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Topic Review
Data Modifications in Blockchain Architecture
Due to the immutability of blockchain, the integration with big-data systems creates limitations on redundancy, scalability, cost, and latency. Additionally, large amounts of invaluable data result in the waste of energy and storage resources. As a result, the demand for data deletion possibilities in blockchain has risen.
  • 872
  • 15 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Models of Workload Generators
Simulation is a powerful process for perfectly planning and dimensioning web systems. However, a successful analysis using a simulation model usually requires variable load intensities. Furthermore, as the client’s behavior is subject to frequent changes in modern web systems, such models need to be adapted as well. Based on web systems observation, the researchers come across the need for tools that allow flexible definitions of web systems load profiles. 
  • 867
  • 13 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Octopussy
Octopussy, also known as 8Pussy, is a free and open-source computer-software which monitors systems, by constantly analyzing the syslog data they generate and transmit to such a central Octopussy server (thus often called a SIEM solution). Therefore, software like Octopussy plays an important role in maintaining an information security management system within ISO/IEC 27001-compliant environments. Octopussy has the ability to monitor any device that supports the syslog protocol, such as servers, routers, switches, firewalls, load balancers, and its important applications and services. The main purpose of the software is to alert its administrators and users to different kinds of events, like system outages, attacks on systems or errors in applications. However, unlike Nagios or Icinga, Octopussy is not a state-checker and therefore problems cannot be resolved within the application. The software also makes no prescription whatsoever on which messages must be/must not be analyzed. As such, Octopussy can be seen as less powerful than other popular commercial software in the same category (event monitoring and log analysis). Octopussy is compatible with many Linux system distributions like Debian, Ubuntu, OpenSUSE, CentOS, RHEL and even meta-distributions as Gentoo or Arch Linux. Although Octopussy was originally designed to run on Linux, it could be ported to other Unix variants like FreeBSD with minimal effort. Octopussy has extensive report generating features and also various interfaces to other software, like e.g. NSCA (Nagios), Jabber/XMPP and Zabbix. With the help of software like Snare even Windows EventLogs can be processed. Octopussy is licensed under the terms of the GNU General Public License.
  • 858
  • 11 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Internet of Things Security Improvement
The growing popularity and extensive use of IoT devices have also introduced new security challenges. IoT devices often lack proper security measures, rendering them vulnerable to attacks. These attacks can range from simple network-based attacks to more sophisticated ones that target the physical devices themselves. The security of the IoT ecosystem is a complex and interdisciplinary domain that combines cybersecurity with various engineering fields, such as mechanical and electrical engineering. It goes beyond protecting data, servers, network infrastructure, and information. It also involves the supervision and management of physical systems connected through the Internet, whether in a centralized or distributed manner.
  • 844
  • 30 Jun 2023
Topic Review
XSwitch
The XSwitch is an interconnect used by the XCore processor. The interconnect protocol is defined by XMOS, and is based around routing messages comprising 9-bit tokens between cores on a network. The protocol is specifically designed for on-chip and board-level communication, but using LVDS drivers it can also run over longer cables.
  • 837
  • 22 Nov 2022
Topic Review
HP NewWave
NewWave is a discontinued object-oriented graphical desktop environment and office productivity tool for PCs running early versions of Microsoft Windows (beginning with 2.0). It was developed by Hewlett-Packard and introduced commercially in 1988. It was used on the HP Vectras and other IBM compatible PCs running MS Windows. From a user perspective NewWave ran on top of MS Windows and completely replaced the standard Windows Desktop and Program Manager user interface with its own object-oriented desktop interface. HP promoted NewWave until the release of Windows 95, at which time further development of the product ceased due to incompatibility with the new operating system. The NewWave GUI (together with the contemporaneous NeXTSTEP GUI) introduced the shaded "3-D look and feel" that was later widely adopted. HP encouraged independent software vendors to produce versions of applications which took advantage of NewWave functionality, allowing their data to be handled as objects instead of files. One early example was Samna Corporation (later acquired by Lotus) who produced an edition of their Microsoft Windows word processor Ami Pro entitled ‘’Ami Pro for NewWave’’. On June 20, 1988 Microsoft Corporation and Hewlett-Packard issued a press release announcing the inclusion of NewWave support in an up-coming release Microsoft Excel. NewWave featured icons, scheduled scripts in the form of "agents", and "hot connects." HP incorporated NewWave into their multi-platform office automation offerings running under their proprietary MPE and HP-UX (UNIX) minicomputer operating systems. They developed NewWave versions of key email, database, document management, personal productivity, communications and network management tools and branded all related solutions under the “HP NewWave Office” banner. Prior to the integration of HP NewWave this solution set had been known as “Business System Plus”. The “NewWave Office” term had been used previously to describe the main NewWave user desktop.
  • 833
  • 29 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Digital Gifts and Tourism Mementos
Touristic destinations all around the world are struggling to digitally transform the touristic experience and the touristic products they offer and to capitalize a good experience with new tourists and returning ones. It is possible for various lines of business to come together and work along one another for an improve touristic experience using mobile technologies in a personalized, targeted approach.
  • 829
  • 06 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Brownfield (Software Development)
Brownfield development is a term commonly used in the information technology industry to describe problem spaces needing the development and deployment of new software systems in the immediate presence of existing (legacy) software applications/systems. This implies that any new software architecture must take into account and coexist with live software already in situ. In contemporary civil engineering, Brownfield land means places where new buildings may need to be designed and erected considering the other structures and services already in place. Brownfield development adds a number of improvements to conventional software engineering practices. These traditionally assume a "clean sheet of paper" or "greenfield land" target environment throughout the design and implementation phases of software development. Brownfield extends such traditions by insisting that the context (local landscape) of the system being created be factored into any development exercise. This requires a detailed knowledge of the systems, services and data in the immediate vicinity of the solution under construction.
  • 826
  • 18 Nov 2022
Topic Review
PQS
PQS is a general purpose quantum chemistry program. Its roots go back to the first ab initio gradient program developed in Professor Peter Pulay's group but now it is developed and distributed commercially by Parallel Quantum Solutions. There is a reduction in cost for academic users and a site license. Its strong points are geometry optimization, NMR chemical shift calculations, and large MP2 calculations, and high parallel efficiency on computing clusters. It includes many other capabilities including Density functional theory, the semiempirical methods, MINDO/3, MNDO, AM1 and PM3, Molecular mechanics using the SYBYL 5.0 Force Field, the quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics mixed method using the ONIOM method, natural bond orbital (NBO) analysis and COSMO solvation models. Recently, a highly efficient parallel CCSD(T) code for closed shell systems has been developed. This code includes many other post Hartree–Fock methods: MP2, MP3, MP4, CISD, CEPA, QCISD and so on.
  • 822
  • 25 Oct 2022
Topic Review
WebAssembly
WebAssembly is a low-level bytecode language that enables high-level languages like C, C++, and Rust to be executed in the browser at near-native performance. WebAssembly has gained widespread adoption and is natively supported by all modern browsers. Despite its benefits, WebAssembly has introduced significant security challenges, primarily due to vulnerabilities inherited from memory-unsafe source languages. Moreover, the use of WebAssembly extends beyond traditional web applications to smart contracts on blockchain platforms, where vulnerabilities have led to significant financial losses. WebAssembly has also been used for malicious purposes, like cryptojacking, where website visitors’ hardware resources are used for crypto mining without their consent. 
  • 821
  • 15 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Routing Services in Smart Cities
The vehicle routing problem (VRP) is a complex optimization problem, in which there exists a set of clients at various locations, each one with a shipment need, and a fleet of vehicles, departing from the central depot that shall optimally satisfy the needs of the clients. The aim of a typical VRP is to find out the optimal route to minimize the total costs. Furthermore, various factors affecting route planning, such as vehicle capacity, fuel consumption, traffic congestion, etc., have to be considered to accomplish the minimization of the total route costs.
  • 812
  • 31 Jan 2023
Topic Review
Fault-Tolerant Secure Data Aggregation Schemes in Smart Grids
Secure data aggregation is an important process that enables a smart meter to perform efficiently and accurately. However, the fault tolerance and privacy of the user data are the most serious concerns in this process. 
  • 809
  • 08 Jan 2023
Topic Review
Importance of Metrics for Agile Scrum Environments
Metrics are key elements that can give us valuable information about the effectiveness of agile software development processes, particularly considering the Scrum environment. Scrum was conceived by Jeff Sutherland and Ken Schwaber in 1993 with the intention of being a faster, more effective, and more reliable way to develop software for the technology industry.
  • 807
  • 26 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Image-Compression Techniques
Image compression is a vital component for domains in which the computational resources are usually scarce such as automotive or telemedicine fields. Also, when discussing real-time systems, the large amount of data that must flow through the system can represent a bottleneck. Therefore, the storage of images, alongside the compression, transmission, and decompression procedures, becomes vital. In recent years, many compression techniques that only preserve the quality of the region of interest of an image have been developed, the other parts being either discarded or compressed with major quality loss. 
  • 807
  • 08 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Geary
Geary is a free and open-source email client written in Vala, which is based on WebKitGTK+. Although since adopted by the GNOME project, the project originally was developed by the Yorba Foundation. The purpose of this e-mail client, according to Adam Dingle, Yorba founder, was to bring back users from online webmails to a faster and easier to use desktop application. Pantheon Mail is a fork initiated by the Elementary OS community after the demise of Yorba.
  • 805
  • 23 Nov 2022
Topic Review Peer Reviewed
MongoDB: Meeting the Dynamic Needs of Modern Applications
This entry reviews MongoDB’s fundamentals, architectural features, advantages, and limitations, providing a comprehensive understanding of its capabilities. MongoDB’s impact on the database landscape is profound, challenging traditional relational databases and influencing the adoption of NoSQL solutions globally. With its continued growth, innovation, and commitment to addressing evolving market needs, MongoDB remains a pivotal player in modern data management, empowering organizations to build scalable, efficient, and high-performance applications.
  • 802
  • 30 Sep 2024
Topic Review
Virtual LAN
A virtual LAN (VLAN) is any broadcast domain that is partitioned and isolated in a computer network at the data link layer (OSI layer 2). LAN is the abbreviation for local area network and in this context virtual refers to a physical object recreated and altered by additional logic. VLANs work by applying tags to network frames and handling these tags in networking systems – creating the appearance and functionality of network traffic that is physically on a single network but acts as if it is split between separate networks. In this way, VLANs can keep network applications separate despite being connected to the same physical network, and without requiring multiple sets of cabling and networking devices to be deployed. VLANs allow network administrators to group hosts together even if the hosts are not directly connected to the same network switch. Because VLAN membership can be configured through software, this can greatly simplify network design and deployment. Without VLANs, grouping hosts according to their resource needs the labor of relocating nodes or rewiring data links. VLANs allow devices that must be kept separate to share the cabling of a physical network and yet be prevented from directly interacting with one another. This managed sharing yields gains in simplicity, security, traffic management, and economy. For example, a VLAN can be used to separate traffic within a business based on individual users or groups of users or their roles (e.g. network administrators), or based on traffic characteristics (e.g. low-priority traffic prevented from impinging on the rest of the network's functioning). Many Internet hosting services use VLANs to separate customers' private zones from one other, allowing each customer's servers to be grouped in a single network segment no matter where the individual servers are located in the data center. Some precautions are needed to prevent traffic "escaping" from a given VLAN, an exploit known as VLAN hopping. To subdivide a network into VLANs, one configures network equipment. Simpler equipment might partition only each physical port (if even that), in which case each VLAN runs over a dedicated network cable. More sophisticated devices can mark frames through VLAN tagging, so that a single interconnect (trunk) may be used to transport data for multiple VLANs. Since VLANs share bandwidth, a VLAN trunk can use link aggregation, quality-of-service prioritization, or both to route data efficiently.
  • 794
  • 09 Oct 2022
Topic Review
CNR
CNR, or One-Click & Run, was a free one-click software delivery service that was created to make finding and installing Linux software easier. It assisted the user in finding and installing software on their computer, and sat dormant in the system tray when not in use. CNR offered a large database of Linux programs that were suitable for everyday and specialty usage. It was available for Linspire and its derivatives, as well as various other Linux distributions.
  • 794
  • 17 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Starlink Project
The Starlink Project, referred to by users as Starlink and by developers as simply The Project, was a United Kingdom astronomical computing project which supplied general-purpose data reduction software. Until the late 1990s, it also supplied computing hardware and system administration personnel to UK astronomical institutes. In the former respect, it was analogous to the United States IRAF project. The project was formally started in 1980, though the funding had been agreed, and some work begun, a year earlier. It was closed down when its funding was withdrawn by the Particle Physics and Astronomy Research Council in 2005. In 2006, the Joint Astronomy Centre released its own updated version of Starlink and took over maintenance; the task was passed again in mid-2015 to the East Asian Observatory. The latest version was released on 2018 July 19. Part of the software is relicensed under the GNU GPL while some of it remain under the original custom licence.
  • 792
  • 13 Nov 2022
Topic Review
ModernPascal
Modern Pascal is a closed source, cross-platform, interpreter, compiler and runtime environment for command line, server-side and networking applications. Modern Pascal applications are written in Pascal/Object Pascal, and can be run within the Modern Pascal runtime on Microsoft Windows, Linux, OS X, FreeBSD, Solaris and DOS/32 operating systems. Its work is hosted and supported by the 3F, LLC and partner MP Solutions, LLC. Modern Pascal provides a blocking I/O API technology commonly used for operating system applications. Modern Pascal CodeRunner contains a built-in library to allow applications to act as a Web server without software such as Apache HTTP Server or IIS.
  • 788
  • 21 Oct 2022
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