limited outdoor play spaces and social exclusion experienced by migrant children living in vulnerable residential areas. Addressing the development and well-being of all children in urban communities is important for the sustainable development of cities and society. A growing body of research emphasizes the need for urban planning strategies and community initiatives that promote safe and accessible play spaces for children, as well as social integration policies and support networks, thereby fostering children’s overall well-being.
  • 749
  • 12 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Sustainable Diets
A calorie-balanced diet mainly based on food of plant origin that would allow the attainment of 60% of daily caloric requirements and a low protein intake from animal foods (focusing in fish and poultry) could significantly reduce global morbi-mortality and the dietary environmental impact maintaining a framework of sustainability conditioned by the consumption of fresh, seasonal, locally produced and minimally packaged products. The implementation of sustainable diets requires working on the triangulation of concepts of food–health–environment from schools and that is permanently reinforced during all stages of the life by healthcare workers, who should establish the appropriate modifications according to the age, gender and health situation. 
  • 747
  • 23 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Cervical Cancer Screening
In Southeast Asia, cervical cancer is the second most common cancer in women. Low coverage for cervical cancer screening (CCS) becomes a roadblock to disease detection and treatment. Herein, we identified the barriers to and facilitators of cervical cancer screening among women living in SEA.
  • 743
  • 17 May 2021
Topic Review
Microbiota in Shaping Women’s Health
A properly colonized human microbiota contributes to the proper functioning of the body. The composition of the natural flora changes depending on age, health, living conditions, and the use of antimicrobial agents: antibiotics, disinfectants, and some cosmetics. The human body is diversely populated with microorganisms and undergoes constant changes under the influence of various factors, and its proper composition is extremely important for the proper functioning of the body.
  • 742
  • 09 Jan 2023
Topic Review
Students’ Negative Emotional Symptoms during COVID-19
The impact of the coronavirus pandemic on negative emotional symptoms has been serious with studies reporting high prevalence rates for these. Isolation, reduced social contact, duration of quarantine and restrictions, which are the characteristics of a lockdown, played an important role in increased negative emotional symptoms for students.
  • 741
  • 04 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Diet Quality Index and Obesity among Chinese Adults
Obesity, or excess adiposity, is a leading public health problem worldwide that results in significant medical burdens. Diet quality scores designed based on Western-style dietary patterns were demonstrated to be good indicators of obesity in developed but not developing countries. This entry shows that diet quality scores tailored to the Chinese diet demonstrate a strong relationship with both undernutrition and overnutrition, as well as being underweight and obese in Chinese adults. 
  • 739
  • 28 Oct 2021
Topic Review
Epidemiological Investigations on Health Effects in Toner-Manufacturing Workers
Adverse health effects can occur in occupational engagements in various industries, and there have been several reports on the contamination of work environments by long-term exposure to chemicals such as heavy metals and organic solvents. Dust has long caused serious health problems at workplaces such as coal mines, tunnel construction, arc welding, metal grinding, foundries, and quarries.
  • 738
  • 22 Nov 2022
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