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Topic Review
Resilient Scheduling and Construction Projects
Resilient schedules are defined by their multidimensionality: they tend to be robust, flexible, and adaptable. Previous studies in construction scheduling have predominantly focused on the robustness aspect, which is already a complex concept. On the one hand, robustness depicts the insensitivity of objective function in the optimization model, may it be project minimization or NPV maximization, for example; on the other hand, it tends to minimize the deviations between baseline schedule and realized state.
  • 1.1K
  • 05 Aug 2021
Topic Review
Amyloidosis
Amyloidosis is a term referring to a group of various protein-misfolding diseases wherein normally soluble proteins form aggregates as insoluble amyloid fibrils. How, or whether, amyloid fibrils contribute to tissue damage in amyloidosis has been the topic of debate. In vitro studies have demonstrated the appearance of small globular oligomeric species during the incubation of amyloid beta peptide (Aβ).
  • 1.1K
  • 30 Aug 2021
Topic Review
L-Lactate
l-Lactate plays a role as a metabolic and signaling molecule, accordingly, Vaccari-Cardoso and co-workers developed a viral vector to express a modified version of lactate oxidase (LOx) originating from the bacteria Aerococcus viridans. Their results in vitro show that LOx expression in astrocytes reduced their intracellular lactate levels and its release to the extracellular space.
  • 1.1K
  • 07 Oct 2021
Topic Review
Dendritic Cell-Based Approaches in Autoimmunity
Dendritic cells (DCs) dictate the outcomes of tissue-specific immune responses. DCs instruct T cells to respond to antigens (Ags), including self-Ags, leading to organ damage in the context of autoimmune diseases, or to becoming regulatory T cells (Tregs) promoting and perpetuating immune tolerance. DCs can acquire tolerogenic properties in vitro and in vivo in response to several stimuli, a feature that opens the possibility to generate or to target DCs to restore tolerance in autoimmune settings.
  • 1.1K
  • 09 Oct 2021
Topic Review
Mature T-Cell Lymphomas
The most recent WHO 2016 classification of lymphoid tumors now recognizes 29 discrete types of mature T-cell lymphomas (MTCLs). According to the initial site of involvement, MTCLs can clinically be broadly classified into one of four categories, including (1) leukemic disease; (2) nodal disease; (3) extranodal disease; and (4) cutaneous disease. The most common MTCLs subtypes include PTCL, not otherwise specified (NOS) and angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma (AITL), other subtypes include hepatosplenic gamma delta T-cell lymphoma (HSTCL), anaplastic large-cell lymphoma (ALCL), and subcutaneous panniculitis-like T-cell lymphoma (SPTCL), the primary T-cell lymphoma of the intestine.
  • 1.1K
  • 04 Nov 2021
Topic Review
COVID-19 Pandemic
The SARS-CoV-2 belongs to the Coronaviridae family, like the other previously occurring human coronavirus variants.
  • 1.1K
  • 17 Nov 2021
Topic Review
Ischemic Stroke and Excitotoxicity
Stroke is a relevant cause of death, disability and dementia worldwide. In ischemic stroke, excitotoxicity is the main mechanism of neuronal death in the penumbra area, a potentially recoverable tissue surrounding the irreversibly damaged infarct core. In excitatory neurons, scaffold protein PSD-95 plays a central role in neuronal function but also survival/death choices. Thus, this protein is a promising target for development of neuroprotective strategies for stroke and other pathologies similarly associated to excitotoxicity.
  • 1.1K
  • 13 Dec 2021
Topic Review
Molecular Imaging of DFI
Advances in imaging have the potential to improve the assessment of diabetic foot infection (DFI), particularly in distinguishing infection of soft tissue alone from osteomyelitis (OM). 
  • 1.1K
  • 28 Dec 2021
Topic Review
Oxidative Stress and Placental Diseases
Oxidative stress (OS) plays a pivotal role in placental development; however, abnormal loads in oxidative stress molecules may overwhelm the placental defense mechanisms and cause pathological situations. The environment in which the mother evolves triggers an exposure of the placental tissue to chemical, physical, and biological agents of OS, with potential pathological consequences. 
  • 1.1K
  • 17 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Corrosion Monitoring in Atmospheric Conditions
A variety of techniques are available for monitoring metal corrosion in electrolytes. However, only some of them can be applied in the atmosphere, in which case a thin discontinuous electrolyte film forms on a surface. Traditional and state-of-the-art real-time corrosion monitoring techniques include atmospheric corrosion monitor (ACM), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), electrochemical noise (EN), electrical resistance (ER) probes, quartz crystal microbalance (QCM), radio-frequency identification sensors (RFID), fibre optic corrosion sensors (FOCS) and respirometry.
  • 1.1K
  • 27 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Airborne Bacteria in Dairy Farms
The environmental quality of farms plays an important role in the food safety of the dairy industry because it may influence the microbial communities in milk. The microorganisms present in the different areas of a farm have an influence on this environmental quality, using the air as a vehicle of dissemination. However, the ability of this airborne microbial community to contaminate the milk, like the sources of origin of these microorganisms, has not been well studied in dairy farms until now. 
  • 1.1K
  • 25 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Professionally applied fluorides
Professionally applied topical fluorides are used by a dental professional in the dental office to protect the oral health of children and adults, particularly for patients at greater risk. They could be in the form of a gel, varnish, foam, or mouthrinse.  Preventive fraction (PF) is a method used to measure the effectiveness of these products in preventing caries. PF is a percentual ratio computed as the difference between increment or prevalence in the control sample and study sample divided by the increment or prevalence in the control sample.
  • 1.1K
  • 21 Feb 2022
Topic Review
Vitamin D on Skeletal Muscle Dysfunction with COPD
Skeletal muscle dysfunction is frequently associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), which is characterized by a permanent airflow limitation, with a worsening respiratory disorder during disease evolution. COPD is a progressive lung disease, characterized by an irreversible airflow limitation. In COPD, the pathophysiological changes related to the chronic inflammatory state affect oxidant–antioxidant balance, which is one of the main mechanisms accompanying extra-pulmonary comorbidity such as muscle wasting. Muscle impairment is characterized by alterations on muscle fiber architecture, contractile protein integrity, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Vitamin D deficiency affects oxidative stress and mitochondrial function influencing disease course through an effect on muscle function in COPD patients.
  • 1.1K
  • 27 Apr 2022
Topic Review
Built Environment Factors and Residential Land Carbon Emissions
Evaluating the effects of built environment factors (BEF) on residential land carbon emissions (RLCE) is an effective way to reduce RLCE and promote low-carbon development from the perspective of urban planning.
  • 1.1K
  • 13 May 2022
Topic Review
Recognition and Regulation of Pathogenic Fungi
The interaction between pathogenic fungi and plants is a complex process. From the perspective of pathogenic fungi, pathogenic fungi are involved in the regulation of pathogenicity by surface signal recognition proteins, MAPK signaling pathways, transcription factors, and pathogenic factors in the process of infecting plants.
  • 1.1K
  • 13 May 2022
Topic Review
Ganglioside GM3 Synthase Deficiency
Gangliosides (glycosphingolipids containing one or more sialic acids) are highly expressed in neural tissues in vertebrates, and four species (GM1a, GD1a, GD1b, GT1b) are predominant in mammalian brains. GM3 is the precursor of each of these four species and is the major ganglioside in many nonneural tissues. GM3 synthase (GM3S), encoded by ST3GAL5 gene in humans, is a sialyltransferase responsible for synthesis of GM3 from its precursor, lactosylceramide. ST3GAL5 mutations cause an autosomal recessive form of severe infantile-onset neurological disease characterized by progressive microcephaly, intellectual disability, dyskinetic movements, blindness, deafness, intractable seizures, and pigment changes.
  • 1.1K
  • 17 May 2022
Topic Review
Dark Triad Psychopathy
Dark Triad traits and self-control are considered viable causal precursors to antisocial and criminal outcomes in youth. 
  • 1.1K
  • 20 Jun 2022
Topic Review
Response of Perennial Ryegrass to Abiotic Stress
Perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) is an important turfgrass and gramineous forage widely grown in temperate regions around the world. However, its perennial nature leads to the inevitable exposure of perennial ryegrass to various environmental stresses on a seasonal basis and from year to year. Like other plants, perennial ryegrass has evolved sophisticated mechanisms to make appropriate adjustments in growth and development in order to adapt to the stress environment at both the physiological and molecular levels. A thorough understanding of the mechanisms of perennial ryegrass response to abiotic stresses is crucial for obtaining superior stress-tolerant varieties through molecular breeding.
  • 1.1K
  • 22 Jun 2022
Topic Review
Graphene and 2D Materials
Several chemical vapor deposition (CVD) methods have been extensively used in the semiconductor industries for bulk crystal growth, thin film deposition, and nanomaterials synthesis. The MW-SWP CVD system consisting of a waveguide, slot antenna, and dielectric windows is significant for generating high-density plasma with low electron temperature, enabling low-temperature growth of materials without damaging the surface of base substrates. The synthesis of graphene and hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) films has been achieved on metals, semiconductors, insulators, and dielectric substrates for application in photovoltaics, sensors, batteries, supercapacitors, fuel cells, and various other electronic devices.
  • 1.1K
  • 13 Sep 2022
Topic Review
Drydene 311 (Saturday)
The Drydene 311 was a 311-mile (501 km) NASCAR Cup Series stock car race held annually at Dover International Speedway in Dover, Delaware. It was one of two Cup races at the track. The 2007 Autism Speaks 400 presented by Visa marked the first time that a NASCAR Cup race entitlement was dedicated to a non-profit organization, by the race's title sponsor, Visa Inc. Martin Truex Jr. is the defending winner. From 2007 to 2018, the race was named the "Autism Speaks 400 presented by Visa", dedicated to increasing understanding and knowledge of autism spectrum disorders; funding dedicated to eugenics; and advocating for the needs of affected families. Between 2001 and 2006, the race was broadcast in the United States on FX. Television coverage of the race moved to the Fox network beginning in 2007, but after eight years, the race returned to cable television with Fox Sports 1. The 2020 race was postponed to August due to the COVID-19 pandemic and became a doubleheader with the second race. Both events were named the Drydene 311 as their race lengths were shortened.
  • 1.1K
  • 24 Oct 2022
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