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Topic Review
Tiva-C LaunchPad
The Tiva-C (a.k.a. TM4C) LaunchPads are inexpensive self-contained, single-board microcontrollers, about the size of a credit card, featuring an ARM Cortex-M4F 32-bit CPU operating at 80 to 120 MHz, manufactured by Texas Instruments. The TM4C Series TM4C123G LaunchPad is an upgrade from TI's Stellaris LaunchPad adding support options for motion control PWMs and USB Host functionality. The more recently released TM4C1294 Connected LaunchPad is the first cloud-connected offering in TI's LaunchPad ecosystem and provides a solid foundation for beginning and evaluating embedded IoT designs. There are many I/O pins (40 to 80 depending upon version) that have multi-personality. This means that they can be easily configured as digital inputs or outputs, analog inputs and outputs or other functions, allowing a great variety of applications, are just the multiple serial ports have the ability to interface with more items such as test cards or other communication modules, etc. Among those pins there are included the GND and POWER (3.3 V) pins. The clock is 80 or 120 MHz (vers based), which makes them 5 to over 7 times faster than the Arduino Uno's 16 MHz ATmega328P microcontroller. As with any Cortex M4, the CPU has some DSP (digital signal processor) instructions, with some limitations. One can do signal processing, for example, sampling a human voice with a good quality, able to be processed in MATLAB. The CPU contains the optional floating-point unit with single-precision floating point operations supported. They have an additional USB port which can act as USB host, allowing the connection of multiple devices and the "Connected" one has an integrated 10/100 Ethernet MAC+PHY for Internet connectivity. They also have a temperature sensor and on-board LED(s) and RGB LED(s), which allows you to generate various colors by combining the three basic colors (red, blue and green) of the additive color synthesis. The Tiva/TM4C LaunchPads come preloaded with software to demonstrate many of the capabilities of the ARM microcontroller and with a quickstart application to get up and running within minutes.
  • 2.7K
  • 01 Dec 2022
Biography
Chuck Hull
Chuck Hull (Charles W. Hull; born May 12, 1939) is the co-founder, executive vice president and chief technology officer of 3D Systems.[1][2] He is the inventor of the solid imaging process known as stereolithography (3D Printing), the first commercial rapid prototyping technology, and the STL file format. He is named on more than 60 U.S. patents as well as other patents around the world in the
  • 2.6K
  • 27 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Emission Standard
Emission standards are the legal requirements governing air pollutants released into the atmosphere. Emission standards set quantitative limits on the permissible amount of specific air pollutants that may be released from specific sources over specific timeframes. They are generally designed to achieve air quality standards and to protect human life.
  • 2.6K
  • 29 Nov 2022
Biography
Raymix
Edmundo Gómez Moreno (born 17 February 1991), better known by his stage name Raymix, is a Mexican musician and aerospace engineer. Nicknamed El Rey de la Electrocumbia, Raymix started his music career in the early 2010s, when he joined a trance project called Light & Wave with two other Mexican musicians. Their song "Feeling the City" was featured on the Armin van Buuren radio show A State of T
  • 2.6K
  • 22 Nov 2022
Biography
Franklin Chang Díaz
Franklin Ramón Chang Díaz (April 5, 1950)[1] is a Costa Rican Chinese American mechanical engineer, physicist, former NASA astronaut. He is the founder and current CEO of Ad Astra Rocket Company[2] as well as a member of Cummins' board of directors.[3] He became an American citizen in 1977.[4] He is of Chinese (paternal side) and Costa Rican Spanish (maternal side) descent.[5] He is a veteran
  • 2.6K
  • 18 Nov 2022
Biography
Lloyd Groff Copeman
Lloyd Groff Copeman (December 28, 1881 – July 5, 1956)[1] was an American inventor who devised the first electric stove and the flexible rubber ice cube tray, among other products. He had nearly 700 patents to his name, and he claimed that he could walk into any store and find one of his inventions.[2] Copeman was raised by his Canadian parents on a farm in Hadley Township, Michigan which w
  • 2.6K
  • 20 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Biodegradable Polymers and Stages of Biodegradation
Sustainable and biodegradable bioplastics are gaining significant attention due to resource depletion and plastic pollution. An increasing number of environmentally friendly plastics are being introduced to the market with the aim of addressing these concerns. However, many final products still contain additives or mix non-biodegradable polymers to ensure minimum performance, which often undermines their ecological footprint. Moreover, there is a lack of knowledge about all stages of biodegradation and their accuracy in classifying products as biodegradable.
  • 2.6K
  • 25 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Volkswagen Golf Estate
Volkswagen has marketed estate/station wagon variants of its Golf model since its third generation in 1993, through its current seventh generation. Volkswagen marketed the station wagon as Jetta Sportwagen and later the Golf Sportwagen in the United States, the Bora Sportwagen in Mexico, Golf Break and later Golf SW in France, Jetta Variant in Brazil, Vento Variant in Argentina, Jetta Wagon in Canada (only for 2009), Golf Wagon in Canada (onwards from 2010), Golf Estate in the United Kingdom and prominently as the Golf Variant in the domestic market in Germany and most other markets.
  • 2.6K
  • 30 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Tensor Processing Unit
A tensor processing unit (TPU) is an AI accelerator application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) developed by Google specifically for neural network machine learning, particularly using Google's own TensorFlow software. Google began using TPUs internally in 2015, and in 2018 made them available for third party use, both as part of its cloud infrastructure and by offering a smaller version of the chip for sale.
  • 2.6K
  • 18 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Artificial Uterus
An artificial uterus (or artificial womb) is a hypothetical device that would allow for external pregnancy by growing a fetus outside the body of an organism that would normally carry the fetus to term. An artificial uterus, as a replacement organ, would have many applications. It could be used to assist male or female couples in the development of a fetus. This can potentially be performed as a switch from a natural uterus to an artificial uterus, thereby moving the threshold of fetal viability to a much earlier stage of pregnancy. In this sense, it can be regarded as a neonatal incubator with very extended functions. It could also be used the for initiation of fetal development. An artificial uterus could also help make fetal surgery procedures at an early stage an option instead of having to postpone them until term of pregnancy. In 2016 scientists published two studies regarding human embryos developing for thirteen days within an ecto-uterine environment. Currently, a 14-day rule prevents human embryos from being kept in artificial wombs longer than 14 days. This rule has been codified into law in twelve countries. In 2017 fetal researchers at the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia published a study showing they had grown premature lamb fetuses for four weeks in an extra-uterine life support system.
  • 2.6K
  • 27 Sep 2022
Topic Review
Applications of E-Nose in Tea Quality Evaluation
The advancement in sensor technology has replaced the human olfaction system with an artificial olfaction system, i.e., electronic noses (E-noses) for quality control of teas to differentiate the distinct aromas. An E-nose system’s sensor array consists of some non-specific sensors, and an odor stimulus generates a fingerprint from this array. Fingerprints or patterns from known odors are used to train a pattern recognition model such that unknown odors can be classified and identified subsequently. Recently, the E-nose has been regarded as a powerful tool for tea quality monitoring. For instance, wide applications in tea research include tea classification, tea fermentation methods, tea components, tea grade quality, and tea storage.
  • 2.6K
  • 28 Sep 2022
Topic Review
Sustainable Innovation Ecosystems
Innovation ecosystem is a intertwined network of multi-layer relationships through which relevant knowledge and creativity flow through a framework of sustained value co-creation. The term gained popularity among academics, policymakers, managers and entrepreneurs in the last decades. These complex relations between players aim to enable technology development and innovation with an open mindset and promoting the responsible and inclusive exploitation of resources.
  • 2.6K
  • 27 Oct 2020
Topic Review
Chemical Sensor Array
A chemical sensor array is a sensor architecture with multiple sensor components that create a pattern for analyte detection from the additive responses of individual sensor components. There exist several types of chemical sensor arrays including electronic, optical, acoustic wave, and potentiometric devices, which are described below. These chemical sensor arrays can employ multiple sensor types that are cross-reactive or tuned to sense specific analytes.
  • 2.6K
  • 18 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Natural Ventilation
Natural ventilation is the process of supplying air to and removing air from an indoor space without using mechanical systems. It refers to the flow of external air to an indoor space as a result of pressure differences arising from natural forces. There are two types of natural ventilation occurring in buildings: wind driven ventilation and buoyancy-driven ventilation. Wind driven ventilation arises from the different pressures created by wind around a building or structure, and openings being formed on the perimeter which then permit flow through the building. Buoyancy-driven ventilation occurs as a result of the directional buoyancy force that results from temperature differences between the interior and exterior. Since the internal heat gains which create temperature differences between the interior and exterior are created by natural processes, including the heat from people, and wind effects are variable, naturally ventilated buildings are sometimes called "breathing buildings".
  • 2.6K
  • 25 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Electric Turbo Compound
An Electric Turbo Compound (ETC) system is defined where a turbine coupled to a generator (turbogenerator) is located in the exhaust gas flow of a reciprocating engine to harvest waste heat energy and convert it into electrical power. An example of an ETC system is where a turbogenerator is located downstream of a turbocharger turbine of an Internal Combustion Engine (ICE). The power generated from the ETC system can be used to feed into an electrical grid or provide power to local electrical loads such as engine auxiliaries. ETC systems are commercially available for stationary power gensets and at an advanced stage of development for automotive applications as a solution to the challenge of improving the fuel efficiency of gas and diesel engines by recovering waste energy from the exhaust gases.
  • 2.6K
  • 25 Oct 2022
Biography
George Robert Carruthers
George Robert Carruthers (born October 1, 1939) is an award-winning African-American inventor, physicist, and space scientist. Carruthers invented the ultraviolet camera/spectograph for NASA to use when it launched Apollo 16 in 1972. His work also demonstrated that molecular hydrogen exists in the interstellar medium. In 2003, Carruthers was inducted into the National Inventor's Hall of Fame. He
  • 2.5K
  • 15 Nov 2022
Biography
Ursula Burns
Ursula M. Burns (born September 20, 1958), is an American businesswoman. She is the chairman of VEON,[1] a senior advisor to Teneo,[2] and a non-executive director of the beverage company Diageo since April 2018, among other directorships[3] such as Uber.[4][5] In 2009, Burns became CEO of Xerox, the first black woman CEO to head a Fortune 500 company,[6] and the first woman to succeed another a
  • 2.5K
  • 30 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Blancpain
Blancpain SA (French pronunciation: ​[blɑ̃pɛ̃]) is a Swiss luxury watch manufacturer, headquartered in Paudex/Le Brassus, Switzerland . It designs, manufactures, distributes, and sells prestige and luxury mechanical watches. Founded by Jehan-Jacques Blancpain in Villeret, Switzerland in 1735, Blancpain is the oldest surviving watchmaking brand in the world. Blancpain has been a subsidiary of the Swiss Swatch Group since 1992, and is regarded as a top-tier Swatch brand. It is best known for its Fifty Fathoms diving watch introduced in 1953 and its 1735 Grande Complication wristwatch introduced in 1991.
  • 2.5K
  • 16 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Warp-Field Experiments
Warp-field experiments are a series of current and proposed experiments to create and detect instances of spacetime warping. The ultimate goal is to prove or disprove the possibility of spacetime metric engineering with reasonable amounts of energy.
  • 2.5K
  • 14 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Wastewater
Wastewater is any water that has been contaminated by human use. Wastewater is "used water from any combination of domestic, industrial, commercial or agricultural activities, surface runoff or stormwater, and any sewer inflow or sewer infiltration". Therefore, wastewater is a byproduct of domestic, industrial, commercial or agricultural activities. The characteristics of wastewater vary depending on the source. Types of wastewater include: domestic wastewater from households, municipal wastewater from communities (also called sewage) and industrial wastewater. Wastewater can contain physical, chemical and biological pollutants. Households may produce wastewater from flush toilets, sinks, dishwashers, washing machines, bath tubs, and showers. Households that use dry toilets produce less wastewater than those that use flush toilets. Wastewater may be conveyed in a sanitary sewer that conveys only sewage. Alternatively, wastewater can be transported in a combined sewer that conveys both stormwater runoff and sewage, and possibly also industrial wastewater. After treatment at a wastewater treatment plant, treated wastewater (also called effluent) is discharged to a receiving water body. The terms "wastewater reuse" and "water reclamation" apply if the treated waste is used for another purpose. Wastewater that is discharged to the environment without suitable treatment can cause water pollution. In developing countries and in rural areas with low population densities, wastewater is often treated by various on-site sanitation systems and not conveyed in sewers. These systems include septic tanks connected to drain fields, on-site sewage systems (OSS), vermifilter systems and many more.
  • 2.5K
  • 19 Oct 2022
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